/***************************************************************************
 *   Copyright (C) 2003-2004 by David Saxton                               *
 *   david@bluehaze.org                                                    *
 *                                                                         *
 *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify  *
 *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by  *
 *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or     *
 *   (at your option) any later version.                                   *
 ***************************************************************************/

#ifndef ELEMENT_H
#define ELEMENT_H

#include "elementset.h"
#include "matrix.h"

class ElementSet;
class Vector;
typedef unsigned int uint;

const double T = 300.; // Temperature in Kelvin
const double K = 1.38e-23; // Boltzmann's constant
const double q = 1.602e-19; // Charge on an electron
const double V_T = K*T/q; // Thermal voltage
const double gmin = 1e-12; // Minimum parallel conductance used in dc domain

class CNode
{
public:
	CNode();
	void set_n( const uint n ) { m_n=n; }
	uint n() { return m_n; }
	double v; // Voltage on node. This is set from the last calculated voltage.
	bool isGround; // True for ground nodes. Obviously, you should ignore n and v if this is true
private:
	uint m_n; // CNode number
};

class CBranch
{
public:
	CBranch();
	void set_n( const uint n ) { m_n=n; }
	uint n() { return m_n; }
	double i; // Current flowing through branch. This is set from the last calculated current.
private:
	uint m_n; // CBranch number
};

const int MAX_CNODES = 4;

// Default node number that represents no node (remember that
// Ground node is -1, and the rest are numbered from 0 to n-1
const int noCNode = -2;
// Likewise for branch (although there is no "ground" branch;
// it is merely -2 for likeness with noCNode)
const int noBranch = -2;

/**
@short Represents a circuit element (such as resistance)
@author David Saxton
*/
class Element
{
public:
	enum Type
	{
		Element_BJT,
		Element_Capacitance,
		Element_CCCS,
		Element_CCVS,
		Element_CurrentSignal,
		Element_CurrentSource,
		Element_Diode,
		Element_Inductance,
		Element_LogicIn,
		Element_LogicOut,
		Element_OpAmp,
		Element_Resistance,
		Element_VCCS,
		Element_VCVS,
		Element_VoltagePoint,
		Element_VoltageSignal,
		Element_VoltageSource
	};
	
	Element();
	virtual ~Element();
	/**
	 * This must be called when the circuit is changed. The function will get
	 * all the required pointers from ElementSet
	 */
	virtual void setElementSet( ElementSet *c );
	/**
	 * Returns a pointer to the current element set
	 */
	ElementSet *elementSet() { return p_eSet; }
	/**
	 * Tells the element which nodes to use. Remember that -1 is ground. You
	 * should refer to the individual elements for which nodes are used for what.
	 */
	void setCNodes( const int n0 = noCNode, const int n1 = noCNode, const int n2 = noCNode, const int n3 = noCNode );
	/**
	 * Tells the element it's branch numbers (if it should have one). Not
	 * all elements use this.
	 */
	void setCBranches( const int b0 = noBranch, const int b1 = noBranch, const int b2 = noBranch, const int b3 = noBranch );
	/**
	 * Returns a pointer to the given CNode
	 */
	CNode *cnode( const uint num ) { return p_cnode[num]; }
	/**
	 * Returns a pointer to the given CNode
	 */
	CBranch *cbranch( const uint num ) { return p_cbranch[num]; }
	/**
	 * Returns the number of branches used by the element
	 */
	int numCBranches() { return m_numCBranches; }
	/**
	 * Returns the number of circuit nodes used by the element
	 */
	int numCNodes() { return m_numCNodes; }
	/**
	 * Call this function to tell the element to calculate the
	 * current flowing *into* it's cnodes *from* the element. You
	 * can get the currents with m_cnodeI. Child class must implement this function.
	 */
	virtual void updateCurrents() = 0;
	/**
	 * Returns true for reactive elements that need stepping for numerical-integration
	 * (such as capacitors)
	 */
	virtual bool isReactive() { return false; }
	/**
	 * Returns true for NonLinear elements that need iteration to converge to a solution
	 * as the matrix A is a function of x.
	 */
	virtual bool isNonLinear() { return false; }
	/**
	 * Returns the type of element
	 */
	virtual Type type() const = 0;
	/**
	 * Call this function to tell the element to add its map to the matrix in use
	 */
	virtual void add_map() {};
	/**
	 * Does the required MNA stuff. This should be called from ElementSet when necessary.
	 */
	virtual void add_initial_dc() = 0;
	/**
	 * This is called from the Component destructor. When elementSetDeleted has
	 * also been called, this class will delete itself.
	 */
	 void componentDeleted();
	 void elementSetDeleted();
	
	double m_cnodeI[8]; ///< Current flowing into the cnodes from the element
	double cbranchCurrent( const int branch );
	double cnodeVoltage( const int node );
	
protected:
	/**
	 * Resets all calculated currents in the nodes to 0
	 */
	void resetCurrents();
	
	inline double & A_g( uint i, uint j );
	inline double & A_b( uint i, uint j );
	inline double & A_c( uint i, uint j );
	inline double & A_d( uint i, uint j );
	
	inline double & b_i( uint i );
	inline double & b_v( uint i );
	
	ElementSet *p_eSet;
	Matrix *p_A;
	Vector *p_b;
	CNode *p_cnode[MAX_CNODES];
	CBranch *p_cbranch[4];
	
	/**
	 * True when the element can do add_initial_dc(), i.e. when it has
	 * pointers to the circuit, and at least one of its nodes is not ground.
	 */
	bool b_status;
	/**
	 * Update the status, returning b_status
	 */
	virtual bool updateStatus();
	/**
	 * Set by child class - the number of branches that the element uses
	 * Typically, this is 0, but could be 1 (e.g. independent voltage source)
	 * or 2 (e.g. cccs)
	 */
	int m_numCBranches;
	/**
	 * Set by child class - the number of circuit nodes that the element uses
	 */
	int m_numCNodes;
	
private:
	bool b_componentDeleted;
	bool b_eSetDeleted; 
	double m_temp;
};


double & Element::A_g( uint i, uint j )
{
	if ( p_cnode[i]->isGround || p_cnode[j]->isGround )
		return m_temp;
	return p_A->g( p_cnode[i]->n(), p_cnode[j]->n() );
}


double & Element::A_b( uint i, uint j )
{
	if ( p_cnode[i]->isGround )
		return m_temp;
	return p_A->b( p_cnode[i]->n(), p_cbranch[j]->n() );
}


double & Element::A_c( uint i, uint j )
{
	if ( p_cnode[j]->isGround )
		return m_temp;
	return p_A->c( p_cbranch[i]->n(), p_cnode[j]->n() );
}


double & Element::A_d( uint i, uint j )
{
	return p_A->d( p_cbranch[i]->n(), p_cbranch[j]->n() );
}



double & Element::b_i( uint i )
{
	if ( p_cnode[i]->isGround )
		return m_temp;
	
	return (*p_b)[ p_cnode[i]->n() ];
}


double & Element::b_v( uint i )
{
	return (*p_b)[ p_eSet->cnodeCount() + p_cbranch[i]->n() ];
}

#endif