What about using builtin symbols defined by the compiler (gcc)
itself. For example on Alpha I have :

lappa{bussat}(74) echo 'main(){printf("hello world\n";}' |gcc -E -v -
Reading specs from /usr/local/lib/gcc-lib/alpha-dec-osf4.0/2.7.2.3/specs
gcc version 2.7.2.3
 /usr/local/lib/gcc-lib/alpha-dec-osf4.0/2.7.2.3/cpp -lang-c -v -undef
-D__GNUC__=2 -D__GNUC_MINOR__=7 -Dunix -D__osf__ -D__alpha -D__alpha__
-D_LONGLONG -DSYSTYPE_BSD -D_SYSTYPE_BSD -D__unix__ -D__osf__ -D__alpha
-D__alpha__ -D_LONGLONG -D__SYSTYPE_BSD__ -D_SYSTYPE_BSD -D__unix
-D__SYSTYPE_BSD -Asystem(unix) -Asystem(xpg4) -Acpu(alpha)
-Amachine(alpha) -D__LANGUAGE_C__ -D__LANGUAGE_C -DLANGUAGE_C -
GNU CPP version 2.7.2.3
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 /usr/local/include
 /usr/local/alpha-dec-osf4.0/include
 /usr/local/lib/gcc-lib/alpha-dec-osf4.0/2.7.2.3/include
 /usr/include
End of search list.
# 1 ""
main(){printf("hello world\n";}

On HP, this becomes :
bussat [21] echo 'main(){printf("hello world\n";}' |gcc -E -v -
Reading specs from
/opt/gcc/lib/gcc-lib/hppa1.1-hp-hpux10.10/2.7.2.2/specs
gcc version 2.7.2.2
 /opt/gcc/lib/gcc-lib/hppa1.1-hp-hpux10.10/2.7.2.2/cpp -lang-c -v -undef
-D__GNUC__=2 -D__GNUC_MINOR__=7 -Dhppa -Dhp9000s800 -D__hp9000s800
-Dhp9k8 -DPWB -Dhpux -Dunix -D_HPUX_SOURCE -D__hppa__ -D__hp9000s800__
-D__hp9000s800 -D__hp9k8__ -D__PWB__ -D__hpux__ -D__unix__
-D_HPUX_SOURCE -D__hppa -D__hp9000s800 -D__hp9k8 -D__PWB -D__hpux
-D__unix -Asystem(unix) -Asystem(hpux) -Acpu(hppa) -Amachine(hppa)
-D__hp9000s700 -D_PA_RISC1_1 -
GNU CPP version 2.7.2.2 (hppa)
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 /opt/gcc/include
 /opt/gcc/hppa1.1-hp-hpux10.10/include
 /opt/gcc/lib/gcc-lib/hppa1.1-hp-hpux10.10/2.7.2.2/include
 /usr/include
End of search list.
# 1 ""
main(){printf("hello world
";}

On Sun Solaris2.5 I found
lappsun8{bussat}[1]: echo 'main(){printf("hello world\n";}' |gcc -E -v -
Reading specs from
/opt/FSFgcc/lib/gcc-lib/sparc-sun-solaris2.5/2.7.2/specs
gcc version 2.7.2
 /opt/FSFgcc/lib/gcc-lib/sparc-sun-solaris2.5/2.7.2/cpp -lang-c -v
-undef -D__GNUC__=2 -D__GNUC_MINOR__=7 -Dsun -Dsparc -Dunix -D__svr4__
-D__SVR4 -D__GCC_NEW_VARARGS__ -D__sun__ -D__sparc__ -D__unix__
-D__svr4__ -D__SVR4 -D__GCC_NEW_VARARGS__ -D__sun -D__sparc -D__unix
-Asystem(unix) -Asystem(svr4) -Acpu(sparc) -Amachine(sparc) -
GNU CPP version 2.7.2 (sparc)
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 /usr/local/include
 /opt/FSFgcc/sparc-sun-solaris2.5/include
 /opt/FSFgcc/lib/gcc-lib/sparc-sun-solaris2.5/2.7.2/include
 /usr/include
End of search list.
# 1 ""
main(){printf("hello world
";}

Finally, on Sun with SunOS4.1 the results are :
lappsun1{bussat}[1]:  echo 'main(){printf("hello world\n";}' |gcc -E -v
-
Reading specs from
/usr/local/lib/gcc-lib/sparc-sun-sunos4.1.3_U1/2.6.0/specs
gcc version 2.6.0
 /usr/local/lib/gcc-lib/sparc-sun-sunos4.1.3_U1/2.6.0/cpp -lang-c -v
-undef -D__GNUC__=2 -D__GNUC_MINOR__=6 -Dsparc -Dsun -Dunix
-D__GCC_NEW_VARARGS__ -D__sparc__ -D__sun__ -D__unix__
-D__GCC_NEW_VARARGS__ -D__sparc -D__sun -D__unix -Asystem(unix)
-Asystem(bsd) -Acpu(sparc) -Amachine(sparc) -
GNU CPP version 2.6.0 (sparc)
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 /usr/local/include
 /usr/local/sparc-sun-sunos4.1.3_U1/include
 /usr/local/lib/gcc-lib/sparc-sun-sunos4.1.3_U1/2.6.0/include
 /usr/include
End of search list.
# 1 ""
main(){printf("hello world
";}

on a Linux box there is:
mike@kermit:/home/mike > echo 'main(){printf("hello world\n";}' |gcc -E -v -
Reading specs from /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i486-linux/2.7.2.1/specs
gcc version 2.7.2.1
 /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i486-linux/2.7.2.1/cpp -lang-c -v -undef -D__GNUC__=2 
-D__GNUC_MINOR__=7 -D__ELF__ -Dunix -Di386 -Dlinux -D__ELF__ -D__unix__
-D__i386__ -D__linux__ -D__unix -D__i386 -D__linux -Asystem(unix)
-Asystem(posix) -Acpu(i386) -Amachine(i386) -D__i486__ - GNU CPP version
2.7.2.1 (i386 Linux/ELF) #include "..." search starts here: #include <...>
search starts here:  /usr/local/include
 /usr/i486-linux/include
 /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i486-linux/2.7.2.1/include
 /usr/include
End of search list.
# 1 ""
main(){printf("hello world\n";}                     

on digital UNIX V3.2D-1 there is
mkropfbe@edusrv(1)$  echo 'main(){printf("hello world\n";}' |gcc -E -v -
Reading specs from /usr/local/lib/gcc-lib/alpha-dec-osf3.2/2.7.2/specs
gcc version 2.7.2
 /usr/local/lib/gcc-lib/alpha-dec-osf3.2/2.7.2/cpp -lang-c -v -undef 
-D__GNUC__=2 -D__GNUC_MINOR__=7 -Dunix -D__osf__ -D__alpha -D__alpha__
-D_LONGLONG -DSYSTYPE_BSD -D_SYSTYPE_BSD -D__unix__ -D__osf__ -D__alpha
-D__alpha__ -D_LONGLONG -D__SYSTYPE_BSD__ -D_SYSTYPE_BSD -D__unix
-D__SYSTYPE_BSD -Asystem(unix) -Asystem(xpg4) -Acpu(alpha) -Amachine(alpha)
-D__LANGUAGE_C__ -D__LANGUAGE_C -DLANGUAGE_C - GNU CPP version 2.7.2 #include
"..." search starts here: #include <...> search starts here: 
/usr/local/include  /usr/local/alpha-dec-osf3.2/include 
/usr/local/lib/gcc-lib/alpha-dec-osf3.2/2.7.2/include  /usr/include
End of search list.
# 1 ""
main(){printf("hello world\n";}