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+<?xml version="1.0"?>
+<!--
+The data for the isotopes is taken from:
+Lexikon der Physik, 2000 Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag GmbH
+D. Mende und G. Simon, Physik - Gleichungen und Tabellen, 13. Auflage, 2001 Fachbuchverlag Leipzig
+-->
+<!DOCTYPE kalzium SYSTEM "data.dtd">
+<kalzium>
+ <element>
+ <number>1</number>
+ <name origin="Greek 'hydro' and 'gennao' for 'forms water'">Hydrogen</name>
+ <symbol>H</symbol>
+ <period>1</period>
+ <spectra>
+ <spectrum intensity="50" wavelength="949.7430" aki="0.34375" energy1="0.0000" energy2="105291.6443" electronconfig1="1s" electronconfig2="5p" term1="2S" term2="2P&deg;" J1="1/2" J2="1/2.3/2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="972.5367" aki="0.6819" energy1="0.0000" energy2="102823.8791" electronconfig1="1s" electronconfig2="4p" term1="2S" term2="2P&deg;" J1="1/2" J2="1/2.3/2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="1025.7222" aki="1.6725" energy1="0.0000" energy2="97492.2835" electronconfig1="1s" electronconfig2="3p" term1="2S" term2="2P&deg;" J1="1/2" J2="1/2.3/2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="1215.66824" aki="6.2648" energy1="0.0000" energy2="82259.2850" electronconfig1="1s" electronconfig2="2p" term1="2S" term2="2P&deg;" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="1215.67364" aki="6.2649" energy1="0.0000" energy2="82258.9191" electronconfig1="1s" electronconfig2="2p" term1="2S" term2="2P&deg;" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="30" wavelength="4861.2786" aki="0.1719" energy1="82258.9191" energy2="102823.8942" electronconfig1="2p" electronconfig2="4d" term1="2P&deg;" term2="2D" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="10" wavelength="4861.2870" aki="0.0967" energy1="82258.9544" energy2="102823.8943" electronconfig1="2s" electronconfig2="4p" term1="2S" term2="2P&deg;" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="60" wavelength="4861.3615" aki="0.2063" energy1="82259.2850" energy2="102823.9095" electronconfig1="2p" electronconfig2="4d" term1="2P&deg;" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="90" wavelength="6562.7110" aki="0.5388" energy1="82258.9191" energy2="97492.3195" electronconfig1="2p" electronconfig2="3d" term1="2P&deg;" term2="2D" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="30" wavelength="6562.7248" aki="0.2245" energy1="82258.9544" energy2="97492.3196" electronconfig1="2s" electronconfig2="3p" term1="2S" term2="2P&deg;" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
+ </spectra>
+ <mass>1.00794</mass>
+ <block>s</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>1</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="C. Cavendish">1766</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning></biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>1</group>
+ <electronaffinity>-73</electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>2.1</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>13.81</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>20.28</boilingpoint>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2+" magmoment="+2.792846" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="1.007825" neutron="0" percentage="99.985" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1+" magmoment="+0.857438" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="2.0141" neutron="1" percentage="0.015" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.01861" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2+" magmoment="+2.978960" halflife="12.3" halflifeformat="years" weight="3.016049" neutron="2" pecentage="" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <density>0.084</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>13.598</energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>37.3</covalent>
+ <atomic>25</atomic>
+ <vdw>120</vdw>
+ <bondxx>74.130</bondxx>
+ <ionic charge="-1">208</ionic>
+ </radius>
+ <orbits>1s1</orbits>
+ <oxydation>+1.(-1)</oxydation>
+ <family>Non-Metal</family>
+ <abundance>1520</abundance>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>2</number>
+ <name origin="The Greek word for the sun was 'helios'">Helium</name>
+ <symbol>He</symbol>
+ <period>1</period>
+ <spectra>
+ <spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="522.21309" aki="2.4356" energy1="0.000" energy2="191492.7120" electronconfig1="1s2" electronconfig2="1s4p" term1="1S" term2="1P&deg;" J1="0" J2="1" />
+ <spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="537.02992" aki="5.6634" energy1="0.000" energy2="186209.3651" electronconfig1="1s2" electronconfig2="1s3p" term1="1S" term2="1P&deg;" J1="0" J2="1" />
+ <spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="584.33436" aki="17.989" energy1="0.000" energy2="171134.8970" electronconfig1="1s2" electronconfig2="1s2p" term1="1S" term2="1P&deg;" J1="0" J2="1" />
+ <spectrum intensity="60" wavelength="3888.6046" aki="0.0947" energy1="159855.9745" energy2="185564.8547" electronconfig1="1s2s" electronconfig2="1s3p" term1="3S" term2="3P&deg;" J1="1" J2="0" />
+ <spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="3888.6456" aki="0.0947" energy1="159855.9745" energy2="185564.5840" electronconfig1="1s2s" electronconfig2="1s3p" term1="3S" term2="3P&deg;" J1="1" J2="1" />
+ <spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="3888.6489" aki="0.0947" energy1="159855.9745" energy2="185564.5620" electronconfig1="1s2s" electronconfig2="1s3p" term1="3S" term2="3P&deg;" J1="1" J2="2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="5875.6148" aki="0.7070" energy1="169086.7666" energy2="186101.5463" electronconfig1="1s2p" electronconfig2="1s3d" term1="3P&deg;" term2="3D" J1="2" J2="3" />
+ <spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="5875.6404" aki="0.5303" energy1="169086.8430" energy2="186101.5488" electronconfig1="1s2p" electronconfig2="1s3d" term1="3P&deg;" term2="3D" J1="1" J2="2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="120" wavelength="5875.9663" aki="0.3927" energy1="169087.8309" energy2="186101.5930" electronconfig1="1s2p" electronconfig2="1s3d" term1="3P&deg;" term2="3D" J1="0" J2="1" />
+ <spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="6678.1517" aki="0.6369" energy1="171134.8970" energy2="186104.9668" electronconfig1="1s2p" electronconfig2="1s3d" term1="1P&deg;" term2="1D" J1="1" J2="2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="7065.1771" aki="0.1547" energy1="169086.7666" energy2="183236.7918" electronconfig1="1s2p" electronconfig2="1s3s" term1="3P&deg;" term2="3S" J1="2" J2="1" />
+ <spectrum intensity="60" wavelength="7065.2153" aki="0.0928" energy1="169086.8430" energy2="183236.7918" electronconfig1="1s2p" electronconfig2="1s3s" term1="3P&deg;" term2="3S" J1="1" J2="1" />
+ <spectrum intensity="20" wavelength="7065.7086" aki="0.0309" energy1="169087.8309" energy2="183236.7918" electronconfig1="1s2p" electronconfig2="1s3s" term1="3P&deg;" term2="3S" J1="0" J2="1" />
+ <spectrum intensity="50" wavelength="7281.3507" aki="0.1830" energy1="171134.8970" energy2="184864.8294" electronconfig1="1s2p" electronconfig2="1s3s" term1="1P&deg;" term2="1S" J1="1" J2="0" />
+ <spectrum intensity="150" wavelength="10829.0911" aki="0.1022" energy1="159855.9745" energy2="169087.8309" electronconfig1="1s2s" electronconfig2="1s2p" term1="3S" term2="3P&deg;" J1="1" J2="0" />
+ <spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="10830.2501" aki="0.1021" energy1="159855.9745" energy2="169086.8430" electronconfig1="1s2s" electronconfig2="1s2p" term1="3S" term2="3P&deg;" J1="1" J2="1" />
+ <spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="10830.3398" aki="0.1021" energy1="159855.9745" energy2="169086.7666" electronconfig1="1s2s" electronconfig2="1s2p" term1="3S" term2="3P&deg;" J1="1" J2="2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="20581.287" aki="0.0197" energy1="166277.4403" energy2="171134.8970" electronconfig1="1s2s" electronconfig2="1s2p" term1="1S" term2="1P&deg;" J1="0" J2="1" />
+ </spectra>
+ <mass>4.002602</mass>
+ <block>p</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>1</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="P. J. Janssen. J. N. Lockyer">1895</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>8</group>
+ <electronaffinity>21</electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity></electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>0.95</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>4.216</boilingpoint>
+ <density>0.1785</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>24.587 </energy>
+ <energy>54.417</energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>32</covalent>
+ <atomic>31</atomic>
+ <vdw>140</vdw>
+ <bondxx>300</bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <orbits>1s2</orbits>
+ <oxydation>0</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" halflife="" spin="1/2+" magmoment="-2.127624" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="3.01603" neutron="1" percentage="0.000138" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="4.0026" neutron="2" percentage="99.999862" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Noblegas</family>
+ <crystalstructure>hcp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>3</number>
+ <name origin="Greek 'lithos' means 'stone'">Lithium</name>
+ <symbol>Li</symbol>
+ <period>2</period>
+ <mass>6.941</mass>
+ <block>s</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <spectra>
+ <spectrum intensity="15" wavelength="4602.831" aki="0.223" energy1="14903.622" energy2="36623.297" electronconfig1="2p" electronconfig2="4d" term1="2P&deg;" term2="2D" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="30" wavelength="4602.898" aki="0.223" energy1="14903.957" energy2="36623.312" electronconfig1="2p" electronconfig2="4d" term1="2P&deg;" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="6103.542" aki="0.686" energy1="14903.622" energy2="31283.018" electronconfig1="2p" electronconfig2="3d" term1="2P&deg;" term2="2D" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="6103.654" aki="0.686" energy1="14903.957" energy2="31283.053" electronconfig1="2p" electronconfig2="3d" term1="2P&deg;" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="6707.775" aki="0.369" energy1="0.000" energy2="14903.957" electronconfig1="2s" electronconfig2="2p" term1="2S" term2="2P&deg;" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="6707.926" aki="0.369" energy1="0.000" energy2="14903.622" electronconfig1="2s" electronconfig2="2p" term1="2S" term2="2P&deg;" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="150" wavelength="8126.232" aki="0.349" energy1="14903.622" energy2="27206.066" electronconfig1="2p" electronconfig2="3s" term1="2P&deg;" term2="2S" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="8126.453" aki="0.349" energy1="14903.957" energy2="27206.066" electronconfig1="2p" electronconfig2="3s" term1="2P&deg;" term2="2S" J1="3/2" J2="1/2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="10" wavelength="26877.67" aki="0.038" energy1="27206.066" energy2="30925.613" electronconfig1="3s" electronconfig2="3p" term1="2S" term2="2P&deg;" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="5" wavelength="26878.36" aki="0.038" energy1="27206.066" energy2="30925.517" electronconfig1="3s" electronconfig2="3p" term1="2S" term2="2P&deg;" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
+ </spectra>
+ <date scientist="A. Arfvedson">1817</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>5</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>1</group>
+ <electronaffinity>-60</electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>0.98</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>453.7</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>1615</boilingpoint>
+ <density>0.53</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>5.392 </energy>
+ <energy>75.980</energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>134</covalent>
+ <atomic>145</atomic>
+ <vdw>182</vdw>
+ <bondxx>303.9</bondxx>
+ <ionic charge="+1">74</ionic>
+ </radius>
+ <orbits>1s2 2s1</orbits>
+ <oxydation>+1</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1+" magmoment="+0.822056" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="6.015121" neutron="3" percentage="7.5" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="+3.25644" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="7.016003" neutron="4" percentage="92.5" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Alkali_Earth</family>
+ <crystalstructure>bcc</crystalstructure>
+ <abundance>18</abundance>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>4</number>
+ <name origin="Greek 'beryllos' for 'light-green stone'">Beryllium</name>
+ <symbol>Be</symbol>
+ <period>2</period>
+ <mass>9.012182</mass>
+ <block>s</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
+ <aggregation>0 </aggregation>
+ <date scientist="">1798</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>3</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>2</group>
+ <electronaffinity>19</electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>1.57</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>1560</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>3243</boilingpoint>
+ <density>1.85</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>9.322 </energy>
+ <energy>18.211</energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>90</covalent>
+ <atomic>105</atomic>
+ <bondxx>222.6</bondxx>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <ionic charge="+2">35</ionic>
+ </radius>
+ <orbits>1s2 2s2</orbits>
+ <oxydation>+2</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="0.862" spin="3/2-" magmoment="" halflife="4611168" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="7.0169" neutron="3" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="-1.1776" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="9.012182" neutron="5" percentage="100" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.555" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="" halflife="1600000" halflifeformat="years" weight="10.01354" neutron="6" percentage="" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Alkaline_Earth</family>
+ <crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
+ <abundance>2</abundance>
+ <spectra>
+ <spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="1661.478" aki="0.0726" energy1="0.000" energy2="60187.34" electronconfig1="2s2" electronconfig2="2s3p" term1="1S" term2="1P&deg;" J1="0" J2="1" />
+ <spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="2348.610" aki="5.53" energy1="0.000" energy2="42565.35" electronconfig1="2s2" electronconfig2="2s2p" term1="1S" term2="1P&deg;" J1="0" J2="1" />
+ <spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="2494.728" aki="1.6" energy1="21981.27" energy2="62053.72" electronconfig1="2s2p" electronconfig2="2s3d" term1="3P&deg;" term2="3D" J1="2" J2="1.2.3" />
+ <spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="2650.454" aki="4.24*" energy1="21978.925" energy2="59697.08" electronconfig1="2s2p" electronconfig2="2p2" term1="3P&deg;" term2="3P" J1="1" J2="2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="60" wavelength="2650.550" aki="4.24*" energy1="21978.28" energy2="59695.07" electronconfig1="2s2p" electronconfig2="2p2" term1="3P&deg;" term2="3P" J1="0" J2="1" />
+ <spectrum intensity="200*" wavelength="2650.613" aki="4.24*" energy1="21978.925" energy2="59695.07" electronconfig1="2s2p" electronconfig2="2p2" term1="3P&deg;" term2="3P" J1="1" J2="1" />
+ <spectrum intensity="200*" wavelength="2650.619" aki="4.24*" energy1="21981.27" energy2="59697.08" electronconfig1="2s2p" electronconfig2="2p2" term1="3P&deg;" term2="3P" J1="2" J2="2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="60" wavelength="2650.694" aki="4.24*" energy1="21978.925" energy2="59693.65" electronconfig1="2s2p" electronconfig2="2p2" term1="3P&deg;" term2="3P" J1="1" J2="0" />
+ <spectrum intensity="100" wavelength="2650.760" aki="4.24*" energy1="21981.27" energy2="59695.07" electronconfig1="2s2p" electronconfig2="2p2" term1="3P&deg;" term2="3P" J1="2" J2="1" />
+ <spectrum intensity="12" wavelength="4572.664" aki="0.79" energy1="42565.35" energy2="64428.31" electronconfig1="2s2p" electronconfig2="2s3d" term1="1P&deg;" term2="1D" J1="1" J2="2" />
+ </spectra>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>5</number>
+ <name origin="Boron means 'Bor(ax) + (carb)on'. It is found in borax and behaves a lot like carbon">Boron</name>
+ <symbol>B</symbol>
+ <period>2</period>
+ <mass>10.811</mass>
+ <block>p</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>3</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac. Louis Jacques Thenard">1808 </date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>3</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>3</group>
+ <electronaffinity>-27</electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>2.04</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>2365</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>4275</boilingpoint>
+ <density>2.46</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>8.298 </energy>
+ <energy>25.154</energy>
+ <energy>37.9</energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <spectra>
+ <spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="1825.894" aki="1.70" energy1="0.000" energy2="54767.698" electronconfig1="2s22p" electronconfig2="2s23d" term1="2P&deg;" term2="2D" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="1826.400" aki="2.04" energy1="15.287" energy2="54767.844" electronconfig1="2s22p" electronconfig2="2s23d" term1="2P&deg;" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="2088.889" aki="0.361" energy1="0.000" energy2="47857.127" electronconfig1="2s22p" electronconfig2="2s2p2" term1="2P&deg;" term2="2D" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="2089.570" aki="0.432" energy1="15.287" energy2="47856.807" electronconfig1="2s22p" electronconfig2="2s2p2" term1="2P&deg;" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="2496.769" aki="0.837" energy1="0.000" energy2="40039.695" electronconfig1="2s22p" electronconfig2="2s23s" term1="2P&deg;" term2="2S" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="2497.722" aki="1.67" energy1="15.287" energy2="40039.695" electronconfig1="2s22p" electronconfig2="2s23s" term1="2P&deg;" term2="2S" J1="3/2" J2="1/2" />
+ </spectra>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>82</covalent>
+ <atomic>85</atomic>
+ <bondxx>158.9</bondxx>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <ionic charge="+3">23</ionic>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>9</abundance>
+ <orbits>1s2 2s2 2p1</orbits>
+ <oxydation>+3</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3+" magmoment="+1.80065" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="10.0129" neutron="5" percentage="19.9" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="+2.688637" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="11.009305" neutron="6" percentage="80.1" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Metalloids</family>
+ <crystalstructure>rh</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>6</number>
+ <name origin="Latin 'carboneum' for carbon">Carbon</name>
+ <symbol>C</symbol>
+ <period>2</period>
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+ <oxydation>-3.(+1.+3).+5</oxydation>
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+ <family>Non-Metal</family>
+ <crystalstructure>sc</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>16</number>
+ <name origin="In sankskrit 'sweb' means 'to sleep'">Sulfur</name>
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+ </spectra>
+ <block>d</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="L. Nilson">1879</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>3</group>
+ <electronaffinity>-18</electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>1.36</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>1814</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>3109</boilingpoint>
+ <density>2.99</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>6.54 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>144</covalent>
+ <atomic>160.6</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ </radius>
+ <orbits>Ar 3d1 4s2</orbits>
+ <oxydation>+3</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2-" magmoment="+4.756483" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="44.95591" neutron="24" percentage="100" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="2.367" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="4+" magmoment="" halflife="7241184" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="45.95517" neutron="25" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.601" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2-" magmoment="" halflife="289008" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="46.95241" neutron="26" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="4.0" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="6+" magmoment="" halflife="157320" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="48.04776" neutron="27" percentage="" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ <crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>22</number>
+ <name origin="The Titans were giants in Greek mythology">Titanium</name>
+ <symbol>Ti</symbol>
+ <period>4</period>
+ <mass>47.867</mass>
+ <block>d</block>
+ <spectra>
+ <spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="3635.462" aki="0.909" energy1="0.000" energy2="27498.983" electronconfig1="3d24s2" electronconfig2="3d2(3F)4s4p(1P&deg;)" term1="a3F" term2="y3G&deg;" J1="2" J2="3" />
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+ <spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="3752.858" aki="0.581" energy1="386.875" energy2="27025.658" electronconfig1="3d24s2" electronconfig2="3d2(1D)4s4p(3P&deg;)" term1="a3F" term2="x3F&deg;" J1="4" J2="4" />
+ <spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="3948.670" aki="0.560" energy1="0.000" energy2="25317.815" electronconfig1="3d24s2" electronconfig2="3d3(4F)4p" term1="a3F" term2="y3D&deg;" J1="2" J2="1" />
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+ <spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="4305.907" aki="6842.965" energy1="3d3(4F)4s" energy2="3d3(4F)4p" electronconfig1="a5F" electronconfig2="x5D&deg;" term1="5" term2="4" J1="30060.338" J2="" />
+ <spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="4981.730" aki="0.660" energy1="6842.965" energy2="26910.712" electronconfig1="3d3(4F)4s" electronconfig2="3d3(4F)4p" term1="a5F" term2="y5G&deg;" J1="5" J2="6" />
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+ </spectra>
+ <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="W. Gregor">1791</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>4</group>
+ <electronaffinity>-8</electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>1.54</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>1935</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>3560</boilingpoint>
+ <density>4.51</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>6.82 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>144.8</covalent>
+ <atomic>140</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ </radius>
+ <orbits>Ar 3d2 4s2</orbits>
+ <oxydation>+4.+3</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="45.953" neutron="24" percentage="7.95" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2-" magmoment="-0.78848" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="46.952" neutron="25" percentage="7.75" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="47.948" neutron="26" percentage="73.45" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2-" magmoment="-1.10417" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="48.948" neutron="27" percentage="5.51" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="49.945" neutron="28" percentage="5.34" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ <crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>23</number>
+ <name origin="'Vanadis' is another name for the Nordic goddess Freyja">Vanadium</name>
+ <symbol>V</symbol>
+ <period>4</period>
+ <mass>50.9415</mass>
+ <block>d</block>
+ <spectra>
+ <spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="3183.412" aki="2.4" energy1="137.382" energy2="31541.147" electronconfig1="3d34s2" electronconfig2="3d3(4F)4s4p(1P&deg;)" term1="a4F" term2="x" J1="5/2" J2="4G&deg;" />
+ <spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="3183.992" aki="2.5" energy1="323.457" energy2="31721.708" electronconfig1="3d34s2" electronconfig2="3d3(4F)4s4p(1P&deg;)" term1="a4F" term2="x" J1="7/2" J2="4G&deg;" />
+ <spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="3185.385" aki="2.8" energy1="552.961" energy2="31937.266" electronconfig1="3d34s2" electronconfig2="3d3(4F)4s4p(1P&deg;)" term1="a4F" term2="x" J1="9/2" J2="4G&deg;" />
+ <spectrum intensity="300" wavelength="3703.574" aki="0.92" energy1="2424.783" energy2="29418.073" electronconfig1="3d4(5D)4s" electronconfig2="3d3(4P)4s4p(3P&deg;)" term1="a6D" term2="y" J1="9/2" J2="6P&deg;" />
+ <spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="3855.845" aki="0.578" energy1="552.961" energy2="26480.291" electronconfig1="3d34s2" electronconfig2="3d4(5D)4p" term1="a4F" term2="y" J1="9/2" J2="4D&deg;" />
+ <spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="3902.256" aki="0.268" energy1="552.961" energy2="26171.916" electronconfig1="3d34s2" electronconfig2="3d4(5D)4p" term1="a4F" term2="y" J1="9/2" J2="4F&deg;" />
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+ <spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="4408.501" aki="2153.207" energy1="3d4(5D)4s" energy2="3d4(5D)4p" electronconfig1="a6D" electronconfig2="y" term1="3/2" term2="6F&deg;" J1="24830.228" J2="3/2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="110" wavelength="6090.208" aki="0.26" energy1="8715.761" energy2="25131.005" electronconfig1="3d4(5D)4s" electronconfig2="3d4(5D)4p" term1="a4D" term2="z" J1="7/2" J2="4P&deg;" />
+ </spectra>
+ <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="N. Sefstr&#246;m">1830</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>4</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>5</group>
+ <electronaffinity>-51</electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>1.63</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>2163</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>3650</boilingpoint>
+ <density>6.09</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>6.74 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>125</covalent>
+ <atomic>135</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ </radius>
+ <orbits>Ar 3d3 4s2</orbits>
+ <oxydation>+5.(+2.+3.+4)</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="17.0" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="83" ecdecay="" spin="6+" magmoment="+3.34745" halflife="140000000000000000" halflifeformat="years" weight="49.93643" neutron="27" percentage="0.25" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2-" magmoment="+5.1574" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="50.94396" neutron="28" percentage="99.750" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ <crystalstructure>bcc</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>24</number>
+ <name origin="Greek 'chroma' means 'color'">Chromium</name>
+ <symbol>Cr</symbol>
+ <period>4</period>
+ <mass>51.9961</mass>
+ <spectra>
+ <spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="3578.682" aki="1.48" energy1="0.00" energy2="27935.26" electronconfig1="3d5(6S)4s" electronconfig2="3d4(5D)4s4p(3P&deg;)" term1="a7S" term2="y7P&deg;" J1="3" J2="4" />
+ <spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="3593.481" aki="1.50" energy1="0.00" energy2="27820.23" electronconfig1="3d5(6S)4s" electronconfig2="3d4(5D)4s4p(3P&deg;)" term1="a7S" term2="y7P&deg;" J1="3" J2="3" />
+ <spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="3605.320" aki="1.62" energy1="0.00" energy2="27728.87" electronconfig1="3d5(6S)4s" electronconfig2="3d4(5D)4s4p(3P&deg;)" term1="a7S" term2="y7P&deg;" J1="3" J2="2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="4254.331" aki="0.315" energy1="0.00" energy2="23498.84" electronconfig1="3d5(6S)4s" electronconfig2="3d5(6S)4p" term1="a7S" term2="z7P&deg;" J1="3" J2="4" />
+ <spectrum intensity="800" wavelength="4274.806" aki="0.307" energy1="0.00" energy2="23386.35" electronconfig1="3d5(6S)4s" electronconfig2="3d5(6S)4p" term1="a7S" term2="z7P&deg;" J1="3" J2="3" />
+ <spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="4289.733" aki="0.316" energy1="0.00" energy2="23305.01" electronconfig1="3d5(6S)4s" electronconfig2="3d5(6S)4p" term1="a7S" term2="z7P&deg;" J1="3" J2="2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="5204.505" aki="0.509" energy1="7593.16" energy2="26801.93" electronconfig1="3d5(6S)4s" electronconfig2="3d5(6S)4p" term1="a5S" term2="z5P&deg;" J1="2" J2="1" />
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+ <spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="5208.415" aki="0.506" energy1="7593.16" energy2="26787.50" electronconfig1="3d5(6S)4s" electronconfig2="3d5(6S)4p" term1="a5S" term2="z5P&deg;" J1="2" J2="3" />
+ </spectra>
+ <block>d</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="L. N. Vauquelin">1797</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>4</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>6</group>
+ <electronaffinity>-64</electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>1.66</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>2130</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>2945</boilingpoint>
+ <density>7.14</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>6.766</energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>124.9</covalent>
+ <atomic>140</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ </radius>
+ <orbits>Ar 3d5 4s1</orbits>
+ <oxydation>+2.+3.(+1.+4.+5).+6</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="49.946" neutron="26" percentage="4.35" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="51.94" neutron="28" percentage="83.79" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="-0.47454" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="52.941" neutron="29" percentage="9.50" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="53.939" neutron="30" percentage="2.36" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ <crystalstructure>bcc</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>25</number>
+ <name origin="It was discovered near a town named Magnesia in a black earth. Thus. it was named 'magnesia nigra'. short: Manganese">Manganese</name>
+ <symbol>Mn</symbol>
+ <period>4</period>
+ <mass>54.938049</mass>
+ <block>d</block>
+ <spectra>
+ <spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="1996.056" aki="0.77" energy1="0.00" energy2="50099.03" electronconfig1="3d54s2" electronconfig2="3d5(4P)4s4p(3P&deg;)" term1="a6S" term2="v6P&deg;" J1="5/2" J2="3/2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="1999.511" aki="0.76" energy1="0.00" energy2="50012.50" electronconfig1="3d54s2" electronconfig2="3d5(4P)4s4p(3P&deg;)" term1="a6S" term2="v6P&deg;" J1="5/2" J2="5/2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="700" wavelength="2003.849" aki="0.76" energy1="0.00" energy2="49888.01" electronconfig1="3d54s2" electronconfig2="3d5(4P)4s4p(3P&deg;)" term1="a6S" term2="v6P&deg;" J1="5/2" J2="7/2" />
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+ <spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="2798.270" aki="3.6" energy1="0.00" energy2="35725.85" electronconfig1="3d54s2" electronconfig2="3d5(6S)4s4p(1P&deg;)" term1="a6S" term2="y6P&deg;" J1="5/2" J2="5/2" />
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+ </spectra>
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+ <date scientist="C. W. Scheele">1774</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>1</biologicalmeaning>
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+ <energy>7.435</energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>139</covalent>
+ <atomic>140</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ </radius>
+ <orbits>Ar 3d5 4s2</orbits>
+ <oxydation>+2.+4.(+5).+6.+7</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
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+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ <crystalstructure>own</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>26</number>
+ <name origin="Latin 'ferrum'">Iron</name>
+ <symbol>Fe</symbol>
+ <spectra>
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+ <date scientist="">0</date>
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+ <energy>7.870 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
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+ <atomic>140</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ </radius>
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+ <oxydation>+2.+3</oxydation>
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+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ <crystalstructure>bcc</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>27</number>
+ <name origin="Named after the German word 'Kobold' for 'goblin'">Cobalt</name>
+ <symbol>Co</symbol>
+ <period>4</period>
+ <mass>58.933200</mass>
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+ </spectra>
+ <block>d</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="G. Brandt">1737</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>2</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>8</group>
+ <electronaffinity>-64</electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>1.88</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>1768</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>3143</boilingpoint>
+ <density>8.89</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>7.86 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>125.3</covalent>
+ <atomic>135</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ </radius>
+ <orbits>Ar 3d7 4s2</orbits>
+ <oxydation>+2.+3.(+4)</oxydation>
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+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ <crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>28</number>
+ <name origin="'Nickel' was the name of a mountain goblin">Nickel</name>
+ <symbol>Ni</symbol>
+ <period>4</period>
+ <mass>58.6934</mass>
+ <block>d</block>
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+ </spectra>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="A. F. Cronstedt">1751</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>4</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>8</group>
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+ <density>8.91</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>7.635 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>124.6</covalent>
+ <atomic>135</atomic>
+ <vdw>163</vdw>
+ </radius>
+ <orbits>Ar 3d8 4s2</orbits>
+ <oxydation>0.(+2).+3</oxydation>
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+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="57.935" neutron="30" percentage="67.8" />
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+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="63.928" neutron="36" percentage="1.1" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ <crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>29</number>
+ <name origin="Greek 'cuprum' for Cypres">Copper</name>
+ <symbol>Cu</symbol>
+ <period>4</period>
+ <mass>63.546</mass>
+ <spectra>
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+ </spectra>
+ <block>d</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="">0</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>1</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>1</group>
+ <electronaffinity>-118</electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>1.90</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>1356.6</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>2840</boilingpoint>
+ <density>8.92</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>7.726</energy>
+ <energy>19.579</energy>
+ <energy>35.55</energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>138</covalent>
+ <atomic>135</atomic>
+ <vdw>140</vdw>
+ </radius>
+ <orbits>Ar 3d10 4s1</orbits>
+ <oxydation>+1.+2</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="+2.2233" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="62.93" neutron="34" percentage="68.9" />
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+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="+2.3817" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="64.928" neutron="36" percentage="31.1" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ <crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>30</number>
+ <name origin="German 'zinking' for 'rough'. because zinc ore is very rough">Zinc</name>
+ <symbol>Zn</symbol>
+ <period>4</period>
+ <mass>65.39</mass>
+ <block>d</block>
+ <spectra>
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+ <spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="3273.96" aki="1.36" energy1="0.000" energy2="30535.302" electronconfig1="3d10(1S)4s" electronconfig2="3d10(1S)4p" term1="2S" term2="2P&deg;" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
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+ <spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="5153.24" aki="0.60" energy1="30535.302" energy2="49935.200" electronconfig1="3d10(1S)4p" electronconfig2="3d10(1S)4d" term1="2P&deg;" term2="2D" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="250" wavelength="5218.20" aki="0.75" energy1="30783.686" energy2="49942.057" electronconfig1="3d10(1S)4p" electronconfig2="3d10(1S)4d" term1="2P&deg;" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
+ </spectra>
+ <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="">1746</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>1</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>2</group>
+ <electronaffinity>47</electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>1.65</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>692.73</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>1180</boilingpoint>
+ <density>7.14</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>9.394 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>131</covalent>
+ <atomic>133.2</atomic>
+ <vdw>139</vdw>
+ </radius>
+ <orbits>Ar 3d10 4s2</orbits>
+ <oxydation>+2</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="63.929" neutron="34" percentage="48.9" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="98.0" betaplusdecay="1.352" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="1.5" ecdecay="" spin="5/2-" magmoment="+0.7690" halflife="21072960" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="64.92924" neutron="35" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="65.926" neutron="36" percentage="27.82" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2-" magmoment="+0.87515" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="66.927" neutron="37" percentage="4.16" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="67.925" neutron="38" percentage="18.5" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="69.925" neutron="40" percentage="0.62" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ <crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>31</number>
+ <name origin="'Gallia' is an old name for France">Gallium</name>
+ <symbol>Ga</symbol>
+ <period>4</period>
+ <mass>69.723</mass>
+ <block>p</block>
+ <spectra>
+ <spectrum intensity="400" wavelength="2874.235" aki="1.17" energy1="0.000" energy2="34781.66" electronconfig1="4s24p" electronconfig2="4s24d" term1="2P&deg;" term2="2D" J1="1/2" J2="3/2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="600" wavelength="2943.636" aki="1.34" energy1="826.19" energy2="34787.85" electronconfig1="4s24p" electronconfig2="4s24d" term1="2P&deg;" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="5/2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="2944.173" aki="0.261" energy1="826.19" energy2="34781.66" electronconfig1="4s24p" electronconfig2="4s24d" term1="2P&deg;" term2="2D" J1="3/2" J2="3/2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="500" wavelength="4032.984" aki="0.485" energy1="0.000" energy2="24788.530" electronconfig1="4s24p" electronconfig2="4s25s" term1="2P&deg;" term2="2S" J1="1/2" J2="1/2" />
+ <spectrum intensity="1000" wavelength="4172.042" aki="0.945" energy1="826.19" energy2="24788.530" electronconfig1="4s24p" electronconfig2="4s25s" term1="2P&deg;" term2="2S" J1="3/2" J2="1/2" />
+ </spectra>
+ <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="P. E. Lecoq de Boisbaudran">1875</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>3</group>
+ <electronaffinity>-29</electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>1.81</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>302.92</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>2478</boilingpoint>
+ <density>5.91</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>5.999</energy>
+ <energy>20.5</energy>
+ <energy>30.7</energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>126</covalent>
+ <atomic>130</atomic>
+ <vdw>187</vdw>
+ </radius>
+ <orbits>Ar 3d10 4s2 4p1</orbits>
+ <oxydation>(+1).(+2).+3</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="+2.01659" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="68.926" neutron="38" percentage="60.1" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="2.56227" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="70.925" neutron="40" percentage="39.9" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Other_Metal</family>
+ <crystalstructure>own</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>32</number>
+ <name origin="Latin 'germania' is an old name for Germany">Germanium</name>
+ <symbol>Ge</symbol>
+ <period>4</period>
+ <mass>72.64</mass>
+ <block>p</block>
+ <spectra>
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+ <spectrum intensity="200" wavelength="1998.887" aki="1.24" energy1="1409.9609" energy2="51437.802" electronconfig1="4s24p2" electronconfig2="4s24p4d" term1="3P" term2="3P&deg;" J1="2" J2="2" />
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+ </spectra>
+ <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="C. A. Winkler">1886</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>4</group>
+ <electronaffinity>-116</electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>2.01</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>1211.5</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>3107</boilingpoint>
+ <density>5.32</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>7.899 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>122.5</covalent>
+ <atomic>125</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ </radius>
+ <orbits>Ar 3d10 4s2 4p2</orbits>
+ <oxydation>+4.(+2)</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="69.924" neutron="38" percentage="20.6" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="71.922" neutron="40" percentage="27.4" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="9/2+" magmoment="-0.879467" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="72.923" neutron="41" percentage="7.8" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="73.921" neutron="42" percentage="36.4" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="75.921" neutron="44" percentage="7.8" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Metalloids</family>
+ <crystalstructure>d</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>33</number>
+ <name origin="Greek 'arsenikos' for 'male' or 'bold'">Arsenic</name>
+ <symbol>As</symbol>
+ <period>4</period>
+ <mass>74.92160</mass>
+ <block>p</block>
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+ <density>5.72</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>9.81 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
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+ <atomic>115</atomic>
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+ <ionic charge="+5">46</ionic>
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+ <oxydation>(-3).+3.(+5)</oxydation>
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+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Metalloids</family>
+ <crystalstructure>rh</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>34</number>
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+ <symbol>Se</symbol>
+ <period>4</period>
+ <mass>78.96</mass>
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+ <date scientist="J. J. Berzelius">1817</date>
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+ <atomic>115</atomic>
+ <vdw>190</vdw>
+ <ionic charge="-2">202</ionic>
+ </radius>
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+ <oxydation>(-2).+4.(+6)</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
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+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="81.917" neutron="48" percentage="9.3" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Non-Metal</family>
+ <crystalstructure>hcp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>35</number>
+ <name origin="Greek 'bromos' for 'smells badly'">Bromine</name>
+ <symbol>Br</symbol>
+ <period>4</period>
+ <mass>79.904</mass>
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+ <energy>11.814 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>114.5</covalent>
+ <atomic>115</atomic>
+ <vdw>185</vdw>
+ </radius>
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+ <oxydation>-1.(+1.+5.+7)</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="+2.1064" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="78.918" neutron="44" percentage="50.69" />
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+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Halogene</family>
+ <crystalstructure>or</crystalstructure>
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+ <name origin="Greek 'kryptos' for 'hidden'">Krypton</name>
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+ <period>4</period>
+ <mass>83.80</mass>
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+ </ionisationenergy>
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+ <atomic>88</atomic>
+ <vdw>202</vdw>
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+ <family>Noblegas</family>
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+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>37</number>
+ <name origin="Latin 'rubidus' for 'dark red'">Rubidium</name>
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+ <period>5</period>
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+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
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+ <atomic>235</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ </radius>
+ <orbits>Kr 5s1</orbits>
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+ <date scientist="">1794</date>
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+ <energy>6.38 </energy>
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+ <atomic>180</atomic>
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+ <orbits>Kr 4d1 5s2</orbits>
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+ <family>Transition</family>
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+ <element>
+ <number>40</number>
+ <name origin="Named after the mineral zircon">Zirconium</name>
+ <symbol>Zr</symbol>
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+ <energy>6.84 </energy>
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+ <number>41</number>
+ <name origin="Named after Niobe. the daughter of the Greek god Tantalus">Niobium</name>
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+ <date scientist="Charles Hatchett">1801</date>
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+ </radius>
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+ <family>Transition</family>
+ <isotopes>
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+ </isotopes>
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+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>42</number>
+ <name origin="This name has Greek roots. It means 'like Platinum' - it was difficult to distinguish Molybdenum from Platinum.">Molybdenum</name>
+ <symbol>Mo</symbol>
+ <period>5</period>
+ <mass>95.94</mass>
+ <block>d</block>
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+ </spectra>
+ <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="C. W. Scheele">1778</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>1</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>6</group>
+ <electronaffinity>-72</electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>2.16</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>2896</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>4912</boilingpoint>
+ <density>10.28</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>7.099</energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>145</covalent>
+ <atomic>145</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ </radius>
+ <orbits>Kr 4d5 5s1</orbits>
+ <oxydation>(+2.+3.+4.+5).+6</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="91.90681" neutron="50" percentage="15.9" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="" halflife="3500" halflifeformat="years" weight="92.90681" neutron="51" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="93.905" neutron="52" percentage="9.2" />
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+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="95.905" neutron="54" percentage="15.7" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="-0.9133" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="96.905" neutron="55" percentage="9.4" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="97.906" neutron="56" percentage="23.7" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="1.357" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2+" magmoment="" halflife="5762016" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="98.90771" neutron="57" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="99.908" neutron="58" percentage="9.6" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ <crystalstructure>bcc</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>43</number>
+ <name origin="Greek 'technetos' for artificial">Technetium</name>
+ <symbol>Tc</symbol>
+ <period>5</period>
+ <mass>98.9063</mass>
+ <block>d</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
+ <artificial>1</artificial>
+ <radioactive>1</radioactive>
+ <date scientist="C. Perrier. E. G. Segre">1937</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
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+ <group>7</group>
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+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>7.28 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
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+ <covalent>156</covalent>
+ <atomic>135</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
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+ <orbits>Kr 4d6 5s1</orbits>
+ <oxydation>+7</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="0.32" spin="9/2+" magmoment="" halflife="2600000" halflifeformat="years" weight="96.90636" neutron="54" percentage="" />
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+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ <crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>44</number>
+ <name origin="Ruthenia is the old name of Russia">Ruthenium</name>
+ <symbol>Ru</symbol>
+ <period>5</period>
+ <mass>101.07</mass>
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+ <block>d</block>
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+ <date scientist="K. Klaus">1844</date>
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+ <energy>7.37 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
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+ <atomic>130</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ </radius>
+ <orbits>Kr 4d7 5s1</orbits>
+ <oxydation>+3.+4.(+8)</oxydation>
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+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Transition</family>
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+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>45</number>
+ <name origin="Greek 'rhodeos' means 'red like a rose'">Rhodium</name>
+ <symbol>Rh</symbol>
+ <period>5</period>
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+ </spectra>
+ <block>d</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="W. Wollaston">1803</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
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+ <density>12.41</density>
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+ <energy>7.46 </energy>
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+ <vdw></vdw>
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+ <family>Transition</family>
+ <crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>46</number>
+ <name origin="Named after the planetoid Pallas">Palladium</name>
+ <symbol>Pd</symbol>
+ <period>5</period>
+ <mass>106.42</mass>
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+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="">1803</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
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+ <meltingpoint>1825</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>3240</boilingpoint>
+ <density>12.02</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>8.34 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>131</covalent>
+ <atomic>140</atomic>
+ <vdw>163</vdw>
+ </radius>
+ <orbits>Kr 4d10</orbits>
+ <oxydation>+2.+4</oxydation>
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+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="103.904" neutron="58" percentage="9.3" />
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+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="105.903" neutron="60" percentage="27.2" />
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+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="107.904" neutron="62" percentage="26.08" />
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+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="109.904" neutron="64" percentage="13.5" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ <crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>47</number>
+ <name origin="Latin 'argentum' for silver">Silver</name>
+ <symbol>Ag</symbol>
+ <period>5</period>
+ <mass>107.8682</mass>
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+ <block>d</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="">0</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>1</group>
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+ <meltingpoint>1235.1</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>2436</boilingpoint>
+ <density>10.49</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>7.576 </energy>
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+ <radius>
+ <covalent>153</covalent>
+ <atomic>160</atomic>
+ <vdw>172</vdw>
+ </radius>
+ <orbits>Kr 4d10 5s1</orbits>
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+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ <crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>48</number>
+ <name origin="Greek 'kadmia' ('Galmei' = Zinc carbonate)">Cadmium</name>
+ <symbol>Cd</symbol>
+ <period>5</period>
+ <mass>112.411</mass>
+ <block>d</block>
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+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="F. Stromeyer">1817</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>5</biologicalmeaning>
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+ </ionisationenergy>
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+ <orbits>Kr 4d10 5s2</orbits>
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+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="109.90301" neutron="62" percentage="12.49" />
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+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="113.90336" neutron="66" percentage="28.73" />
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+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ <crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>49</number>
+ <name origin="Named after 'Indigo' because of its blue spectrum">Indium</name>
+ <symbol>In</symbol>
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+ <mass>114.818</mass>
+ <block>p</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="F. Reich. H.T. Richter">1863</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
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+ <electronegativity>1.78</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>429.78</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>2350</boilingpoint>
+ <density>7.31</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>5.786</energy>
+ <energy>18.9</energy>
+ <energy>28.0</energy>
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+ <radius>
+ <covalent>144</covalent>
+ <atomic>155</atomic>
+ <vdw>193</vdw>
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+ <orbits>Kr 4d10 5s2 5p1</orbits>
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+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="9/2+" magmoment="+5.5229" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="112.90406" neutron="64" percentage="4.28" />
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+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Other_Metal</family>
+ <crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>50</number>
+ <name origin="Latin 'stannum' for tin">Tin</name>
+ <symbol>Sn</symbol>
+ <period>5</period>
+ <mass>118.710</mass>
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+ <element>
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+ <name origin="Latin 'tellus' or 'telluris' for 'Planet Earth'">Tellurium</name>
+ <symbol>Te</symbol>
+ <period>5</period>
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+ <element>
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+ <name origin="Greek 'ioeides' for 'violett'">Iodine</name>
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+ <boilingpoint>165.1</boilingpoint>
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+ <name origin="Greek 'barys' for 'heavy'">Barium</name>
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+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="K. G. Mosander">1839</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
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+ <energy>5.577</energy>
+ <energy>11.0</energy>
+ <energy>19.17</energy>
+ <energy>49.9</energy>
+ <energy>61.6</energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
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+ <vdw></vdw>
+ </radius>
+ <orbits>Xe 5d1 6s2</orbits>
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+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Rare_Earth</family>
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+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>58</number>
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+ <symbol>Ce</symbol>
+ <period>6</period>
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+ <date scientist="J&#246;ns Jacob Berzelius. W. Hisinger. M. Klaproth">1803</date>
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+ <energy>10.9</energy>
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+ </ionisationenergy>
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+ </radius>
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+ <oxydation>+3.+4</oxydation>
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+ </isotopes>
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+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>59</number>
+ <name origin="Greek 'prasinos didymos' for 'green twin'">Praseodymium</name>
+ <symbol>Pr</symbol>
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+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
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+ <energy>10.6</energy>
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+ <orbits>Xe 4f3 6s2</orbits>
+ <oxydation>+3.+4</oxydation>
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+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Rare_Earth</family>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>60</number>
+ <name origin="Greek 'neos didymos' for 'new twin'">Neodymium</name>
+ <symbol>Nd</symbol>
+ <period>6</period>
+ <mass>144.24</mass>
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+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="C. Auer von Welsbach">1885</date>
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+ <energy>5.49 </energy>
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+ <orbits>Xe 4f4 6s2</orbits>
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+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="141.907" neutron="82" percentage="27.1" />
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+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Rare_Earth</family>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>61</number>
+ <name origin="Named after the greek Prometheus. Prometheus stole the fire from the gods and gave it to mankind.">Promethium</name>
+ <symbol>Pm</symbol>
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+ <date scientist="J. A. Marinsky. C. D. Coryell. L. E. Glendenin">1945</date>
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+ <energy>5.55 </energy>
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+ <covalent>163</covalent>
+ <atomic>181.0</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
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+ <orbits>Xe 4f5 6s2</orbits>
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+ <element>
+ <number>62</number>
+ <name origin="Named after the mineral Samarskit">Samarium</name>
+ <symbol>Sm</symbol>
+ <period>6</period>
+ <mass>150.36</mass>
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+ <date scientist="P. Lecoq de Boisbaudran">1879</date>
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+ <energy>5.63 </energy>
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+ <orbits>Xe 4f6 6s2</orbits>
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+ </isotopes>
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+ <element>
+ <number>63</number>
+ <name origin="Named after Europe">Europium</name>
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+ <element>
+ <number>64</number>
+ <name origin="Named after the Finnish chemist Johan Gadolin">Gadolinium</name>
+ <symbol>Gd</symbol>
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+ <mass>157.25</mass>
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+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="">1880</date>
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+ <energy>6.14 </energy>
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+ <orbits>Xe 4f7 5d1 6s2</orbits>
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+ <date scientist="K. G. Mosander">1843</date>
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+ <element>
+ <number>66</number>
+ <name origin="Greek 'dysprositor' for 'difficult to reach'">Dysprosium</name>
+ <symbol>Dy</symbol>
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+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="F. E. Lecoq de Boisbaudran">1886</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
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+ <orbits>Xe 4f10 6s2</orbits>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="155.92428" neutron="90" percentage="0.052" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="157.92440" neutron="92" percentage="0.090" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="159.92519" neutron="94" percentage="2.29" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="-0.4805" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="160.92693" neutron="95" percentage="18.88" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="161.92680" neutron="96" percentage="25.53" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2-" magmoment="+0.6726" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="162.92873" neutron="97" percentage="24.97" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="163.92917" neutron="98" percentage="28.18" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="1.3" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2+" magmoment="" halflife="8402.4" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="164.93170" neutron="98" percentage="" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <oxydation>+3</oxydation>
+ <family>Rare_Earth</family>
+ <crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>67</number>
+ <name origin="Latin 'holmia' for the old name of Stockholm">Holmium</name>
+ <symbol>Ho</symbol>
+ <period>6</period>
+ <mass>164.93032</mass>
+ <block>f</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="J. L. Soret. P.T. Cleve">1878</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>3</group>
+ <electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>1.23</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>1747</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>2968</boilingpoint>
+ <density>8.78</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>6.02 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>158</covalent>
+ <atomic>176.6</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <bondxx></bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <orbits>Xe 4f11 6s2</orbits>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2-" magmoment="+4.173" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="164.93032" neutron="98" percentage="100" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="1.85" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0-" magmoment="0" halflife="96840" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="165.93228" neutron="99" percentage="" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <oxydation>+3</oxydation>
+ <family>Rare_Earth</family>
+ <crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>68</number>
+ <name origin="Named ofter the Swedish town of Ytterby. Terbium and Ytterbium are also named after this town.">Erbium</name>
+ <symbol>Er</symbol>
+ <period>6</period>
+ <mass>167.259</mass>
+ <block>f</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="K. G. Mosander">1843</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>4</group>
+ <electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>1.24</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>1802</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>3140</boilingpoint>
+ <density>9.05</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>6.10 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>157</covalent>
+ <atomic>175.7</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <bondxx></bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance></abundance>
+ <orbits>Xe 4f12 6s2</orbits>
+ <oxydation>+3</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="161.929" neutron="94" percentage="0.136" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="163.929" neutron="96" percentage="1.56" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="165.93029" neutron="98" percentage="33.41" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2+" magmoment="-0.5665" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="166.93205" neutron="99" percentage="22.94" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="167.93237" neutron="100" percentage="27.07" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="169.935" neutron="102" percentage="14.88" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Rare_Earth</family>
+ <crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>69</number>
+ <name origin="Named after the old name of Scandinavia. 'Thule'">Thulium</name>
+ <symbol>Tm</symbol>
+ <period>6</period>
+ <mass>168.93421</mass>
+ <block>f</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="P. T. Cleve">1879</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>5</group>
+ <electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>1.25</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>1818</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>2223</boilingpoint>
+ <density>9.32</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>6.18 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>156</covalent>
+ <atomic>174.6</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <bondxx></bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance></abundance>
+ <orbits>Xe 4f13 6s2</orbits>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2+" magmoment="-0.2316" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="168.93421" neutron="100" percentage="100" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <oxydation>+2.+3</oxydation>
+ <family>Rare_Earth</family>
+ <crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>70</number>
+ <name origin="Like Terbium and Gadolinium. this is named after the Swedish town of Ytterby">Ytterbium</name>
+ <symbol>Yb</symbol>
+ <period>6</period>
+ <mass>173.04</mass>
+ <block>f</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="J. Ch. Marignac">1878</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>6</group>
+ <electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>1.1</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>1092</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>1469</boilingpoint>
+ <density>9.32</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>6.254 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>170</covalent>
+ <atomic>194</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <bondxx></bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance></abundance>
+ <orbits>Xe 4f14 6s2</orbits>
+ <oxydation>+2.+3</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="167.934" neutron="98" percentage="0.135" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="169.93476" neutron="100" percentage="3.03" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2-" magmoment="+0.4919" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="170.93632" neutron="101" percentage="14.31" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="171.93638" neutron="102" percentage="21.82" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2-" magmoment="-0.6776" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="172.93821" neutron="103" percentage="16.13" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="173.93886" neutron="104" percentage="31.84" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.467" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2-" magmoment="&#177;0.3" halflife="244224" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="174.94127" neutron="105" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="175.94256" neutron="106" percentage="12.73" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Rare_Earth</family>
+ <crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>71</number>
+ <name origin="Named after the Roman name 'Lutetia' for Paris">Lutetium</name>
+ <symbol>Lu</symbol>
+ <period>6</period>
+ <mass>174.967</mass>
+ <block>f</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="C. Auer von Welsbach. G. Urbain">1907</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>7</group>
+ <electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>1.27</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>1936</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>3668</boilingpoint>
+ <density>9.84</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>5.426 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>156</covalent>
+ <atomic>173.4</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <bondxx></bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance></abundance>
+ <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d1 6s2</orbits>
+ <oxydation>+3</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2+" magmoment="+2.2327" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="174.941" neutron="104" percentage="97.41" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7-" magmoment="3.19" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="175.943" neutron="105" percentage="2.59" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2+" magmoment="+2.239" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="176.943752" neutron="106" percentage="" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Rare_Earth</family>
+ <crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>72</number>
+ <name origin="'Hafnia' is the old name of Kopenhagen (Denmark)">Hafnium</name>
+ <symbol>Hf</symbol>
+ <period>6</period>
+ <mass>178.49</mass>
+ <block>d</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="D. Coster. G. Hevesy">1923</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>4</group>
+ <electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>2504</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>4875</boilingpoint>
+ <density>13.31</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>7.0 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>144</covalent>
+ <atomic>156.4</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <bondxx></bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance></abundance>
+ <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d2 6s2</orbits>
+ <oxydation>+5</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="2.55" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="2000000000000000" halflifeformat="years" weight="173.94004" neutron="102" percentage="0.18" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="0.59" spin="5/2-" magmoment="0.70" halflife="6048000" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="174.94151" neutron="103" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="175.94140" neutron="104" percentage="5.21" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2-" magmoment="+0.7935" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="176.94322" neutron="105" percentage="18.6" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="177.94370" neutron="106" percentage="27.3" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="9/2+" magmoment="-0.6409" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="178.94581" neutron="107" percentage="13.63" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="179.94655" neutron="108" percentage="35.1" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ <crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>73</number>
+ <name origin="Named after the Greek myth of Tantalos">Tantalum</name>
+ <symbol>Ta</symbol>
+ <period>6</period>
+ <mass>180.9479</mass>
+ <block>d</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="A. Ekeberg">1802</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>5</group>
+ <electronaffinity>-31</electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>1.5</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>3293</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>5730</boilingpoint>
+ <density>16.68</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>7.89 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>134</covalent>
+ <atomic>143</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <bondxx></bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance></abundance>
+ <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d3 6s2</orbits>
+ <oxydation>+3.+5</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="14.0" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="86.0" ecdecay="" spin="9-" magmoment="" halflife="10000000000000" halflifeformat="years" weight="179.947462" neutron="107" percentage="0.012" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2+" magmoment="+2.370" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="180.947992" neutron="108" percentage="99.998" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="1.811" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3-" magmoment="2.6" halflife="9892800" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="181.950149" neutron="109" percentage="" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ <crystalstructure>bcc</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>74</number>
+ <name origin="'tung sten' means 'heavy stone' in Swedish. The old name (and thus the symbol 'W') was Wolfram. named after a mineral">Tungsten</name>
+ <symbol>W</symbol>
+ <period>6</period>
+ <mass>183.84</mass>
+ <block>d</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="C. W. Scheele">1783</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>5</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>6</group>
+ <electronaffinity>-79</electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>2.36</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>3695</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>5825</boilingpoint>
+ <density>19.26</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>7.98 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>130</covalent>
+ <atomic>137</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <bondxx></bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance></abundance>
+ <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d4 6s2</orbits>
+ <oxydation>(+4). +6</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="179.947" neutron="106" percentage="0.122" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="0.19" spin="9/2+" magmoment="" halflife="10471680" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="180.94820" neutron="107" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0+" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="181.94820" neutron="108" percentage="26.3" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2-" magmoment="+0.1177847" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="182.950220" neutron="109" percentage="14.28" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="183.950928" neutron="110" percentage="30.7" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.432" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="" halflife="4129920" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="184.953416" neutron="111" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="185.954357" neutron="112" percentage="29.17" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="1.321" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="0.688" halflife="2064960" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="186.957153" neutron="113" percentage="" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ <crystalstructure>bcc</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>75</number>
+ <name origin="Named after the German river Rhine (latin 'Rhenium')">Rhenium</name>
+ <symbol>Re</symbol>
+ <period>6</period>
+ <mass>186.207</mass>
+ <block>d</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="W. Noddack. I. Tacke-Noddack. O. Berg">1925</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>7</group>
+ <electronaffinity>-14</electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>1.9</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>3455</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>5870</boilingpoint>
+ <density>21.03</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>7.88</energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>159</covalent>
+ <atomic>135</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <bondxx>274.1</bondxx>
+ <ionic charge="+4">63</ionic>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>0.0007</abundance>
+ <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d5 6s2</orbits>
+ <oxydation>+7.+2.+4</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="+3.172" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="184.952951" neutron="110" percentage="37.4" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="93.1" betaminusdecay="1.071" ecpercentage="6.9" ecdecay="" spin="1-" magmoment="+1.739" halflife="324000" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="185.954984" neutron="111" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.00251" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="+3.2197" halflife="43500000000" halflifeformat="years" weight="186.955744" neutron="112" percentage="62.6" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="2.12" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1-" magmoment="+1.788" halflife="61128" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="187.958106" neutron="113" percentage="" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ <crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>76</number>
+ <name origin="Greek for 'smell'. Its oxides smell strongly like radishes">Osmium</name>
+ <symbol>Os</symbol>
+ <period>6</period>
+ <mass>190.23</mass>
+ <block>d</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="S. Tennant">1804</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>8</group>
+ <electronaffinity>-106</electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>2.2</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>3300</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>5300</boilingpoint>
+ <density>22.61</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>8.7 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>128</covalent>
+ <atomic>130</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <bondxx>267.5</bondxx>
+ <ionic charge="+4">63</ionic>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>0.005</abundance>
+ <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d6 6s2</orbits>
+ <oxydation>+4.(+2.+3.+6.+8)</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="183.953" neutron="108" percentage="0.018" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="0.98" spin="1/2-" magmoment="" halflife="8087040" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="184.954041" neutron="109" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="2000000000000000" halflifeformat="years" weight="185.953830" neutron="110" percentage="1.58" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2-" magmoment="+0.06465" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="186.955741" neutron="111" percentage="1.59" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="187.955860" neutron="112" percentage="13.3" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2+" magmoment="+0.659933" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="188.958137" neutron="113" percentage="16.1" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="189.958436" neutron="114" percentage="26.4" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.313" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="9/2-" magmoment="" halflife="13.30560" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="190.960920" neutron="115" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="191.961476" neutron="116" percentage="41" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ <crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>77</number>
+ <name origin="Greek 'iris' for 'rainbow'">Iridium</name>
+ <symbol>Ir</symbol>
+ <period>6</period>
+ <mass>192.217</mass>
+ <block>d</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="S. Tennant">1804</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>8</group>
+ <electronaffinity>-151</electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>2.20</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>2720</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>4700</boilingpoint>
+ <density>22.65</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>9.1 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>137</covalent>
+ <atomic>135</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <bondxx>271.4</bondxx>
+ <ionic charge="+4">63</ionic>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>0.001</abundance>
+ <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d7 6s2</orbits>
+ <oxydation>+1.+4.(+2.+3.+6)</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2+" magmoment="+0.1461" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="190.960584" neutron="114" percentage="38.5" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="4.6" betaplusdecay="1.2" betaminuspercentage="95.4" betaminusdecay="1.454" ecpercentage="4.6" ecdecay="" spin="4-" magmoment="+1.880" halflife="6378998.4" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="191.962580" neutron="115" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2+" magmoment="+0.1591" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="192.962917" neutron="116" percentage="61.5" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ <crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>78</number>
+ <name origin="Spanish 'platina' means 'small silver'">Platinum</name>
+ <symbol>Pt</symbol>
+ <period>6</period>
+ <mass>195.078</mass>
+ <block>d</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="A. de Ulloa">1735</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>8</group>
+ <electronaffinity>-205</electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>2.28</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>2042.1</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>4100</boilingpoint>
+ <density>21.450</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>9.0 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>128</covalent>
+ <atomic>135</atomic>
+ <vdw>175</vdw>
+ <bondxx>277.5</bondxx>
+ <ionic charge="+2">80</ionic>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>0.01</abundance>
+ <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d9 6s1</orbits>
+ <oxydation>+2.+4</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="3.18" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="650000000000" halflifeformat="years" weight="189.959917" neutron="112" percentage="0.0127" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="2.6" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="1000000000000000" halflifeformat="years" weight="191.961019" neutron="114" percentage="0.78" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="193.962655" neutron="116" percentage="32.9" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2-" magmoment="+0.60949" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="194.964766" neutron="117" percentage="33.8" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="195.9650" neutron="118" percentage="25.3" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.75" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2-" magmoment="-0.51" halflife="65880" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="196.967315" neutron="119" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="197.967869" neutron="120" percentage="7.2" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ <crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>79</number>
+ <name origin="Latin 'aurum'. named after Aurora. the goddess of sunrise">Gold</name>
+ <symbol>Au</symbol>
+ <period>6</period>
+ <mass>196.96654</mass>
+ <block>d</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="">0</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>1</group>
+ <electronaffinity>-223</electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>2.54</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>1337.58</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>3130</boilingpoint>
+ <density>19.32</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>9.225 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>144.2</covalent>
+ <atomic>135</atomic>
+ <vdw>166</vdw>
+ <bondxx>288.4</bondxx>
+ <ionic charge="+1">137</ionic>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>0.004</abundance>
+ <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d10 6s1</orbits>
+ <oxydation>(+1).+3</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="0.230" spin="3/2+" magmoment="&#177;0.148" halflife="16078176" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="194.965013" neutron="116" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2+" magmoment="+0.1457" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="196.966543" neutron="118" percentage="100" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="1.372" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="2-" magmoment="+0.5934" halflife="232718.4" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="197.968217" neutron="119" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.453" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2+" magmoment="+0.2715" halflife="271209.6" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="198.968740" neutron="120" percentage="" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ <crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>80</number>
+ <name origin="Graeco-Latin 'hydrargyrum' for 'liquid silver'">Mercury</name>
+ <symbol>Hg</symbol>
+ <period>6</period>
+ <mass>200.59</mass>
+ <block>d</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="">0</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>2</group>
+ <electronaffinity>61</electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>2.00</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>234.31</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>629.88</boilingpoint>
+ <density>13.55</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>10.437 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>160</covalent>
+ <atomic>150</atomic>
+ <vdw>155</vdw>
+ <bondxx>300.5</bondxx>
+ <ionic charge="+2">102</ionic>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>0.08</abundance>
+ <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2</orbits>
+ <oxydation>(+1).+2</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="195.965807" neutron="116" percentage="0.146" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="100.0" ecdecay="0.42" spin="1/2-" magmoment="+0.5274" halflife="230904" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="196.967187" neutron="117" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="197.966743" neutron="118" percentage="10.02" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2-" magmoment="+0.5058851" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="198.968254" neutron="119" percentage="16.84" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="199.968300" neutron="120" percentage="23.13" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="-0.560225" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="200.970277" neutron="121" percentage="13.22" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="201.970617" neutron="122" percentage="29.80" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.492" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2-" magmoment="+0.8489" halflife="4027276.8" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="202.972848" neutron="123" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="203.973467" neutron="124" percentage="6.85" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ <crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>81</number>
+ <name origin="Greek 'tallos' for 'young twig'">Thallium</name>
+ <symbol>Tl</symbol>
+ <period>6</period>
+ <mass>204.3833</mass>
+ <block>p</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="W. Crookes">1861</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>3</group>
+ <electronaffinity>-20</electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>2.04</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>577</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>1746</boilingpoint>
+ <density>11.85</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>6.108</energy>
+ <energy>20.4</energy>
+ <energy>29.8</energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>170.4</covalent>
+ <atomic>190</atomic>
+ <vdw>196</vdw>
+ <ionic charge="+1">150</ionic>
+ <bondxx>340.8</bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>0.7</abundance>
+ <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1</orbits>
+ <oxydation>+1.(+3)</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2+" magmoment="+1.622257" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="202.972320" neutron="122" percentage="29.52" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="97.43" betaminusdecay="0.763" ecpercentage="2.57" ecdecay="0.345" spin="2-" magmoment="-0.06" halflife="3.78" halflifeformat="years" weight="203.97384" neutron="123" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2+" magmoment="+1.6382134" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="204.974401" neutron="124" percentage="70.48" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Other_Metal</family>
+ <crystalstructure>hdp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>82</number>
+ <name origin="Latin 'plumbum' for Lead">Lead</name>
+ <symbol>Pb</symbol>
+ <period>6</period>
+ <mass>207.2</mass>
+ <block>p</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="">0</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>3</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>4</group>
+ <electronaffinity>-35</electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>2.33</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>600.65</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>2023</boilingpoint>
+ <density>11.34</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>7.416 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>147</covalent>
+ <atomic>180</atomic>
+ <vdw>202</vdw>
+ <bondxx>350.0</bondxx>
+ <ionic charge="+2">118</ionic>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>13</abundance>
+ <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2</orbits>
+ <oxydation>+2.(+4)</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0" magmoment="" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="203.97302" neutron="122" percentage="1.4" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0" magmoment="" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="205.974440" neutron="124" percentage="24.1" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2" magmoment="+0.5926" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="206.975872" neutron="125" percentage="22.1" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0" magmoment="" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="207.976627" neutron="126" percentage="52.4" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Other_Metal</family>
+ <crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>83</number>
+ <name origin="The old name of Bismuth is 'Wismut'. This stood for 'white mass'">Bismuth</name>
+ <symbol>Bi</symbol>
+ <period>6</period>
+ <mass>208.98038</mass>
+ <block>p</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <date scientist="">0</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>5</group>
+ <electronaffinity>-91</electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>2.02</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>544.59</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>1837</boilingpoint>
+ <density>9.80</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>7.289 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="9/2" magmoment="+4.11" halflife="" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="208.980347" neutron="126" percentage="100.0" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="5.04" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="1.16" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1" magmoment="-0.044" halflife="432864.0" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="209.984095" neutron="127" percentage="" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>155</covalent>
+ <atomic>160</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <ionic charge="+5">74</ionic>
+ <ionic charge="+3">102</ionic>
+ <bondxx>309</bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>13</abundance>
+ <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3</orbits>
+ <oxydation>+3.(+5)</oxydation>
+ <family>Other_Metal</family>
+ <crystalstructure>rh</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>84</number>
+ <name origin="Named after Poland to honor Marie Curie">Polonium</name>
+ <symbol>Po</symbol>
+ <period>6</period>
+ <mass>208.9824</mass>
+ <block>p</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
+ <radioactive>1</radioactive>
+ <date scientist="M. Sklodowska-Curie. P. Curie">1898</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>6</group>
+ <electronaffinity>-183</electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>2.0</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>527</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint></boilingpoint>
+ <density>9.20</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>8.42 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="99.74" alphadecay="4.976" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="0.26" ecdecay="" spin="1/2-" magmoment="+0.77" halflife="102" halflifeformat="years" weight="208.9824" neutron="125" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="5.407" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="" halflife="11955686.4" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="209.982848" neutron="126" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="7.594" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="9/2+" magmoment="" halflife="0.516" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="210.986627" neutron="127" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="" halflife="0.000000299" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="211.9888" neutron="128" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="" halflife="0.0001643" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="213.9952" neutron="130" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="99.9998" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="0.0002" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="9/2+" magmoment="" halflife="0.001781" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="214.9994" neutron="131" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="6.906" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="" halflife="0.145" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="216.001889" neutron="132" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="99.98" alphadecay="6.114" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="0.02" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="" halflife="186" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="218.0089" neutron="134" percentage="" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>167.5</covalent>
+ <atomic>190</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <bondxx>334.5</bondxx>
+ <ionic charge="+6">97</ionic>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>0</abundance>
+ <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4</orbits>
+ <oxydation>(+2).+4.(+6)</oxydation>
+ <family>Metalloids</family>
+ <crystalstructure>mono</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>85</number>
+ <name origin="Greek 'astator' for 'changing'">Astatine</name>
+ <symbol>At</symbol>
+ <period>6</period>
+ <mass>209.9871</mass>
+ <block>p</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>3</acidicbehaviour>
+ <radioactive>1</radioactive>
+ <date scientist="D.R. Corson. K.R. McKenzie. E. Segre">1940</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>7</group>
+ <electronaffinity>-270</electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>2.2</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>575</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>610</boilingpoint>
+ <density></density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>9.5 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="0.18" alphadecay="5.63" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="99.82" ecdecay="3.98" spin="5+" magmoment="" halflife="29160" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="209.987126" neutron="125" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="41.7" alphadecay="5.981" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="58.3" ecdecay="0.784" spin="9/2-" magmoment="" halflife="25970.4" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="210.987469" neutron="126" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="9/2-" magmoment="" halflife="0.0001" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="214.99864" neutron="130" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="100" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1-" magmoment="" halflife="0.0003" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="216.0024" neutron="131" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="99.99" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="0.01" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="9/2-" magmoment="" halflife="1938" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="217.00471" neutron="133" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="99.9" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="0.1" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="2-" magmoment="" halflife="1.6" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="118.00868" neutron="134" percentage="" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent></covalent>
+ <atomic>127</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <bondxx></bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>0</abundance>
+ <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5</orbits>
+ <oxydation>-1.(1.3.5.7)</oxydation>
+ <family>Halogene</family>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>86</number>
+ <name origin="Named after Radium. It ends with 'on' to make it clear that it is a noble gas">Radon</name>
+ <symbol>Rn</symbol>
+ <period>6</period>
+ <mass>222.0176</mass>
+ <block>p</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>1</acidicbehaviour>
+ <radioactive>1</radioactive>
+ <date scientist="E. Dorn">1898</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>8</group>
+ <electronaffinity>41</electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity></electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>202</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>211.4</boilingpoint>
+ <density>9.23</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>10.748 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>145</covalent>
+ <atomic>120</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <bondxx></bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>0</abundance>
+ <orbits>Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6</orbits>
+ <oxydation>2</oxydation>
+ <family>Noblegas</family>
+ <crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>87</number>
+ <name origin="Named after France to honor Marguerite Perey">Francium</name>
+ <symbol>Fr</symbol>
+ <period>7</period>
+ <mass>223.0197</mass>
+ <block>s</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <radioactive>1</radioactive>
+ <date scientist="M. Perey">1939</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>1</group>
+ <electronaffinity>-44</electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>0.7</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>300</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>950</boilingpoint>
+ <density></density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>4.0 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>270</covalent>
+ <atomic></atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <ionic charge="+1">180</ionic>
+ <bondxx></bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance></abundance>
+ <orbits>Rn 7s1</orbits>
+ <oxydation>+1</oxydation>
+ <family>Alkali_Earth</family>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>88</number>
+ <name origin="Latin 'radius' for 'beam', as it is radioactive">Radium</name>
+ <symbol>Ra</symbol>
+ <period>7</period>
+ <mass>226.0254</mass>
+ <block>s</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <radioactive>1</radioactive>
+ <date scientist="M. Sklodowska-Curie. P. Curie">1898</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>2</group>
+ <electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>0.89</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>973</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>1413</boilingpoint>
+ <density>5.50</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>5.279</energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>223</covalent>
+ <atomic>215</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <ionic charge="+2">143</ionic>
+ <bondxx>445.8</bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>0</abundance>
+ <orbits>Rn 7s2</orbits>
+ <oxydation>+2</oxydation>
+ <family>Alkaline_Earth</family>
+ <crystalstructure>bcc</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>89</number>
+ <name origin="Greek 'aktis' for 'beam' - actinium is radioactive">Actinium</name>
+ <symbol>Ac</symbol>
+ <period>7</period>
+ <mass>227.0278</mass>
+ <block>f</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <radioactive>1</radioactive>
+ <date scientist="A.L. Debierne">1899</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>3</group>
+ <electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>1.1</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>1324</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>3470</boilingpoint>
+ <density>10.07</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>6.9 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>187.8</covalent>
+ <atomic>195</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <ionic charge="+3">118</ionic>
+ <bondxx>375.6</bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>0</abundance>
+ <orbits>Rn 6d1 7s2</orbits>
+ <oxydation>(+2).+3</oxydation>
+ <family>Rare_Earth</family>
+ <crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>90</number>
+ <name origin="Named after the German god of thunder: Thor">Thorium</name>
+ <symbol>Th</symbol>
+ <period>7</period>
+ <mass>232.0381</mass>
+ <block>f</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <radioactive>1</radioactive>
+ <date scientist="J. J. Berzelius">1828</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>4</group>
+ <electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>2028</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>5060</boilingpoint>
+ <density>11.72</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>6.95 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="6.145" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2+" magmoment="" halflife="1617235.2" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="227.02770" neutron="137" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="5.52" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="" halflife="1.9131" halflifeformat="years" weight="228.02872" neutron="138" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="5.17" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="+0.46" halflife="7340" halflifeformat="years" weight="229.03176" neutron="139" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="4.77" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="" halflife="75380" halflifeformat="years" weight="230.03313" neutron="140" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.389" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="" halflife="91872" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="231.03630" neutron="141" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="4.081" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="14000000000" halflifeformat="years" weight="232.03805" neutron="142" percentage="100" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.27" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="" halflife="1338" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="234.036593" neutron="144" percentage="" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent></covalent>
+ <atomic>179.8</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <ionic charge="+4">100</ionic>
+ <bondxx>359.5</bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>12</abundance>
+ <oxydation>+3.+4</oxydation>
+ <family>Rare_Earth</family>
+ <orbits>Rn 6d2 7s2</orbits>
+ <crystalstructure>ccp</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>91</number>
+ <name origin="Greek 'protos' for 'ancester'. Protactinium is before Actinium in the periodic table.">Protactinium</name>
+ <symbol>Pa</symbol>
+ <period>7</period>
+ <mass>231.03588</mass>
+ <block>f</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <radioactive>1</radioactive>
+ <date scientist="O. Hahn. L. Meitern. W. Wollaston">1917</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>5</group>
+ <electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>1.5</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>1845</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>4300</boilingpoint>
+ <density>15.37</density>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent></covalent>
+ <atomic>180.6</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <ionic charge="+4">98</ionic>
+ <ionic charge="+5">89</ionic>
+ <ionic charge="+3">113</ionic>
+ <bondxx>321.2</bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>12</abundance>
+ <oxydation>+4.+5</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="5.148" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="&#177;2.01" halflife="32760" halflifeformat="years" weight="231.03588" neutron="140" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="1.34" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="+3.5" halflife="113184" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="232.03857" neutron="141" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.572" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="3/2-" magmoment="+3.5" halflife="2329948.8" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="233.04024" neutron="142" percentage="" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Rare_Earth</family>
+ <orbits>Rn 5f2 6d1 7s2</orbits>
+ <crystalstructure>own</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>92</number>
+ <name origin="Greek 'ouranos' for 'heaven'. Named after the planet Uranus">Uranium</name>
+ <symbol>U</symbol>
+ <period>7</period>
+ <mass>238.02891</mass>
+ <block>f</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <radioactive>1</radioactive>
+ <date scientist="M. M. Klaproth">1789</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>6</group>
+ <electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>1.38</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>1408</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>4407</boilingpoint>
+ <density>18.97</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>6.08 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="5.41" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="73.6" halflifeformat="years" weight="232.03713" neutron="140" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="4.91" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="+0.55" halflife="159200" halflifeformat="years" weight="233.03963" neutron="141" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="4.856" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="245000" halflifeformat="years" weight="234.04095" neutron="142" percentage="0.005" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="4.6793" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="7/2-" magmoment="-0.35" halflife="703800000" halflifeformat="years" weight="235.04392" neutron="143" percentage="0.7200" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="4.569" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="23415000" halflifeformat="years" weight="236.04556" neutron="144" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.52" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2+" magmoment="" halflife="583200" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="237.04872" neutron="145" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="4.039" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="4468000000" halflifeformat="years" weight="238.05078" neutron="146" percentage="99.2748" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.5" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="" halflife="50760" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="240.05659" neutron="148" percentage="" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>138.5</covalent>
+ <atomic>175</atomic>
+ <vdw>186</vdw>
+ <ionic charge="+4">97</ionic>
+ <ionic charge="+6">80</ionic>
+ <ionic charge="+6">73</ionic>
+ <bondxx>277</bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>2.3</abundance>
+ <oxydation>+3.+4.+5.+6.+7</oxydation>
+ <family>Rare_Earth</family>
+ <orbits>Rn 5f3 6d1 7s2</orbits>
+ <crystalstructure>own</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>93</number>
+ <name origin="Named after the planet Neptune.">Neptunium</name>
+ <symbol>Np</symbol>
+ <period>7</period>
+ <mass>237.0482</mass>
+ <block>f</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <radioactive>1</radioactive>
+ <date scientist="E. M. McMillan. P. Aberson">1940</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>7</group>
+ <electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>1.36</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>912</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>4175</boilingpoint>
+ <density>20.48</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>131</covalent>
+ <atomic>175</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <ionic charge="+4">95</ionic>
+ <bondxx>262</bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>0</abundance>
+ <oxydation>+4.+3.+5.+7</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="4.96" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="" halflife="2140000" halflifeformat="years" weight="237.04817" neutron="144" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="1.29" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="2+" magmoment="" halflife="182908.8" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="238.05094" neutron="145" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.72" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="" halflife="203472" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="239.05293" neutron="146" percentage="" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Rare_Earth</family>
+ <orbits>Rn 5f4 6d1 7s2</orbits>
+ <crystalstructure>own</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>94</number>
+ <name origin="Named after the planet Pluto.">Plutonium</name>
+ <symbol>Pu</symbol>
+ <period>7</period>
+ <mass>244.0642</mass>
+ <block>f</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <radioactive>1</radioactive>
+ <date scientist="G.T. Seaborg. E.M. McMillan. J.W. Kennedy. A.C. Wahl">1940</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>8</group>
+ <electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>1.28</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>913</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>3505</boilingpoint>
+ <density>19.74</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>5.8 </energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>151</covalent>
+ <atomic>175</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <ionic charge="+4">80</ionic>
+ <bondxx>302.6</bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>0</abundance>
+ <oxydation>+3.+4.+5.+6.+7</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="5.87" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="2.87" halflifeformat="years" weight="236.04603" neutron="142" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="0.004" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="99.996" ecdecay="0.22" spin="7/2-" magmoment="" halflife="3905280" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="237.04841" neutron="143" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="5.59" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="0" halflife="87.74" halflifeformat="years" weight="238.04955" neutron="144" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="5.24" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="1/2+" magmoment="+0.203" halflife="24119" halflifeformat="years" weight="239.05216" neutron="145" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="5.26" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="" halflife="6563" halflifeformat="years" weight="240.05381" neutron="146" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="100.0" betaminusdecay="0.02" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2+" magmoment="-0.683" halflife="14.35" halflifeformat="years" weight="241.05685" neutron="147" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="4.983" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="0+" magmoment="" halflife="373300" halflifeformat="years" weight="242.05874" neutron="148" percentage="" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Rare_Earth</family>
+ <orbits>Rn 5f6 7s2</orbits>
+ <crystalstructure>own</crystalstructure>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>95</number>
+ <name origin="Named after America.">Americium</name>
+ <symbol>Am</symbol>
+ <period>7</period>
+ <mass>243.0614</mass>
+ <block>f</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <artificial>1</artificial>
+ <radioactive>1</radioactive>
+ <date scientist="G.T. Seaborg. L.O. Morgan. R.A. James. A. Ghiors">1945</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>8</group>
+ <electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>1449</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint>2880</boilingpoint>
+ <density>13.67</density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ <energy>6.0</energy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent>184</covalent>
+ <atomic>175</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <ionic charge="+3">100</ionic>
+ <bondxx>345.0</bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>0</abundance>
+ <oxydation>+2.+3.+4.+5.+6</oxydation>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="5.637" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2-" magmoment="+1.61" halflife="432.7" halflifeformat="years" weight="241.05682" neutron="146" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="82.7" betaminusdecay="0.67" ecpercentage="17.3" ecdecay="0.73" spin="1-" magmoment="" halflife="57672" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="242.05954" neutron="147" percentage="" />
+ <isotope alphapercentage="100.0" alphadecay="5.439" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="5/2-" magmoment="" halflife="7380" halflifeformat="years" weight="243.06137" neutron="148" percentage="" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Rare_Earth</family>
+ <orbits>Rn 5f7 7s2</orbits>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>96</number>
+ <name origin="Named after Marie Curie.">Curium</name>
+ <symbol>Cm</symbol>
+ <period>7</period>
+ <mass>247.0703</mass>
+ <block>f</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <artificial>1</artificial>
+ <radioactive>1</radioactive>
+ <date scientist="G. T. Seaborg. R. A. James. A. Ghiors">1944</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>8</group>
+ <electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent></covalent>
+ <atomic></atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <ionic charge="+3">98</ionic>
+ <bondxx>347.7</bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>0</abundance>
+ <meltingpoint>1620</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint></boilingpoint>
+ <density>13.51</density>
+ <oxydation>+3.+4</oxydation>
+ <family>Rare_Earth</family>
+ <orbits>Rn 5f7 6d1 7s2</orbits>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>97</number>
+ <name origin="Named after the town Berkeley where it was discovered.">Berkelium</name>
+ <symbol>Bk</symbol>
+ <period>7</period>
+ <mass>247.0703</mass>
+ <block>f</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <artificial>1</artificial>
+ <radioactive>1</radioactive>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent></covalent>
+ <atomic></atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <ionic charge="+3">98</ionic>
+ <bondxx>339.8</bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>0</abundance>
+ <date scientist="G. T. Seaborg. A. Ghiors. S.G. Thompson">1949</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>1</group>
+ <electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>1258</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint></boilingpoint>
+ <density>13.25</density>
+ <oxydation>+3.+4</oxydation>
+ <family>Rare_Earth</family>
+ <orbits>Rn 5f9 7s2</orbits>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>98</number>
+ <name origin="Named after the US-State of California.">Californium</name>
+ <symbol>Cf</symbol>
+ <period>7</period>
+ <mass>251.0796</mass>
+ <block>f</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <artificial>1</artificial>
+ <radioactive>1</radioactive>
+ <date scientist="G. T. Seaborg. A Ghiors. S. G. Thompson">1950</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>2</group>
+ <electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent></covalent>
+ <atomic></atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <ionic charge="+3">98</ionic>
+ <bondxx>337.7</bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>0</abundance>
+ <electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>1172</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint></boilingpoint>
+ <density>15.1</density>
+ <oxydation>+3.+4</oxydation>
+ <family>Rare_Earth</family>
+ <orbits>Rn 5f10 7s2</orbits>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>99</number>
+ <name origin="Named after the scientist Albert Einstein.">Einsteinium</name>
+ <symbol>Es</symbol>
+ <period>7</period>
+ <mass>252.0829</mass>
+ <block>f</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <artificial>1</artificial>
+ <radioactive>1</radioactive>
+ <date scientist="G. T. Seaborg et al.">1952</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>3</group>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent></covalent>
+ <atomic>186</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <ionic charge="+3">98</ionic>
+ <bondxx></bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>0</abundance>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="" magmoment="" halflife="40780800" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="" neutron="153" percentage="" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>1130</meltingpoint>
+ <oxydation>+2.+3.+4</oxydation>
+ <family>Rare_Earth</family>
+ <orbits>Rn 5f11 7s2</orbits>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>100</number>
+ <name origin="Named after the scientist Enrico Fermi.">Fermium</name>
+ <symbol>Fm</symbol>
+ <period>7</period>
+ <mass>257.0951</mass>
+ <block>f</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <artificial>1</artificial>
+ <radioactive>1</radioactive>
+ <date scientist="G. T. Seaborg et al.">1953</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>4</group>
+ <electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent></covalent>
+ <atomic>190</atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <ionic charge="+3">97</ionic>
+ <bondxx></bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>0</abundance>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="" magmoment="" halflife="9115200" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="" neutron="157" percentage="" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>1800</meltingpoint>
+ <oxydation>+2.+3</oxydation>
+ <family>Rare_Earth</family>
+ <orbits>Rn 5f12 7s2</orbits>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>101</number>
+ <name origin="Named after the scientist D.I. Mendeleev.">Mendelevium</name>
+ <symbol>Md</symbol>
+ <period>7</period>
+ <mass>258.0986</mass>
+ <block>f</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <artificial>1</artificial>
+ <radioactive>1</radioactive>
+ <date scientist="G. T. Seaborg et al.">1955</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>5</group>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent></covalent>
+ <atomic></atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <ionic charge="+3">96</ionic>
+ <bondxx></bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>0</abundance>
+ <electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="" magmoment="" halflife="4449600" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="" neutron="157" percentage="" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <meltingpoint>1100</meltingpoint>
+ <oxydation>+2.+3</oxydation>
+ <family>Rare_Earth</family>
+ <orbits>Rn 5f13 7s2</orbits>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>102</number>
+ <name origin="Named after the scientist Alfred Nobel.">Nobelium</name>
+ <symbol>No</symbol>
+ <period>7</period>
+ <mass>259.1009</mass>
+ <block>f</block>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent></covalent>
+ <atomic></atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <ionic charge="+2">113</ionic>
+ <bondxx></bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>0</abundance>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <artificial>1</artificial>
+ <radioactive>1</radioactive>
+ <date scientist="">1958</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>6</group>
+ <electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>1100</meltingpoint>
+ <oxydation>+2.+3.+4</oxydation>
+ <family>Rare_Earth</family>
+ <orbits>Rn 5f14 7s2</orbits>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="" magmoment="" halflife="3480" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="259.1009" neutron="157" percentage="100" />
+ </isotopes>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>103</number>
+ <name origin="Named after the scientist Ernest Orlando Lawrence.">Lawrencium</name>
+ <symbol>Lr</symbol>
+ <period>7</period>
+ <mass>262.110</mass>
+ <block>f</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <artificial>1</artificial>
+ <radioactive>1</radioactive>
+ <date scientist="">1961</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>7</group>
+ <electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity>1.3</electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint>1900</meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint></boilingpoint>
+ <density></density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="" magmoment="" halflife="12960" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="262.110" neutron="159" percentage="100" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent></covalent>
+ <atomic></atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <ionic charge="+3">94</ionic>
+ <bondxx></bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>0</abundance>
+ <oxydation>+3</oxydation>
+ <family>Rare_Earth</family>
+ <orbits>Rn 5f14 7s2 7p1</orbits>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>104</number>
+ <name origin="Named after the scientist Ernest Rutherford">Rutherfordium</name>
+ <symbol>Rf</symbol>
+ <period>7</period>
+ <mass>261.1089</mass>
+ <block>d</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
+ <artificial>1</artificial>
+ <radioactive>1</radioactive>
+ <date scientist="">1964</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>4</group>
+ <electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity></electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint></meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint></boilingpoint>
+ <density></density>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="" magmoment="" halflife="66" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="" neutron="157" percentage="" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent></covalent>
+ <atomic></atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <bondxx></bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>0</abundance>
+ <oxydation>+3</oxydation>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ <orbits>Rn 5f14 6d2 7s2</orbits>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>105</number>
+ <name origin="Named after the science-town Dubna in Russia">Dubnium</name>
+ <symbol>Db</symbol>
+ <period>7</period>
+ <mass>262.1144</mass>
+ <block>d</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
+ <artificial>1</artificial>
+ <radioactive>1</radioactive>
+ <date scientist="">1967</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>5</group>
+ <electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
+ <electronegativity></electronegativity>
+ <meltingpoint></meltingpoint>
+ <boilingpoint></boilingpoint>
+ <density></density>
+ <ionisationenergy>
+ </ionisationenergy>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="" magmoment="" halflife="34" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="" neutron="157" percentage="" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent></covalent>
+ <atomic></atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <bondxx></bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>0</abundance>
+ <orbits>Rn 5f14 6d3 7s2</orbits>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>106</number>
+ <name origin="Named after the scientist G. Theodore Seaborg.">Seaborgium</name>
+ <symbol>Sg</symbol>
+ <period>7</period>
+ <mass>263.1186</mass>
+ <block>d</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
+ <artificial>1</artificial>
+ <radioactive>1</radioactive>
+ <date scientist="">1974</date>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent></covalent>
+ <atomic></atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <bondxx></bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>0</abundance>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="" magmoment="" halflife="20" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="" neutron="160" percentage="" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <group>6</group>
+ <electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>107</number>
+ <name origin="Named after the scientist Niels Bohr.">Bohrium</name>
+ <symbol>Bh</symbol>
+ <period>7</period>
+ <mass>262.1231</mass>
+ <block>d</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
+ <artificial>1</artificial>
+ <radioactive>1</radioactive>
+ <date scientist="">1981</date>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent></covalent>
+ <atomic></atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <bondxx></bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>0</abundance>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="" magmoment="" halflife="0.4" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="" neutron="157" percentage="" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <group>7</group>
+ <electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>108</number>
+ <name origin="Latin 'hassia' for the German county Hessen. In Hessen. a lot elements have been discovered.">Hassium</name>
+ <symbol>Hs</symbol>
+ <period>7</period>
+ <mass>265.1306</mass>
+ <block>d</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>2</acidicbehaviour>
+ <artificial>1</artificial>
+ <radioactive>1</radioactive>
+ <date scientist="">1984</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent></covalent>
+ <atomic></atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <bondxx></bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>0</abundance>
+ <group>8</group>
+ <electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="" magmoment="" halflife="9.3" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="" neutron="161" percentage="" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>109</number>
+ <name origin="Named after the scientist Lise Meitner.">Meitnerium</name>
+ <symbol>Mt</symbol>
+ <period>7</period>
+ <mass>266.1378</mass>
+ <block>d</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <radioactive>1</radioactive>
+ <artificial>1</artificial>
+ <date scientist="">1982</date>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent></covalent>
+ <atomic></atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <bondxx></bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>0</abundance>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="" magmoment="" halflife="0.7" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="" neutron="159" percentage="" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <group>8</group>
+ <electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>110</number>
+ <name origin="Named after the German city Darmstadt where many elements have been discovered.">Darmstadtium</name>
+ <symbol>Ds</symbol>
+ <period>7</period>
+ <mass>271</mass>
+ <block>d</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <artificial>1</artificial>
+ <radioactive>1</radioactive>
+ <date scientist="">1994</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent></covalent>
+ <atomic></atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <bondxx></bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>0</abundance>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="" magmoment="" halflife="0.001" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="" neutron="161" percentage="" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <group>8</group>
+ <electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ </element>
+ <element>
+ <number>111</number>
+ <name origin="Named after Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen.">Roentgenium</name>
+ <symbol>Rg</symbol>
+ <period>7</period>
+ <mass>272</mass>
+ <block>d</block>
+ <acidicbehaviour>0</acidicbehaviour>
+ <artificial>1</artificial>
+ <radioactive>1</radioactive>
+ <date scientist="">1994</date>
+ <biologicalmeaning>0</biologicalmeaning>
+ <radius>
+ <covalent></covalent>
+ <atomic></atomic>
+ <vdw></vdw>
+ <bondxx></bondxx>
+ </radius>
+ <abundance>0</abundance>
+ <isotopes>
+ <isotope alphapercentage="" alphadecay="" betapluspercentage="" betaplusdecay="" betaminuspercentage="" betaminusdecay="" ecpercentage="" ecdecay="" spin="" magmoment="" halflife="0.0015" halflifeformat="seconds" weight="" neutron="161" percentage="" />
+ </isotopes>
+ <group>1</group>
+ <electronaffinity></electronaffinity>
+ <family>Transition</family>
+ </element>
+</kalzium>