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diff --git a/doc/html/tictac-example.html b/doc/html/tictac-example.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..32dde137 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/html/tictac-example.html @@ -0,0 +1,577 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> +<!-- /home/espenr/tmp/qt-3.3.8-espenr-2499/qt-x11-free-3.3.8/examples/tictac/tictac.doc:4 --> +<html> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"> +<title>Tic Tac Toe</title> +<style type="text/css"><!-- +fn { margin-left: 1cm; text-indent: -1cm; } +a:link { color: #004faf; text-decoration: none } +a:visited { color: #672967; text-decoration: none } +body { background: #ffffff; color: black; } +--></style> +</head> +<body> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"> +<tr bgcolor="#E5E5E5"> +<td valign=center> + <a href="index.html"> +<font color="#004faf">Home</font></a> + | <a href="classes.html"> +<font color="#004faf">All Classes</font></a> + | <a href="mainclasses.html"> +<font color="#004faf">Main Classes</font></a> + | <a href="annotated.html"> +<font color="#004faf">Annotated</font></a> + | <a href="groups.html"> +<font color="#004faf">Grouped Classes</font></a> + | <a href="functions.html"> +<font color="#004faf">Functions</font></a> +</td> +<td align="right" valign="center"><img src="logo32.png" align="right" width="64" height="32" border="0"></td></tr></table><h1 align=center>Tic Tac Toe</h1> + + +<p> +This is an implementation of the Tic-tac-toe game. +<p> We didn't put much effort in making a clever algorithm so it's not a +challenge to play against the computer. Instead, study the source code +to see how you can make reusable components such as the <em>TicTacGameBoard</em> +widget. +<p> <hr> +<p> Header file: +<p> <pre>/**************************************************************************** +** $Id: qt/tictac.h 3.3.8 edited Jan 11 14:37 $ +** +** Copyright (C) 1992-2007 Trolltech ASA. All rights reserved. +** +** This file is part of an example program for TQt. This example +** program may be used, distributed and modified without limitation. +** +*****************************************************************************/ + +#ifndef TICTAC_H +#define TICTAC_H + + +#include <<a href="qpushbutton-h.html">qpushbutton.h</a>> +#include <<a href="qptrvector-h.html">qptrvector.h</a>> + +class TQComboBox; +class TQLabel; + + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// TicTacButton implements a single tic-tac-toe button +// + +class TicTacButton : public <a href="qpushbutton.html">TQPushButton</a> +{ + <a href="metaobjects.html#Q_OBJECT">Q_OBJECT</a> +public: + TicTacButton( <a href="qwidget.html">TQWidget</a> *parent ); + enum Type { Blank, Circle, Cross }; + Type type() const { return t; } + void setType( Type type ) { t = type; repaint(); } + <a href="qsizepolicy.html">TQSizePolicy</a> sizePolicy() const + { return TQSizePolicy( TQSizePolicy::Preferred, TQSizePolicy::Preferred ); } + <a href="qsize.html">TQSize</a> sizeHint() const { return TQSize( 32, 32 ); } + <a href="qsize.html">TQSize</a> minimumSizeHint() const { return TQSize( 10, 10 ); } +protected: + void drawButtonLabel( <a href="qpainter.html">TQPainter</a> * ); +private: + Type t; +}; + +// Using template vector to make vector-class of TicTacButton. +// This vector is used by the TicTacGameBoard class defined below. + +typedef TQPtrVector<TicTacButton> TicTacButtons; +typedef TQMemArray<int> TicTacArray; + + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// TicTacGameBoard implements the tic-tac-toe game board. +// TicTacGameBoard is a composite widget that contains N x N TicTacButtons. +// N is specified in the constructor. +// + +class TicTacGameBoard : public <a href="qwidget.html">TQWidget</a> +{ + Q_OBJECT +public: + TicTacGameBoard( int n, TQWidget *parent=0, const char *name=0 ); + ~TicTacGameBoard(); + enum State { Init, HumansTurn, HumanWon, ComputerWon, NobodyWon }; + State state() const { return st; } + void computerStarts( bool v ); + void newGame(); +signals: + void finished(); // game finished +private slots: + void buttonClicked(); +private: + void setState( State state ) { st = state; } + void updateButtons(); + int checkBoard( TicTacArray * ); + void computerMove(); + State st; + int nBoard; + bool comp_starts; + TicTacArray *btArray; + TicTacButtons *buttons; +}; + + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// TicTacToe implements the complete game. +// TicTacToe is a composite widget that contains a TicTacGameBoard and +// two push buttons for starting the game and tquitting. +// + +class TicTacToe : public <a href="qwidget.html">TQWidget</a> +{ + Q_OBJECT +public: + TicTacToe( int boardSize=3, TQWidget *parent=0, const char *name=0 ); +private slots: + void newGameClicked(); + void gameOver(); +private: + void newState(); + <a href="qcombobox.html">TQComboBox</a> *whoStarts; + <a href="qpushbutton.html">TQPushButton</a> *newGame; + <a href="qpushbutton.html">TQPushButton</a> *tquit; + <a href="qlabel.html">TQLabel</a> *message; + TicTacGameBoard *board; +}; + + +#endif // TICTAC_H +</pre> + +<p> <hr> +<p> Implementation: +<p> <pre>/**************************************************************************** +** $Id: qt/tictac.cpp 3.3.8 edited Jan 11 14:37 $ +** +** Copyright (C) 1992-2007 Trolltech ASA. All rights reserved. +** +** This file is part of an example program for TQt. This example +** program may be used, distributed and modified without limitation. +** +*****************************************************************************/ + +#include "tictac.h" +#include <<a href="qapplication-h.html">qapplication.h</a>> +#include <<a href="qpainter-h.html">qpainter.h</a>> +#include <<a href="qdrawutil-h.html">qdrawutil.h</a>> +#include <<a href="qcombobox-h.html">qcombobox.h</a>> +#include <<a href="qcheckbox-h.html">qcheckbox.h</a>> +#include <<a href="qlabel-h.html">qlabel.h</a>> +#include <<a href="qlayout-h.html">qlayout.h</a>> +#include <stdlib.h> // rand() function +#include <<a href="qdatetime-h.html">qdatetime.h</a>> // seed for rand() + + +//*************************************************************************** +//* TicTacButton member functions +//*************************************************************************** + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Creates a TicTacButton +// + +<a name="f188"></a>TicTacButton::TicTacButton( <a href="qwidget.html">TQWidget</a> *parent ) : <a href="qpushbutton.html">TQPushButton</a>( parent ) +{ + t = Blank; // initial type +} + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Paints TicTacButton +// + +<a name="x31"></a>void TicTacButton::<a href="qbutton.html#drawButtonLabel">drawButtonLabel</a>( <a href="qpainter.html">TQPainter</a> *p ) +{ + <a href="qrect.html">TQRect</a> r = <a href="qwidget.html#rect">rect</a>(); + p-><a href="qpainter.html#setPen">setPen</a>( TQPen( white,2 ) ); // set fat pen + if ( t == Circle ) { +<a name="x36"></a><a name="x35"></a><a name="x28"></a> p-><a href="qpainter.html#drawEllipse">drawEllipse</a>( r.<a href="qrect.html#left">left</a>()+4, r.<a href="qrect.html#top">top</a>()+4, r.<a href="qrect.html#width">width</a>()-8, r.<a href="qrect.html#height">height</a>()-8 ); + } else if ( t == Cross ) { // draw cross +<a name="x37"></a><a name="x33"></a> p-><a href="qpainter.html#drawLine">drawLine</a>( r.<a href="qrect.html#topLeft">topLeft</a>() +TQPoint(4,4), r.<a href="qrect.html#bottomRight">bottomRight</a>()-TQPoint(4,4)); +<a name="x38"></a><a name="x32"></a> p-><a href="qpainter.html#drawLine">drawLine</a>( r.<a href="qrect.html#bottomLeft">bottomLeft</a>()+TQPoint(4,-4),r.<a href="qrect.html#topRight">topRight</a>() -TQPoint(4,-4)); + } +} + + +//*************************************************************************** +//* TicTacGameBoard member functions +//*************************************************************************** + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Creates a game board with N x N buttons and connects the "clicked()" +// signal of all buttons to the "buttonClicked()" slot. +// + +<a name="f189"></a>TicTacGameBoard::TicTacGameBoard( int n, TQWidget *parent, const char *name ) + : <a href="qwidget.html">TQWidget</a>( parent, name ) +{ + st = Init; // initial state + nBoard = n; + n *= n; // make square + comp_starts = FALSE; // human starts + buttons = new TicTacButtons(n); // create real buttons + btArray = new TicTacArray(n); // create button model + <a href="qgridlayout.html">TQGridLayout</a> * grid = new <a href="qgridlayout.html">TQGridLayout</a>( this, nBoard, nBoard, 4 ); + <a href="qpalette.html">TQPalette</a> p( blue ); + for ( int i=0; i<n; i++ ) { // create and connect buttons + TicTacButton *ttb = new TicTacButton( this ); +<a name="x45"></a> ttb-><a href="qwidget.html#setPalette">setPalette</a>( p ); + ttb-><a href="qwidget.html#setEnabled">setEnabled</a>( FALSE ); + <a href="qobject.html#connect">connect</a>( ttb, SIGNAL(<a href="qbutton.html#clicked">clicked</a>()), SLOT(buttonClicked()) ); + grid-><a href="qgridlayout.html#addWidget">addWidget</a>( ttb, i%nBoard, i/nBoard ); + buttons->insert( i, ttb ); + btArray->at(i) = TicTacButton::Blank; // initial button type + } +<a name="x40"></a> <a href="qtime.html">TQTime</a> t = TQTime::<a href="qtime.html#currentTime">currentTime</a>(); // set random seed +<a name="x43"></a><a name="x42"></a><a name="x41"></a> srand( t.<a href="qtime.html#hour">hour</a>()*12+t.<a href="qtime.html#minute">minute</a>()*60+t.<a href="qtime.html#second">second</a>()*60 ); +} + +TicTacGameBoard::~TicTacGameBoard() +{ + delete buttons; + delete btArray; +} + + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// TicTacGameBoard::computerStarts( bool v ) +// +// Computer starts if v=TRUE. The human starts by default. +// + +void <a name="f190"></a>TicTacGameBoard::computerStarts( bool v ) +{ + comp_starts = v; +} + + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// TicTacGameBoard::newGame() +// +// Clears the game board and prepares for a new game +// + +void <a name="f191"></a>TicTacGameBoard::newGame() +{ + st = HumansTurn; + for ( int i=0; i<nBoard*nBoard; i++ ) + btArray->at(i) = TicTacButton::Blank; + if ( comp_starts ) + computerMove(); + else + updateButtons(); +} + + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// TicTacGameBoard::buttonClicked() - SLOT +// +// This slot is activated when a TicTacButton emits the signal "clicked()", +// i.e. the user has clicked on a TicTacButton. +// + +void <a name="f192"></a>TicTacGameBoard::buttonClicked() +{ + if ( st != HumansTurn ) // not ready + return; + int i = buttons->findRef( (TicTacButton*)<a href="qobject.html#sender">sender</a>() ); + TicTacButton *b = buttons->at(i); // get piece that was pressed + if ( b->type() == TicTacButton::Blank ) { // empty piece? + btArray->at(i) = TicTacButton::Circle; + updateButtons(); + if ( checkBoard( btArray ) == 0 ) // not a winning move? + computerMove(); + int s = checkBoard( btArray ); + if ( s ) { // any winners yet? + st = s == TicTacButton::Circle ? HumanWon : ComputerWon; + emit finished(); + } + } +} + + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// TicTacGameBoard::updateButtons() +// +// Updates all buttons that have changed state +// + +void <a name="f193"></a>TicTacGameBoard::updateButtons() +{ + for ( int i=0; i<nBoard*nBoard; i++ ) { + if ( buttons->at(i)->type() != btArray->at(i) ) + buttons->at(i)->setType( (TicTacButton::Type)btArray->at(i) ); + buttons->at(i)->setEnabled( buttons->at(i)->type() == + TicTacButton::Blank ); + } +} + + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// TicTacGameBoard::checkBoard() +// +// Checks if one of the players won the game, works for any board size. +// +// Returns: +// - TicTacButton::Cross if the player with X buttons won +// - TicTacButton::Circle if the player with O buttons won +// - Zero (0) if there is no winner yet +// + +int <a name="f194"></a>TicTacGameBoard::checkBoard( TicTacArray *a ) +{ + int t = 0; + int row, col; + bool won = FALSE; + for ( row=0; row<nBoard && !won; row++ ) { // check horizontal + t = a->at(row*nBoard); + if ( t == TicTacButton::Blank ) + continue; + col = 1; + while ( col<nBoard && a->at(row*nBoard+col) == t ) + col++; + if ( col == nBoard ) + won = TRUE; + } + for ( col=0; col<nBoard && !won; col++ ) { // check vertical + t = a->at(col); + if ( t == TicTacButton::Blank ) + continue; + row = 1; + while ( row<nBoard && a->at(row*nBoard+col) == t ) + row++; + if ( row == nBoard ) + won = TRUE; + } + if ( !won ) { // check diagonal top left + t = a->at(0); // to bottom right + if ( t != TicTacButton::Blank ) { + int i = 1; + while ( i<nBoard && a->at(i*nBoard+i) == t ) + i++; + if ( i == nBoard ) + won = TRUE; + } + } + if ( !won ) { // check diagonal bottom left + int j = nBoard-1; // to top right + int i = 0; + t = a->at(i+j*nBoard); + if ( t != TicTacButton::Blank ) { + i++; j--; + while ( i<nBoard && a->at(i+j*nBoard) == t ) { + i++; j--; + } + if ( i == nBoard ) + won = TRUE; + } + } + if ( !won ) // no winner + t = 0; + return t; +} + + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// TicTacGameBoard::computerMove() +// +// Puts a piece on the game board. Very, very simple. +// + +void <a name="f195"></a>TicTacGameBoard::computerMove() +{ + int numButtons = nBoard*nBoard; + int *altv = new int[numButtons]; // buttons alternatives + int altc = 0; + int stopHuman = -1; + TicTacArray a = btArray->copy(); + int i; + for ( i=0; i<numButtons; i++ ) { // try all positions + if ( a[i] != TicTacButton::Blank ) // already a piece there + continue; + a[i] = TicTacButton::Cross; // test if computer wins + if ( checkBoard(&a) == a[i] ) { // computer will win + st = ComputerWon; + stopHuman = -1; + break; + } + a[i] = TicTacButton::Circle; // test if human wins + if ( checkBoard(&a) == a[i] ) { // oops... + stopHuman = i; // remember position + a[i] = TicTacButton::Blank; // restore button + continue; // computer still might win + } + a[i] = TicTacButton::Blank; // restore button + altv[altc++] = i; // remember alternative + } + if ( stopHuman >= 0 ) // must stop human from winning + a[stopHuman] = TicTacButton::Cross; + else if ( i == numButtons ) { // tried all alternatives + if ( altc > 0 ) // set random piece + a[altv[rand()%(altc--)]] = TicTacButton::Cross; + if ( altc == 0 ) { // no more blanks + st = NobodyWon; + emit finished(); + } + } + *btArray = a; // update model + updateButtons(); // update buttons + delete[] altv; +} + + +//*************************************************************************** +//* TicTacToe member functions +//*************************************************************************** + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Creates a game widget with a game board and two push buttons, and connects +// signals of child widgets to slots. +// + +<a name="f196"></a>TicTacToe::TicTacToe( int boardSize, TQWidget *parent, const char *name ) + : <a href="qwidget.html">TQWidget</a>( parent, name ) +{ + <a href="qvboxlayout.html">TQVBoxLayout</a> * l = new <a href="qvboxlayout.html">TQVBoxLayout</a>( this, 6 ); + + // Create a message label + + message = new <a href="qlabel.html">TQLabel</a>( this ); +<a name="x24"></a> message-><a href="qframe.html#setFrameStyle">setFrameStyle</a>( TQFrame::WinPanel | TQFrame::Sunken ); + message-><a href="qlabel.html#setAlignment">setAlignment</a>( AlignCenter ); + l-><a href="qboxlayout.html#addWidget">addWidget</a>( message ); + + // Create the game board and connect the signal finished() to this + // gameOver() slot + + board = new TicTacGameBoard( boardSize, this ); + <a href="qobject.html#connect">connect</a>( board, SIGNAL(finished()), SLOT(gameOver()) ); + l-><a href="qboxlayout.html#addWidget">addWidget</a>( board ); + + // Create a horizontal frame line + + <a href="qframe.html">TQFrame</a> *line = new <a href="qframe.html">TQFrame</a>( this ); + line-><a href="qframe.html#setFrameStyle">setFrameStyle</a>( TQFrame::HLine | TQFrame::Sunken ); + l-><a href="qboxlayout.html#addWidget">addWidget</a>( line ); + + // Create the combo box for deciding who should start, and + // connect its clicked() signals to the buttonClicked() slot + + whoStarts = new <a href="qcombobox.html">TQComboBox</a>( this ); +<a name="x23"></a> whoStarts-><a href="qcombobox.html#insertItem">insertItem</a>( "Computer starts" ); + whoStarts-><a href="qcombobox.html#insertItem">insertItem</a>( "Human starts" ); + l-><a href="qboxlayout.html#addWidget">addWidget</a>( whoStarts ); + + // Create the push buttons and connect their clicked() signals + // to this right slots. + + newGame = new <a href="qpushbutton.html">TQPushButton</a>( "Play!", this ); + <a href="qobject.html#connect">connect</a>( newGame, SIGNAL(<a href="qbutton.html#clicked">clicked</a>()), SLOT(newGameClicked()) ); + tquit = new <a href="qpushbutton.html">TQPushButton</a>( "Quit", this ); + <a href="qobject.html#connect">connect</a>( tquit, SIGNAL(<a href="qbutton.html#clicked">clicked</a>()), qApp, SLOT(<a href="qapplication.html#tquit">tquit</a>()) ); + <a href="qhboxlayout.html">TQHBoxLayout</a> * b = new <a href="qhboxlayout.html">TQHBoxLayout</a>; +<a name="x19"></a> l-><a href="qboxlayout.html#addLayout">addLayout</a>( b ); + b-><a href="qboxlayout.html#addWidget">addWidget</a>( newGame ); + b-><a href="qboxlayout.html#addWidget">addWidget</a>( tquit ); + + newState(); +} + + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// TicTacToe::newGameClicked() - SLOT +// +// This slot is activated when the new game button is clicked. +// + +void <a name="f197"></a>TicTacToe::newGameClicked() +{ +<a name="x22"></a> board->computerStarts( whoStarts-><a href="qcombobox.html#currentItem">currentItem</a>() == 0 ); + board->newGame(); + newState(); +} + + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// TicTacToe::gameOver() - SLOT +// +// This slot is activated when the TicTacGameBoard emits the signal +// "finished()", i.e. when a player has won or when it is a draw. +// + +void <a name="f198"></a>TicTacToe::gameOver() +{ + newState(); // update text box +} + + +// -------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// Updates the message to reflect a new state. +// + +void <a name="f199"></a>TicTacToe::newState() +{ + static const char *msg[] = { // TicTacGameBoard::State texts + "Click Play to start", "Make your move", + "You won!", "Computer won!", "It's a draw" }; + message-><a href="qlabel.html#setText">setText</a>( msg[board->state()] ); + return; +} +</pre> + +<p> <hr> +<p> Main: +<p> <pre>/**************************************************************************** +** $Id: qt/main.cpp 3.3.8 edited Jan 11 14:37 $ +** +** Copyright (C) 1992-2007 Trolltech ASA. All rights reserved. +** +** This file is part of an example program for TQt. This example +** program may be used, distributed and modified without limitation. +** +*****************************************************************************/ + +#include <<a href="qapplication-h.html">qapplication.h</a>> +#include <stdlib.h> +#include "tictac.h" + + +int main( int argc, char **argv ) +{ + <a href="qapplication.html">TQApplication</a> a( argc, argv ); + int n = 3; + if ( argc == 2 ) // get board size n + n = atoi(argv[1]); + if ( n < 3 || n > 10 ) { // out of range + <a href="qapplication.html#qWarning">qWarning</a>( "%s: Board size must be from 3x3 to 10x10", argv[0] ); + return 1; + } + TicTacToe ttt( n ); // create game + a.<a href="qapplication.html#setMainWidget">setMainWidget</a>( &ttt ); + ttt.<a href="qwidget.html#setCaption">setCaption</a>("TQt Example - TicTac"); + ttt.<a href="qwidget.html#show">show</a>(); // show widget + return a.<a href="qapplication.html#exec">exec</a>(); // go +} +</pre> + +<p>See also <a href="examples.html">Examples</a>. + +<!-- eof --> +<p><address><hr><div align=center> +<table width=100% cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> +<td>Copyright © 2007 +<a href="troll.html">Trolltech</a><td align=center><a href="trademarks.html">Trademarks</a> +<td align=right><div align=right>TQt 3.3.8</div> +</table></div></address></body> +</html> |