diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | x11vnc/README | 3659 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | x11vnc/connections.c | 47 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | x11vnc/enc.h | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | x11vnc/help.c | 150 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | x11vnc/pointer.c | 13 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | x11vnc/unixpw.c | 80 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | x11vnc/unixpw.h | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | x11vnc/user.c | 138 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | x11vnc/x11vnc.1 | 158 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | x11vnc/x11vnc.c | 3 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | x11vnc/x11vnc_defs.c | 2 |
11 files changed, 2336 insertions, 1919 deletions
diff --git a/x11vnc/README b/x11vnc/README index 5d21f4a..80269e3 100644 --- a/x11vnc/README +++ b/x11vnc/README @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Copyright (C) 2002-2009 Karl J. Runge <runge@karlrunge.com> All rights reserved. -x11vnc README file Date: Sat Jul 11 12:53:06 EDT 2009 +x11vnc README file Date: Mon Aug 10 13:38:13 EDT 2009 The following information is taken from these URLs: @@ -877,7 +877,7 @@ make I'd appreciate any additional testing very much. Thanks to those who suggested features and helped beta test x11vnc - 0.9.8 released in Mar 2009! + 0.9.8 released in Jul 2009! Please help test and debug the 0.9.9 version for release sometime in 2009. @@ -901,17 +901,28 @@ make Here are some features that will appear in the 0.9.9 release: + * The FINDDISPLAY and FINDCREATEDISPLAY modes (i.e. "[122]-display + WAIT:cmd=...", [123]-find, [124]-create) now work correctly for + the user-supplied login program scheme "[125]-unixpw_cmd ...", as + long as the login program supports running commands specified in + the environment variable "RFB_UNIXPW_CMD_RUN" as the logged-in + user. The mode "[126]-unixpw_nis ..." has also been made more + consistent. + * There is an experimental workaround: "-env X11VNC_WATCH_DX_DY=1" + that tries to avoid problems with poorly constructed menu themes + that place the initial position of the mouse cursor inside a menu + item's active zone. More information [127]can be found here. Here are some features that appeared in the 0.9.8 release: - * Stability improvements to [122]-threads mode. Running x11vnc this + * Stability improvements to [128]-threads mode. Running x11vnc this way is more reliable now. Threaded operation sometimes gives better interactive response and faster updates: try it out. The threaded mode now supports multiple VNC viewers using the same VNC encoding. The threaded mode can also yield a performance enhancement in the many client case (e.g. class-room broadcast.) We have tested with 30 to 50 simultaneous clients. See also - [123]-reflect. + [129]-reflect. For simultaneous clients: the ZRLE encoding is thread safe on all platforms, and the Tight and Zlib encodings are currently only thread safe on Linux where thread local storage, __thread, is @@ -920,12 +931,12 @@ make connected client, all encodings are safe on all platforms. Note that some features (e.g. scroll detection and -ncache) may be disabled or run with reduced functionality in -threads mode. - * Automatically tries to work around an [124]Xorg server bug + * Automatically tries to work around an [130]Xorg server bug involving infinitely repeating keys when turning off key - repeating. Use [125]-repeat if the automatic workaround fails. + repeating. Use [131]-repeat if the automatic workaround fails. * Improved reliability of the Single Port SSL VNC and HTTPS java viewer applet delivery mechanism. - * The [126]-clip mode works under [127]-rawfb. + * The [132]-clip mode works under [133]-rawfb. Here are some features that appeared in the 0.9.7 release: @@ -935,38 +946,38 @@ make case the special file /dev/vcsa2 is used to retrieve vt2's current text. Text and colors are shown, but no graphics. * Support for less than 8 bits per pixel framebuffers (e.g. 4 or 1 - bpp) in the [128]-rawfb mode. + bpp) in the [134]-rawfb mode. * The SSL enabled UltraVNC Java viewer applet now has a [Home] entry in the "drives" drop down menu. This menu can be configured with the ftpDropDown applet parameter. All of the applet parameters are documented in classes/ssl/README. - * Experimental support for [129]VirtualGL's [130]TurboVNC (an + * Experimental support for [135]VirtualGL's [136]TurboVNC (an enhanced TightVNC for fast LAN high framerate usage.) * The CUPS Terminal Services helper mode has been improved. - * Improvements to the [131]-ncache_cr that allows smooth opaque + * Improvements to the [137]-ncache_cr that allows smooth opaque window motions using the 'copyrect' encoding when using - [132]-ncache mode. - * The [133]-rmflag option enables a way to indicate to other + [138]-ncache mode. + * The [139]-rmflag option enables a way to indicate to other processes x11vnc has exited. * Reverse connections using anonymous Diffie Hellman SSL encryption now work. Here are some features that appeared in the 0.9.6 release: - * Support for [134]VeNCrypt SSL/TLS encrypted connections. It is - enabled by default in the [135]-ssl mode. VNC Viewers like + * Support for [140]VeNCrypt SSL/TLS encrypted connections. It is + enabled by default in the [141]-ssl mode. VNC Viewers like vinagre, gvncviewer/gtk-vnc, the vencrypt package, and others support this encryption mode. It can also be used with the - [136]-unixpw option to enable Unix username and password + [142]-unixpw option to enable Unix username and password authentication (VeNCrypt's "*Plain" modes.) A similar but older VNC security type "ANONTLS" (used by vino) is supported as well. - See the [137]-vencrypt and [138]-anontls options for additional + See the [143]-vencrypt and [144]-anontls options for additional control. The difference between x11vnc's normal -ssl mode and VeNCrypt is that the former wraps the entire VNC connection in SSL (like HTTPS does for HTTP, i.e. "vncs://") while VeNCrypt switches on the SSL/TLS at a certain point during the VNC handshake. Use - [139]-sslonly to disable both VeNCrypt and ANONTLS (vino.) - * The "[140]-ssl ANON" option enables Anonymous Diffie-Hellman (ADH) + [145]-sslonly to disable both VeNCrypt and ANONTLS (vino.) + * The "[146]-ssl ANON" option enables Anonymous Diffie-Hellman (ADH) key exchange for x11vnc's normal SSL/TLS operation. Note that Anonymous Diffie-Hellman uses encryption for privacy, but provides no authentication and so is susceptible to Man-In-The-Middle @@ -974,17 +985,17 @@ make SAVE", etc. and have the VNC viewer verify the cert.) The ANONTLS mode (vino) only supports ADH. VeNCrypt mode supports both ADH and regular X509 SSL certificates modes. For these ADH is enabled by - default. See [141]-vencrypt and [142]-anontls for how to disable + default. See [147]-vencrypt and [148]-anontls for how to disable ADH. * For x11vnc's SSL/TLS modes, one can now specify a Certificate - Revocation List (CRL) with the [143]-sslCRL option. This will only + Revocation List (CRL) with the [149]-sslCRL option. This will only be useful for wide deployments: say a company-wide x11vnc SSL access deployment using a central Certificate Authority (CA) via - [144]-sslGenCA and [145]-sslGenCert. This way if a user has his + [150]-sslGenCA and [151]-sslGenCert. This way if a user has his laptop lost or stolen, you only have to revoke his key instead of creating a new Certificate Authority and redeploying new keys to all users. - * The default SSL/TLS mode, "[146]-ssl" (no pem file parameter + * The default SSL/TLS mode, "[152]-ssl" (no pem file parameter supplied), is now the same as "-ssl SAVE" and will save the generated self-signed cert in "~/.vnc/certs/server.pem". Previously "-ssl" would create a temporary self-signed cert that @@ -994,45 +1005,45 @@ make same x11vnc server. Use "-ssl TMP" to regain the previous behavior. Use "-ssl SAVE_NOPROMPT" to avoid being prompted about using passphrase when the certificate is created. - * The option [147]-http_oneport enables single-port HTTP connections + * The option [153]-http_oneport enables single-port HTTP connections via the Java VNC Viewer. So, for example, the web browser URL "http://myhost.org:5900" works the same as "http://myhost.org:5800", but with the convenience of only involving one port instead of two. This works for both unencrypted - connections and for SSH tunnels (see [148]-httpsredir if the + connections and for SSH tunnels (see [154]-httpsredir if the tunnel port differs.) Note that HTTPS single-port operation in - [149]-ssl SSL encrypted mode has been available since x11vnc + [155]-ssl SSL encrypted mode has been available since x11vnc version 0.8.3. - * For the [150]-avahi/[151]-zeroconf Service Advertizing mode, if + * For the [156]-avahi/[157]-zeroconf Service Advertizing mode, if x11vnc was not compiled with the avahi-client library, then an external helper program, either avahi-publish(1) (on Unix) or dns-sd(1) (on Mac OS X), is used instead. - * The "[152]-rfbport PROMPT" option will prompt the user via the GUI + * The "[158]-rfbport PROMPT" option will prompt the user via the GUI to select the VNC port (e.g. 5901) to listen on, and a few other basic settings. This enables a handy GUI mode for naive users: x11vnc -gui tray=setpass -rfbport PROMPT -logfile $HOME/.x11vnc.log.%VNCDISP LAY suitable for putting in a launcher or menu, e.g. - [153]x11vnc.desktop. The [154]-logfile expansion is new too. In + [159]x11vnc.desktop. The [160]-logfile expansion is new too. In the GUI, the tray=setpass Properties panel has been improved. - * The [155]-solid solid background color option now works for the + * The [161]-solid solid background color option now works for the Mac OS X console. - * The [156]-reopen option instructs x11vnc to try to reopen the X + * The [162]-reopen option instructs x11vnc to try to reopen the X display if it is prematurely closed by, say, the display manager - (e.g. [157]GDM.) + (e.g. [163]GDM.) Here are some features that appeared in the 0.9.5 release: - * Symmetric key [158]encryption ciphers. ARC4, AES-128, AES-256, + * Symmetric key [164]encryption ciphers. ARC4, AES-128, AES-256, blowfish, and 3des are supported. Salt and initialization vector seeding is provided. These compliment the more widely used SSL and - SSH encryption access methods. [159]SSVNC also supports these + SSH encryption access methods. [165]SSVNC also supports these encryption modes. * Scaling differently along the X- and Y-directions. E.g. - "[160]-scale 1280x1024" or "-scale 0.8x0.75" Also, - "[161]-geometry WxH" is an alias for "-scale WxH" + "[166]-scale 1280x1024" or "-scale 0.8x0.75" Also, + "[167]-geometry WxH" is an alias for "-scale WxH" * By having SSVNC version 1.0.21 or later available in your $PATH, - the [162]-chatwindow option allows a UltraVNC Text Chat window to + the [168]-chatwindow option allows a UltraVNC Text Chat window to appear on the local X11 console/display (this way the remote viewer can chat with the person at the physical display; e.g. helpdesk mode.) This also works on the Mac OS X console if the @@ -1044,46 +1055,46 @@ LAY Here are some features that appeared in the 0.9.4 release: - * Improvements to the [163]-find and [164]-create X session finding + * Improvements to the [169]-find and [170]-create X session finding or creating modes: new desktop types and service redirection options. Personal cupsd daemon and SSH port redirection helper for - use with [165]SSVNC's Terminal Services feature. - * Reverse VNC connections via [166]-connect work in the [167]-find, - [168]-create and related [169]-display WAIT:... modes. + use with [171]SSVNC's Terminal Services feature. + * Reverse VNC connections via [172]-connect work in the [173]-find, + [174]-create and related [175]-display WAIT:... modes. * Reverse VNC connections (either normal or SSL) can use a Web Proxy or a SOCKS proxy, or a SSH connection, or even a CGI URL to make - the outgoing connection. See: [170]-proxy. Forward connections can - also use: [171]-ssh. - * Reverse VNC connections via the [172]UltraVNC repeater proxy + the outgoing connection. See: [176]-proxy. Forward connections can + also use: [177]-ssh. + * Reverse VNC connections via the [178]UltraVNC repeater proxy (either normal or SSL) are supported. Use either the - "[173]-connect repeater=ID:NNNN+host:port" or "[174]-connect - repeater://host:port+ID:NNNN" notation. The [175]SSVNC VNC viewer + "[179]-connect repeater=ID:NNNN+host:port" or "[180]-connect + repeater://host:port+ID:NNNN" notation. The [181]SSVNC VNC viewer also supports the UltraVNC repeater. * Support for indexed colormaps (PseudoColor) with depths other than 8 (from 1 to 16 now work) for non-standard hardware. Option - "[176]-advertise_truecolor" to handle some workaround in this + "[182]-advertise_truecolor" to handle some workaround in this mode. * Support for the ZYWRLE encoding, this is the RealVNC ZRLE encoding extended to do motion video and photo regions more efficiently by way of a Wavelet based transformation. - * The [177]-finddpy and [178]-listdpy utilities help to debug and - configure the [179]-find, [180]-create, and [181]-display WAIT:... + * The [183]-finddpy and [184]-listdpy utilities help to debug and + configure the [185]-find, [186]-create, and [187]-display WAIT:... modes. * Some automatic detection of screen resizes are handled even if the - [182]-xrandr option is not supplied. - * The [183]-autoport options gives more control over the VNC port + [188]-xrandr option is not supplied. + * The [189]-autoport options gives more control over the VNC port x11vnc chooses. - * The [184]-ping secs can be used to help keep idle connections + * The [190]-ping secs can be used to help keep idle connections alive. * Pasting of the selection/clipboard into remote applications (e.g. Java) has been improved. * Fixed a bug if a client disconnects during the 'speed-estimation' phase. * To unset Caps_Lock, Num_Lock and raise all keys in the X server - use [185]-clear_all. + use [191]-clear_all. * Usage with dvorak keyboards has been improved. See also: - [186]-xkb. - * The [187]Java Viewer applet source code is now included in the + [192]-xkb. + * The [193]Java Viewer applet source code is now included in the x11vnc-0.9.*.tar.gz tarball. This means you can now build the Java viewer applet jar files from source. If you stopped shipping the Java viewer applet jar files due to lack of source code, you can @@ -1091,7 +1102,7 @@ LAY Here are some features that appeared in the 0.9.3 release: - * [188]Viewer-side pixmap caching. A large area of pixels (at least + * [194]Viewer-side pixmap caching. A large area of pixels (at least 2-3 times as big as the framebuffer itself; the bigger the better... default is 10X) is placed below the framebuffer to act as a buffer/cache area for pixel data. The VNC CopyRect encoding @@ -1099,7 +1110,7 @@ LAY Until we start modifying viewers you will be able to see the cache area if you scroll down (this makes it easier to debug!) For testing the default is "-ncache 10". The unix Enhanced TightVNC - Viewer [189]ssvnc has a nice [190]-ycrop option to help hide the + Viewer [195]ssvnc has a nice [196]-ycrop option to help hide the pixel cache area from view. @@ -1112,14 +1123,14 @@ LAY * If UltraVNC file transfer or chat is detected, then VNC clients are "pinged" more often to prevent these side channels from becoming serviced too infrequently. - * In [191]-unixpw mode in the username and password dialog no text + * In [197]-unixpw mode in the username and password dialog no text will be echoed if the first character sent is "Escape". This enables a convenience feature in SSVNC to send the username and password automatically. Here are some features that appeared in the 0.9.1 release: - * The [192]UltraVNC Java viewer has been enhanced to support SSL (as + * The [198]UltraVNC Java viewer has been enhanced to support SSL (as the TightVNC viewer had been previously.) The UltraVNC Java supports ultravnc filetransfer, and so can be used as a VNC viewer on Unix that supports ultravnc filetransfer. It is in the @@ -1130,12 +1141,12 @@ LAY Some other bugs in the UltraVNC Java viewer were fixed and a few improvements to the UI made. * A new Unix username login mode for VNC Viewers authenticated via a - Client SSL Certificate: "[193]-users sslpeer=". The emailAddress + Client SSL Certificate: "[199]-users sslpeer=". The emailAddress subject field is inspected for username@hostname and then acts as though "-users +username" has been supplied. This way the Unix username is identified by (i.e. simply extracted from) the Client - SSL Certificate. This could be useful with [194]-find, - [195]-create and [196]-svc modes if you are also have set up and + SSL Certificate. This could be useful with [200]-find, + [201]-create and [202]-svc modes if you are also have set up and use VNC Client SSL Certificate authentication. * For external display finding/creating programs (e.g. WAIT:cmd=...) if the VNC Viewer is authenticated via a Client SSL Certificate, @@ -1144,41 +1155,41 @@ LAY Here are some features that appeared in the 0.9 release: - * [197]VNC Service advertising via mDNS / ZeroConf / BonJour with - the [198]Avahi client library. Enable via "[199]-avahi" or - "[200]-zeroconf". + * [203]VNC Service advertising via mDNS / ZeroConf / BonJour with + the [204]Avahi client library. Enable via "[205]-avahi" or + "[206]-zeroconf". * Implementations of UltraVNC's TextChat, SingleWindow, and - ServerInput extensions (requires ultravnc viewer or [201]ssvnc + ServerInput extensions (requires ultravnc viewer or [207]ssvnc Unix viewer.) They toggle the selection of a single window - ([202]-id), and disable (friendly) user input and viewing (monitor + ([208]-id), and disable (friendly) user input and viewing (monitor blank) at the VNC server. - * Short aliases "[203]-find", "[204]-create", "[205]-svc", and - "[206]-xdmsvc" for commonly used FINDCREATEDISPLAY usage modes. + * Short aliases "[209]-find", "[210]-create", "[211]-svc", and + "[212]-xdmsvc" for commonly used FINDCREATEDISPLAY usage modes. * Reverse VNC connections (viewer listening) now work in SSL - ([207]-ssl) mode. + ([213]-ssl) mode. * New options to control the Monitor power state and keyboard/mouse - grabbing: [208]-forcedpms, [209]-clientdpms, [210]-noserverdpms, - and [211]-grabalways. + grabbing: [214]-forcedpms, [215]-clientdpms, [216]-noserverdpms, + and [217]-grabalways. * A simple way to emulate inetd(8) to some degree via the - "[212]-loopbg" option. - * Monitor the accuracy of XDAMAGE and apply "[213]-noxdamage" if it - is not working well. OpenGL applications like like [214]beryl and + "[218]-loopbg" option. + * Monitor the accuracy of XDAMAGE and apply "[219]-noxdamage" if it + is not working well. OpenGL applications like like [220]beryl and MythTv have been shown to make XDAMAGE not work properly. * For Java SSL connections involving a router/firewall port - redirection, an option [215]-httpsredir to spare the user from + redirection, an option [221]-httpsredir to spare the user from needing to include &PORT=NNN in the browser URL. Here are some features that appeared in the 0.8.4 release: - * Native [216]Mac OS X Aqua/Quartz support. (i.e. OSXvnc + * Native [222]Mac OS X Aqua/Quartz support. (i.e. OSXvnc alternative; some activities are faster) - * A [217]new login mode: "-display WAIT:cmd=FINDCREATEDISPLAY + * A [223]new login mode: "-display WAIT:cmd=FINDCREATEDISPLAY -unixpw ..." that will Create a new X session (either virtual or real and with or without a display manager, e.g. kdm) for the user if it cannot find the user's X session display via the FINDDISPLAY - method. See the [218]-svc and the [219]-xdmsvc aliases. - * x11vnc can act as a VNC [220]reflector/repeater using the - "[221]-reflect host:N" option. Instead of polling an X display, + method. See the [224]-svc and the [225]-xdmsvc aliases. + * x11vnc can act as a VNC [226]reflector/repeater using the + "[227]-reflect host:N" option. Instead of polling an X display, the remote VNC Server host:N is connected to and re-exported via VNC. This is intended for use in broadcasting a display to many (e.g. > 16; classroom or large demo) VNC viewers where bandwidth @@ -1186,16 +1197,16 @@ LAY number of repeaters. * Wireframe copyrect detection for local user activity (e.g. someone sitting at the physical display moving windows) Use - [222]-nowireframelocal to disable. - * The "[223]-N" option couples the VNC Display number to the X + [228]-nowireframelocal to disable. + * The "[229]-N" option couples the VNC Display number to the X Display number. E.g. if your X DISPLAY is :2 then the VNC display will be :2 (i.e. using port 5902.) If that port is taken x11vnc will exit. - * Option [224]-nodpms to avoid problems with programs like KDE's + * Option [230]-nodpms to avoid problems with programs like KDE's kdesktop_lock that keep restarting the screen saver every few seconds. * To automatically fix the common mouse motion problem on XINERAMA - (multi-headed) displays, the [225]-xwarppointer option is enabled + (multi-headed) displays, the [231]-xwarppointer option is enabled by default when XINERAMA is active. If you have a Mac please try out the native Mac OS X support, build @@ -1205,62 +1216,62 @@ LAY Here are some features that appeared in the 0.8.3 release: - * The [226]-ssl option provides SSL encryption and authentication - natively via the [227]www.openssl.org library. One can use from a + * The [232]-ssl option provides SSL encryption and authentication + natively via the [233]www.openssl.org library. One can use from a simple self-signed certificate server certificate up to full CA and client certificate authentication schemes. - * Similar to -ssl, the [228]-stunnel option starts up a SSL tunnel + * Similar to -ssl, the [234]-stunnel option starts up a SSL tunnel server stunnel (that must be installed separately on the system: - [229]www.stunnel.org [230]stunnel.mirt.net ) to allow only + [235]www.stunnel.org [236]stunnel.mirt.net ) to allow only encrypted SSL connections from the network. - * The [231]-sslverify option allows for authenticating VNC clients + * The [237]-sslverify option allows for authenticating VNC clients via their certificates in either -ssl or -stunnel modes. * Certificate creation and management tools are provide in the - [232]-sslGenCert, [233]-sslGenCA, and [234]related options. + [238]-sslGenCert, [239]-sslGenCA, and [240]related options. * An SSL enabled Java applet VNC Viewer applet is provided by x11vnc in classes/ssl/VncViewer.jar. In addition to normal HTTP, the applet may be loaded into the web browser via HTTPS (HTTP over SSL.) (one can use the VNC port, e.g. https://host:5900/, or also - the separate [235]-https port option.) A wrapper shell script - [236]ss_vncviewer is also provided that sets up a stunnel - client-side tunnel on Unix systems. See [237]Enhanced TightVNC + the separate [241]-https port option.) A wrapper shell script + [242]ss_vncviewer is also provided that sets up a stunnel + client-side tunnel on Unix systems. See [243]Enhanced TightVNC Viewer (SSVNC) for other SSL/SSH viewer possibilities. - * The [238]-unixpw option supports Unix username and password - authentication (a simpler variant is the [239]-unixpw_nis option + * The [244]-unixpw option supports Unix username and password + authentication (a simpler variant is the [245]-unixpw_nis option that works in environments where the encrypted passwords are - readable, e.g. NIS.) The [240]-ssl or [241]-localhost + - [242]-stunnel options are enforced in this mode to prevent + readable, e.g. NIS.) The [246]-ssl or [247]-localhost + + [248]-stunnel options are enforced in this mode to prevent password sniffing. As a convenience, these requirements are lifted if a SSH tunnel can be deduced (but -localhost still applies.) - * Coupling [243]-unixpw with "[244]-display WAIT:cmd=FINDDISPLAY" or + * Coupling [249]-unixpw with "[250]-display WAIT:cmd=FINDDISPLAY" or "-display WAIT:cmd=FINDCREATEDISPLAY" provides a way to allow a user to login with their UNIX password and have their display - connected to [245]automatically. See the [246]-svc and the - [247]-xdmsvc aliases. - * Hooks are provided in the [248]-unixpw_cmd and "[249]-passwdfile + connected to [251]automatically. See the [252]-svc and the + [253]-xdmsvc aliases. + * Hooks are provided in the [254]-unixpw_cmd and "[255]-passwdfile cmd:,custom:..." options to allow you to supply your own authentication and password lookup programs. * x11vnc can be configured and built to not depend on X11 libraries - "./configure --without-x" for [250]-rawfb only operation (e.g. + "./configure --without-x" for [256]-rawfb only operation (e.g. embedded linux console devices.) - * The [251]-rotate option enables you to rotate or reflect the + * The [257]-rotate option enables you to rotate or reflect the screen before exporting via VNC. This is intended for use on handhelds and other devices where the rotation orientation is not "natural". - * The "[252]-ultrafilexfer" alias is provided and improved UltraVNC + * The "[258]-ultrafilexfer" alias is provided and improved UltraVNC filetransfer rates have been achieved. - * Under the "[253]-connect_or_exit host" option x11vnc will exit + * Under the "[259]-connect_or_exit host" option x11vnc will exit immediately unless the reverse connection to host succeeds. The "-rfbport 0" option disables TCP listening for connections (useful for this mode.) - * The "[254]-rawfb rand" and "-rawfb none" options are useful for + * The "[260]-rawfb rand" and "-rawfb none" options are useful for testing automation scripts, etc., without requiring a full desktop. - * Reduced spewing of information at startup, use "[255]-verbose" + * Reduced spewing of information at startup, use "[261]-verbose" (also "-v") to turn it back on for debugging or if you are going to send me a problem report. - Here are some [256]Previous Release Notes + Here are some [262]Previous Release Notes _________________________________________________________________ Some Notes: @@ -1287,13 +1298,13 @@ LAY protocol.) I suggest using xsetroot, dtstyle or similar utility to set a solid background while using x11vnc. You can turn the pretty background image back on when you are using the display directly. - Update: As of Feb/2005 x11vnc has the [257]-solid [color] option that + Update: As of Feb/2005 x11vnc has the [263]-solid [color] option that works on recent GNOME, KDE, and CDE and also on classic X (background image is on the root window.) Update: As of Oct/2007 x11vnc has the - [258]-ncache option that does a reasonable job caching the background + [264]-ncache option that does a reasonable job caching the background (and other) pixmap data on the viewer side. - I also find the [259]TightVNC encoding gives the best response for my + I also find the [265]TightVNC encoding gives the best response for my usage (Unix <-> Unix over cable modem.) One needs a tightvnc-aware vncviewer to take advantage of this encoding. @@ -1305,17 +1316,17 @@ LAY is X11's default listening port.) Had port 5900 been taken by some other application, x11vnc would have next tried 5901. That would mean the viewer command above should be changed to vncviewer - far-away.east:1. You can force the port with the "[260]-rfbport NNNN" + far-away.east:1. You can force the port with the "[266]-rfbport NNNN" option where NNNN is the desired port number. If that port is already - taken, x11vnc will exit immediately. The "[261]-N" option will try to + taken, x11vnc will exit immediately. The "[267]-N" option will try to match the VNC display number to the X display. (also see the "SunRay Gotcha" note below) Options: x11vnc has (far too) many features that may be activated - via its [262]command line options. Useful options are, e.g., -scale to + via its [268]command line options. Useful options are, e.g., -scale to do server-side scaling, and -rfbauth passwd-file to use VNC password protection (the vncpasswd or storepasswd programs, or the x11vnc - [263]-storepasswd option can be used to create the password file.) + [269]-storepasswd option can be used to create the password file.) Algorithm: How does x11vnc do it? Rather brute-forcedly: it continuously polls the X11 framebuffer for changes using @@ -1343,7 +1354,7 @@ LAY first testing out the programs. You get an interesting recursive/feedback effect where vncviewer images keep popping up each one contained in the previous one and slightly shifted a bit by the - window manager decorations. There will be an [264]even more + window manager decorations. There will be an [270]even more interesting effect if -scale is used. Also, if the XKEYBOARD is supported and the XBell "beeps" once, you get an infinite loop of beeps going off. Although all of this is mildly exciting it is not @@ -1353,8 +1364,8 @@ LAY Sun Ray Notes: - You can run x11vnc on your (connected or disconnected) [265]SunRay - session. Here are some [266]notes on SunRay usage with x11vnc. + You can run x11vnc on your (connected or disconnected) [271]SunRay + session. Here are some [272]notes on SunRay usage with x11vnc. _________________________________________________________________ @@ -1366,7 +1377,7 @@ LAY than you normally do to minimize the effects (e.g. do fullpage paging rather than line-by-line scrolling, and move windows in a single, quick motion.) Recent work has provided the - [267]-scrollcopyrect and [268]-wireframe speedups using the + [273]-scrollcopyrect and [274]-wireframe speedups using the CopyRect VNC encoding and other things, but they only speed up some activities, not all. * A rate limiting factor for x11vnc performance is that graphics @@ -1425,18 +1436,18 @@ LAY but we mention it because it may be of use for special purpose applications. You may need to use the "-cc 4" option to force Xvfb to use a TrueColor visual instead of DirectColor. See also the - description of the [269]-create option that does all of this + description of the [275]-create option that does all of this automatically for you. Also, a faster and more accurate way is to use the "dummy" XFree86/Xorg device driver (or our Xdummy wrapper script.) See - [270]this FAQ for details. + [276]this FAQ for details. * Somewhat surprisingly, the X11 mouse (cursor) shape is write-only and cannot be queried from the X server. So traditionally in x11vnc the cursor shape stays fixed at an arrow. (see the "-cursor - X" and "-cursor some" [271]options, however, for a partial hack + X" and "-cursor some" [277]options, however, for a partial hack for the root window, etc.) However, on Solaris using the SUN_OVL overlay extension, x11vnc can show the correct mouse cursor when - the [272]-overlay option is also supplied. A similar thing is done + the [278]-overlay option is also supplied. A similar thing is done on IRIX as well when -overlay is supplied. More generally, as of Dec/2004 x11vnc supports the new XFIXES extension (in Xorg and Solaris 10) to query the X server for the @@ -1444,18 +1455,18 @@ LAY with transparency (alpha channel) need to approximated to solid RGB values (some cursors look worse than others.) * Audio from applications is of course not redirected (separate - redirectors do exist, e.g. esd, see [273]the FAQ on this below.) + redirectors do exist, e.g. esd, see [279]the FAQ on this below.) The XBell() "beeps" will work if the X server supports the XKEYBOARD extension. (Note that on Solaris XKEYBOARD is disabled by default. Passing +kb to Xsun enables it.) - * The scroll detection algorithm for the [274]-scrollcopyrect option + * The scroll detection algorithm for the [280]-scrollcopyrect option can give choppy or bunched up transient output and occasionally painting errors. * Using -threads can expose some bugs/crashes in libvncserver. - Please feel free to [275]contact me if you have any questions, + Please feel free to [281]contact me if you have any questions, problems, or comments about x11vnc, etc. - Also, some people ask if they can make a donation, see [276]this link + Also, some people ask if they can make a donation, see [282]this link for that. References @@ -1552,7 +1563,7 @@ References 90. http://sourceforge.net/projects/libvncserver/ 91. http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=32584&package_id=119006&release_id=695585 92. http://sourceforge.net/project/shownotes.php?group_id=32584&release_id=695585 - 93. http://x11vnc.sourceforge.net/dev/x11vnc-0.9.8.tar.gz + 93. http://x11vnc.sourceforge.net/dev/x11vnc-0.9.9.tar.gz 94. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-binaries 95. http://www.tightvnc.com/download.html 96. http://www.realvnc.com/products/free/4.1/download.html @@ -1573,7 +1584,7 @@ References 111. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-solaris251build 112. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-macosx 113. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-ssl-tunnel-int - 114. http://x11vnc.sourceforge.net/dev/x11vnc-0.9.8.tar.gz + 114. http://x11vnc.sourceforge.net/dev/x11vnc-0.9.9.tar.gz 115. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/bins 116. mailto:xvml@karlrunge.com 117. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-ssl-tunnel-int @@ -1581,161 +1592,167 @@ References 119. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-ssl-tunnel-ext 120. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/ssvnc.html 121. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-enc - 122. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-threads - 123. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-reflect - 124. http://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=21454 - 125. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-repeat - 126. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-clip - 127. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-rawfb - 128. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-rawfb - 129. http://www.virtualgl.org/ - 130. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-turbovnc - 131. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-ncache_cr - 132. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-ncache - 133. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-rmflag - 134. http://sourceforge.net/projects/vencrypt/ - 135. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-ssl - 136. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-unixpw - 137. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-vencrypt - 138. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-anontls - 139. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-sslonly - 140. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-ssl - 141. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-vencrypt - 142. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-anontls - 143. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-sslCRL - 144. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-sslGenCA - 145. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-sslGenCert + 122. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-display_WAIT + 123. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-find + 124. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-create + 125. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-unixpw_cmd + 126. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-unixpw_nis + 127. http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1223490 + 128. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-threads + 129. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-reflect + 130. http://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=21454 + 131. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-repeat + 132. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-clip + 133. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-rawfb + 134. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-rawfb + 135. http://www.virtualgl.org/ + 136. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-turbovnc + 137. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-ncache_cr + 138. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-ncache + 139. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-rmflag + 140. http://sourceforge.net/projects/vencrypt/ + 141. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-ssl + 142. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-unixpw + 143. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-vencrypt + 144. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-anontls + 145. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-sslonly 146. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-ssl - 147. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-http_oneport - 148. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-httpsredir - 149. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-ssl - 150. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-avahi - 151. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-zeroconf - 152. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-rfbport - 153. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc.desktop - 154. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-o - 155. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-solid - 156. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-reopen - 157. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#infaq_gdm - 158. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-enc - 159. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/ssvnc.html - 160. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-scale - 161. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-geometry - 162. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-chatwindow - 163. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-find - 164. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-create + 147. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-vencrypt + 148. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-anontls + 149. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-sslCRL + 150. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-sslGenCA + 151. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-sslGenCert + 152. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-ssl + 153. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-http_oneport + 154. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-httpsredir + 155. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-ssl + 156. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-avahi + 157. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-zeroconf + 158. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-rfbport + 159. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc.desktop + 160. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-o + 161. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-solid + 162. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-reopen + 163. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#infaq_gdm + 164. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-enc 165. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/ssvnc.html - 166. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-reverse-connect - 167. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-find - 168. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-create - 169. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#infaq_findcreatedisplay - 170. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-proxy - 171. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-ssh - 172. http://www.uvnc.com/addons/repeater.html - 173. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-reverse-connect - 174. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-connect - 175. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/ssvnc.html - 176. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-advertise_truecolor - 177. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-finddpy - 178. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-listdpy - 179. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-find - 180. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-create - 181. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#infaq_findcreatedisplay - 182. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-xrandr - 183. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-autoport - 184. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-ping - 185. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-clear_all - 186. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-xkb - 187. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-ssl-tunnel-viewers - 188. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-client-caching - 189. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/ssvnc.html - 190. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/ssvnc.html#ycrop - 191. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-unixpw - 192. http://www.ultravnc.com/ - 193. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-users - 194. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-create - 195. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-create - 196. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-create - 197. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-avahi - 198. http://www.avahi.org/ - 199. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-avahi - 200. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-zeroconf - 201. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/ssvnc.html - 202. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-id - 203. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-find - 204. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-create - 205. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-svc - 206. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-xdmsvc - 207. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-ssl - 208. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-forcedpms - 209. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-clientdpms - 210. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-noserverdpms - 211. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-grabalways - 212. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-loop - 213. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-noxdamage - 214. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-beryl - 215. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-httpsredir - 216. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-macosx - 217. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#infaq_findcreatedisplay - 218. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-svc - 219. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-xdmsvc - 220. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-reflect - 221. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-reflect - 222. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-nowireframelocal - 223. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-N - 224. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-nodpms - 225. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-xwarppointer - 226. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-ssl - 227. http://www.openssl.org/ - 228. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-stunnel - 229. http://www.stunnel.org/ - 230. http://stunnel.mirt.net/ - 231. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-sslverify - 232. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-sslGenCert - 233. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-sslGenCA - 234. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/ssl.html - 235. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-https - 236. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#infaq_ss_vncviewer - 237. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/ssvnc.html - 238. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-unixpw - 239. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-unixpw_nis - 240. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-ssl - 241. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-localhost - 242. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-stunnel - 243. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-unixpw - 244. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-display_WAIT - 245. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-userlogin - 246. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-svc - 247. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-xdmsvc - 248. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-unixpw_cmd - 249. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-passwdfile - 250. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-rawfb - 251. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-rotate - 252. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-ultrafilexfer - 253. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-connect_or_exit - 254. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-rawfb - 255. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-v, - 256. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/prevrels.html 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http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html: [19]Q-17: When I start x11vnc on an Alpha Tru64 workstation the X server crashes! - [20]Q-18: Are there any build-time customizations possible, e.g. + [20]Q-18: When running x11vnc on an IBM AIX workstation after a few + minutes the VNC connection freezes. + + [21]Q-19: Are there any build-time customizations possible, e.g. change defaults, create a smaller binary, etc? [Win2VNC Related] - [21]Q-19: I have two separate machine displays in front of me, one + [22]Q-20: I have two separate machine displays in front of me, one Windows the other X11: can I use x11vnc in combination with Win2VNC in dual-screen mode to pass the keystrokes and mouse motions to the X11 display? - [22]Q-20: I am running Win2VNC on my Windows machine and "x11vnc + [23]Q-21: I am running Win2VNC on my Windows machine and "x11vnc -nofb" on Unix to pass keyboard and mouse to the Unix monitor. Whenever I start Win2VNC it quickly disconnects and x11vnc says: rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: read: Connection reset by peer - [23]Q-21: Can I run "x11vnc -nofb" on a Mac OS X machine to redirect + [24]Q-22: Can I run "x11vnc -nofb" on a Mac OS X machine to redirect mouse and keyboard input to it from Windows and X11 machines via Win2VNC and x2vnc, respectively? [Color Issues] - [24]Q-22: The X display I run x11vnc on is only 8 bits per pixel (bpp) + [25]Q-23: The X display I run x11vnc on is only 8 bits per pixel (bpp) PseudoColor (i.e. only 256 distinct colors.) The x11vnc colors may start out OK, but after a while they are incorrect in certain windows. - [25]Q-23: Color problems: Why are the colors for some windows + [26]Q-24: Color problems: Why are the colors for some windows incorrect in x11vnc? BTW, my X display has nice overlay/multi-depth visuals of different color depths: e.g. there are both depth 8 and 24 visuals available at the same time. - [26]Q-24: I am on a high color system (depth >= 24) but I seem to have + [27]Q-25: I am on a high color system (depth >= 24) but I seem to have colormap problems. They either flash or everything is very dark. - [27]Q-25: How do I figure out the window id to supply to the -id + [28]Q-26: How do I figure out the window id to supply to the -id windowid option? - [28]Q-26: Why don't menus or other transient windows come up when I am + [29]Q-27: Why don't menus or other transient windows come up when I am using the -id windowid option to view a single application window? - [29]Q-27: My X display is depth 24 at 24bpp (instead of the normal + [30]Q-28: My X display is depth 24 at 24bpp (instead of the normal depth 24 at 32bpp.) I'm having lots of color and visual problems with x11vnc and/or vncviewer. What's up? [Xterminals] - [30]Q-28: Can I use x11vnc to view and interact with an Xterminal + [31]Q-29: Can I use x11vnc to view and interact with an Xterminal (e.g. NCD) that is not running UNIX and so x11vnc cannot be run on it directly? - [31]Q-29: How do I get my X permissions (MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE file) + [32]Q-30: How do I get my X permissions (MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE file) correct for a Unix/Linux machine acting as an Xterminal? [Sun Rays] - [32]Q-30: I'm having trouble using x11vnc with my Sun Ray session. + [33]Q-31: I'm having trouble using x11vnc with my Sun Ray session. [Remote Control] - [33]Q-31: How do I stop x11vnc once it is running in the background? + [34]Q-32: How do I stop x11vnc once it is running in the background? - [34]Q-32: Can I change settings in x11vnc without having to restart + [35]Q-33: Can I change settings in x11vnc without having to restart it? Can I remote control it? [Security and Permissions] - [35]Q-33: How do I create a VNC password for use with x11vnc? + [36]Q-34: How do I create a VNC password for use with x11vnc? - [36]Q-34: Can I make it so -storepasswd doesn't show my password on + [37]Q-35: Can I make it so -storepasswd doesn't show my password on the screen? - [37]Q-35: Can I have two passwords for VNC viewers, one for full + [38]Q-36: Can I have two passwords for VNC viewers, one for full access and the other for view-only access to the display? - [38]Q-36: Can I have as many full-access and view-only passwords as I + [39]Q-37: Can I have as many full-access and view-only passwords as I like? - [39]Q-37: Does x11vnc support Unix usernames and passwords? Can I + [40]Q-38: Does x11vnc support Unix usernames and passwords? Can I further limit the set of Unix usernames who can connect to the VNC desktop? - [40]Q-38: Can I supply an external program to provide my own custom + [41]Q-39: Can I supply an external program to provide my own custom login method (e.g. Dynamic/One-time passwords or non-Unix (LDAP) usernames and passwords)? - [41]Q-39: Why does x11vnc exit as soon as the VNC viewer disconnects? + [42]Q-40: Why does x11vnc exit as soon as the VNC viewer disconnects? And why doesn't it allow more than one VNC viewer to connect at the same time? - [42]Q-40: Can I limit which machines incoming VNC clients can connect + [43]Q-41: Can I limit which machines incoming VNC clients can connect from? - [43]Q-41: How do I build x11vnc/libvncserver with libwrap + [44]Q-42: How do I build x11vnc/libvncserver with libwrap (tcp_wrappers) support? - [44]Q-42: Can I have x11vnc only listen on one network interface (e.g. + [45]Q-43: Can I have x11vnc only listen on one network interface (e.g. internal LAN) rather than having it listen on all network interfaces and relying on -allow to filter unwanted connections out? - [45]Q-43: Now that -localhost implies listening only on the loopback + [46]Q-44: Now that -localhost implies listening only on the loopback interface, how I can occasionally allow in a non-localhost via the -R allowonce remote control command? - [46]Q-44: Can I fine tune what types of user input are allowed? E.g. + [47]Q-45: Can I fine tune what types of user input are allowed? E.g. have some users just be able to move the mouse, but not click or type anything? - [47]Q-45: Can I prompt the user at the local X display whether the + [48]Q-46: Can I prompt the user at the local X display whether the incoming VNC client should be accepted or not? Can I decide to make some clients view-only? How about running an arbitrary program to make the decisions? - [48]Q-46: I start x11vnc as root because it is launched via inetd(8) + [49]Q-47: I start x11vnc as root because it is launched via inetd(8) or a display manager like gdm(1). Can I have x11vnc later switch to a different user? - [49]Q-47: I use a screen-lock when I leave my workstation (e.g. + [50]Q-48: I use a screen-lock when I leave my workstation (e.g. xscreensaver or xlock.) When I remotely access my workstation desktop via x11vnc I can unlock the desktop fine, but I am worried people will see my activities on the physical monitor. What can I do to prevent this, or at least make it more difficult? - [50]Q-48: Can I have x11vnc automatically lock the screen when I + [51]Q-49: Can I have x11vnc automatically lock the screen when I disconnect the VNC viewer? [Encrypted Connections] - [51]Q-49: How can I tunnel my connection to x11vnc via an encrypted + [52]Q-50: How can I tunnel my connection to x11vnc via an encrypted SSH channel between two Unix machines? - [52]Q-50: How can I tunnel my connection to x11vnc via an encrypted + [53]Q-51: How can I tunnel my connection to x11vnc via an encrypted SSH channel from Windows using an SSH client like Putty? - [53]Q-51: How can I tunnel my connection to x11vnc via an encrypted + [54]Q-52: How can I tunnel my connection to x11vnc via an encrypted SSL channel using an external tool like stunnel? - [54]Q-52: Does x11vnc have built-in SSL tunneling? + [55]Q-53: Does x11vnc have built-in SSL tunneling? - [55]Q-53: How do I use VNC Viewers with built-in SSL tunneling? + [56]Q-54: How do I use VNC Viewers with built-in SSL tunneling? - [56]Q-54: How do I use the Java applet VNC Viewer with built-in SSL + [57]Q-55: How do I use the Java applet VNC Viewer with built-in SSL tunneling when going through a Web Proxy? - [57]Q-55: Can Apache web server act as a gateway for users to connect + [58]Q-56: Can Apache web server act as a gateway for users to connect via SSL from the Internet with a Web browser to x11vnc running on their workstations behind a firewall? - [58]Q-56: Can I create and use my own SSL Certificate Authority (CA) + [59]Q-57: Can I create and use my own SSL Certificate Authority (CA) with x11vnc? [Display Managers and Services] - [59]Q-57: How can I run x11vnc as a "service" that is always + [60]Q-58: How can I run x11vnc as a "service" that is always available? - [60]Q-58: How can I use x11vnc to connect to an X login screen like + [61]Q-59: How can I use x11vnc to connect to an X login screen like xdm, GNOME gdm, KDE kdm, or CDE dtlogin? (i.e. nobody is logged into an X session yet.) - [61]Q-59: Can I run x11vnc out of inetd(8)? How about xinetd(8)? + [62]Q-60: Can I run x11vnc out of inetd(8)? How about xinetd(8)? - [62]Q-60: Can I have x11vnc advertise its VNC service and port via + [63]Q-61: Can I have x11vnc advertise its VNC service and port via mDNS / Zeroconf (e.g. Avahi) so VNC viewers on the local network can detect it automatically? - [63]Q-61: Can I have x11vnc allow a user to log in with her UNIX + [64]Q-62: Can I have x11vnc allow a user to log in with her UNIX username and password and then have it find her X session display on that machine and then connect to it? How about starting an X session if one cannot be found? - [64]Q-62: Can I have x11vnc restart itself after it terminates? + [65]Q-63: Can I have x11vnc restart itself after it terminates? - [65]Q-63: How do I make x11vnc work with the Java VNC viewer applet in + [66]Q-64: How do I make x11vnc work with the Java VNC viewer applet in a web browser? - [66]Q-64: Are reverse connections (i.e. the VNC server connecting to + [67]Q-65: Are reverse connections (i.e. the VNC server connecting to the VNC viewer) using "vncviewer -listen" and vncconnect(1) supported? - [67]Q-65: Can reverse connections be made to go through a Web or SOCKS + [68]Q-66: Can reverse connections be made to go through a Web or SOCKS proxy or SSH? - [68]Q-66: Can I use x11vnc as a replacement for Xvnc? (i.e. not for a + [69]Q-67: Can I use x11vnc as a replacement for Xvnc? (i.e. not for a real display, but for a virtual one I keep around.) - [69]Q-67: How can I use x11vnc on "headless" machines? Why might I + [70]Q-68: How can I use x11vnc on "headless" machines? Why might I want to? [Resource Usage and Performance] - [70]Q-68: I have lots of memory, but why does x11vnc fail with + [71]Q-69: I have lots of memory, but why does x11vnc fail with shmget: No space left on device or Minor opcode of failed request: 1 (X_ShmAttach)? - [71]Q-69: How can I make x11vnc use less system resources? + [72]Q-70: How can I make x11vnc use less system resources? - [72]Q-70: How can I make x11vnc use MORE system resources? + [73]Q-71: How can I make x11vnc use MORE system resources? - [73]Q-71: I use x11vnc over a slow link with high latency (e.g. dialup + [74]Q-72: I use x11vnc over a slow link with high latency (e.g. dialup modem or broadband), is there anything I can do to speed things up? - [74]Q-72: Does x11vnc support the X DAMAGE Xserver extension to find + [75]Q-73: Does x11vnc support the X DAMAGE Xserver extension to find modified regions of the screen quickly and efficiently? - [75]Q-73: My OpenGL application shows no screen updates unless I + [76]Q-74: My OpenGL application shows no screen updates unless I supply the -noxdamage option to x11vnc. - [76]Q-74: When I drag windows around with the mouse or scroll up and + [77]Q-75: When I drag windows around with the mouse or scroll up and down things really bog down (unless I do the drag in a single, quick motion.) Is there anything to do to improve things? - [77]Q-75: Why not do something like wireframe animations to avoid the + [78]Q-76: Why not do something like wireframe animations to avoid the windows "lurching" when being moved or resized? - [78]Q-76: Can x11vnc try to apply heuristics to detect when a window + [79]Q-77: Can x11vnc try to apply heuristics to detect when a window is scrolling its contents and use the CopyRect encoding for a speedup? - [79]Q-77: Can x11vnc do client-side caching of pixel data? I.e. so + [80]Q-78: Can x11vnc do client-side caching of pixel data? I.e. so when that pixel data is needed again it does not have to be retransmitted over the network. - [80]Q-78: Does x11vnc support TurboVNC? + [81]Q-79: Does x11vnc support TurboVNC? [Mouse Cursor Shapes] - [81]Q-79: Why isn't the mouse cursor shape (the little icon shape + [82]Q-80: Why isn't the mouse cursor shape (the little icon shape where the mouse pointer is) correct as I move from window to window? - [82]Q-80: When using XFIXES cursorshape mode, some of the cursors look + [83]Q-81: When using XFIXES cursorshape mode, some of the cursors look really bad with extra black borders around the cursor and other cruft. How can I improve their appearance? - [83]Q-81: In XFIXES mode, are there any hacks to handle cursor + [84]Q-82: In XFIXES mode, are there any hacks to handle cursor transparency ("alpha channel") exactly? [Mouse Pointer] - [84]Q-82: Why does the mouse arrow just stay in one corner in my + [85]Q-83: Why does the mouse arrow just stay in one corner in my vncviewer, whereas my cursor (that does move) is just a dot? - [85]Q-83: Can I take advantage of the TightVNC extension to the VNC + [86]Q-84: Can I take advantage of the TightVNC extension to the VNC protocol where Cursor Positions Updates are sent back to all connected clients (i.e. passive viewers can see the mouse cursor being moved around by another viewer)? - [86]Q-84: Is it possible to swap the mouse buttons (e.g. left-handed + [87]Q-85: Is it possible to swap the mouse buttons (e.g. left-handed operation), or arbitrarily remap them? How about mapping button clicks to keystrokes, e.g. to partially emulate Mouse wheel scrolling? [Keyboard Issues] - [87]Q-85: How can I get my AltGr and Shift modifiers to work between + [88]Q-86: How can I get my AltGr and Shift modifiers to work between keyboards for different languages? - [88]Q-86: When I try to type a "<" (i.e. less than) instead I get ">" + [89]Q-87: When I try to type a "<" (i.e. less than) instead I get ">" (i.e. greater than)! Strangely, typing ">" works OK!! - [89]Q-87: Extra Character Inserted, E.g.: When I try to type a "<" + [90]Q-88: Extra Character Inserted, E.g.: When I try to type a "<" (i.e. less than) instead I get "<," (i.e. an extra comma.) - [90]Q-88: I'm using an "international" keyboard (e.g. German "de", or + [91]Q-89: I'm using an "international" keyboard (e.g. German "de", or Danish "dk") and the -modtweak mode works well if the VNC viewer is run on a Unix/Linux machine with a similar keyboard. But if I run the VNC viewer on Unix/Linux with a different keyboard (e.g. "us") or Windows with any keyboard, I can't type some keys like: "@", "$", "<", ">", etc. How can I fix this? - [91]Q-89: When typing I sometimes get double, triple, or more of my + [92]Q-90: When typing I sometimes get double, triple, or more of my keystrokes repeated. I'm sure I only typed them once, what can I do? - [92]Q-90: The x11vnc -norepeat mode is in effect, but I still get + [93]Q-91: The x11vnc -norepeat mode is in effect, but I still get repeated keystrokes!! - [93]Q-91: After using x11vnc for a while, I find that I cannot type + [94]Q-92: After using x11vnc for a while, I find that I cannot type some (or any) characters or my mouse clicks and drags no longer have any effect, or they lead to strange effects. What happened? - [94]Q-92: The machine where I run x11vnc has an AltGr key, but the + [95]Q-93: The machine where I run x11vnc has an AltGr key, but the local machine where I run the VNC viewer does not. Is there a way I can map a local unused key to send an AltGr? How about a Compose key as well? - [95]Q-93: I have a Sun machine I run x11vnc on. Its Sun keyboard has + [96]Q-94: I have a Sun machine I run x11vnc on. Its Sun keyboard has just one Alt key labelled "Alt" and two Meta keys labelled with little diamonds. The machine where I run the VNC viewer only has Alt keys. How can I send a Meta keypress? (e.g. emacs needs this) - [96]Q-94: Running x11vnc on HP-UX I cannot type "#" I just get a "3" + [97]Q-95: Running x11vnc on HP-UX I cannot type "#" I just get a "3" instead. - [97]Q-95: Can I map a keystroke to a mouse button click on the remote + [98]Q-96: Can I map a keystroke to a mouse button click on the remote machine? - [98]Q-96: How can I get Caps_Lock to work between my VNC viewer and + [99]Q-97: How can I get Caps_Lock to work between my VNC viewer and x11vnc? [Screen Related Issues and Features] - [99]Q-97: The remote display is larger (in number of pixels) than the + [100]Q-98: The remote display is larger (in number of pixels) than the local display I am running the vncviewer on. I don't like the vncviewer scrollbars, what I can do? - [100]Q-98: Does x11vnc support server-side framebuffer scaling? (E.g. + [101]Q-99: Does x11vnc support server-side framebuffer scaling? (E.g. to make the desktop smaller.) - [101]Q-99: Does x11vnc work with Xinerama? (i.e. multiple monitors + [102]Q-100: Does x11vnc work with Xinerama? (i.e. multiple monitors joined together to form one big, single screen.) - [102]Q-100: Can I use x11vnc on a multi-headed display that is not + [103]Q-101: Can I use x11vnc on a multi-headed display that is not Xinerama (i.e. separate screens :0.0, :0.1, ... for each monitor)? - [103]Q-101: Can x11vnc show only a portion of the display? (E.g. for a + [104]Q-102: Can x11vnc show only a portion of the display? (E.g. for a special purpose application or a very large screen.) - [104]Q-102: Does x11vnc support the XRANDR (X Resize, Rotate and + [105]Q-103: Does x11vnc support the XRANDR (X Resize, Rotate and Reflection) extension? Whenever I rotate or resize the screen x11vnc just seems to crash. - [105]Q-103: Independent of any XRANDR, can I have x11vnc rotate and/or + [106]Q-104: Independent of any XRANDR, can I have x11vnc rotate and/or reflect the screen that the VNC viewers see? (e.g. for a handheld whose screen is rotated 90 degrees.) - [106]Q-104: Why is the view in my VNC viewer completely black? Or why + [107]Q-105: Why is the view in my VNC viewer completely black? Or why is everything flashing around randomly? - [107]Q-105: I use Linux Virtual Terminals (VT's) to implement 'Fast + [108]Q-106: I use Linux Virtual Terminals (VT's) to implement 'Fast User Switching' between users' sessions (e.g. Betty is on Ctrl-Alt-F7, Bobby is on Ctrl-Alt-F8, and Sid is on Ctrl-Alt-F1: they use those keystrokes to switch between their sessions.) How come the view in a @@ -2132,83 +2152,83 @@ http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html: otherwise all messed up unless the X session x11vnc is attached to is in the active VT? - [108]Q-106: I am using x11vnc where my local machine has "popup/hidden + [109]Q-107: I am using x11vnc where my local machine has "popup/hidden taskbars" and the remote display where x11vnc runs also has "popup/hidden taskbars" and they interfere and fight with each other. What can I do? - [109]Q-107: Help! x11vnc and my KDE screensaver keep switching each + [110]Q-108: Help! x11vnc and my KDE screensaver keep switching each other on and off every few seconds. - [110]Q-108: I am running the beryl 3D window manager (or compiz, + [111]Q-109: I am running the beryl 3D window manager (or compiz, MythTv, Google Earth, or some other OpenGL app) and I do not get screen updates in x11vnc. - [111]Q-109: Can I use x11vnc to view my VMWare session remotely? + [112]Q-110: Can I use x11vnc to view my VMWare session remotely? [Exporting non-X11 devices via VNC] - [112]Q-110: Can non-X devices (e.g. a raw framebuffer) be viewed (and + [113]Q-111: Can non-X devices (e.g. a raw framebuffer) be viewed (and even controlled) via VNC with x11vnc? - [113]Q-111: Can I export the Linux Console (Virtual Terminals) via VNC + [114]Q-112: Can I export the Linux Console (Virtual Terminals) via VNC using x11vnc? - [114]Q-112: Can I export via VNC a Webcam or TV tuner framebuffer + [115]Q-113: Can I export via VNC a Webcam or TV tuner framebuffer using x11vnc? - [115]Q-113: Can I connect via VNC to a Qt-embedded/Qtopia application + [116]Q-114: Can I connect via VNC to a Qt-embedded/Qtopia application running on my handheld or PC using the Linux console framebuffer (i.e. not X11)? - [116]Q-114: Now that non-X11 devices can be exported via VNC using + [117]Q-115: Now that non-X11 devices can be exported via VNC using x11vnc, can I build it with no dependencies on X11 header files and libraries? - [117]Q-115: Does x11vnc support Mac OS X Aqua/Quartz displays natively + [118]Q-116: Does x11vnc support Mac OS X Aqua/Quartz displays natively (i.e. no X11 involved)? - [118]Q-116: Can x11vnc be used as a VNC reflector/repeater to improve + [119]Q-117: Can x11vnc be used as a VNC reflector/repeater to improve performance for the case of a large number of simultaneous VNC viewers (e.g. classroom broadcasting or a large demo)? - [119]Q-117: Can x11vnc be used during a Linux, Solaris, etc. system + [120]Q-118: Can x11vnc be used during a Linux, Solaris, etc. system Installation so the Installation can be done remotely? [Misc: Clipboard, File Transfer/Sharing, Printing, Sound, Beeps, Thanks, etc.] - [120]Q-118: Does the Clipboard/Selection get transferred between the + [121]Q-119: Does the Clipboard/Selection get transferred between the vncviewer and the X display? - [121]Q-119: Can I use x11vnc to record a Shock Wave Flash (or other + [122]Q-120: Can I use x11vnc to record a Shock Wave Flash (or other format) video of my desktop, e.g. to record a tutorial or demo? - [122]Q-120: Can I transfer files back and forth with x11vnc? + [123]Q-121: Can I transfer files back and forth with x11vnc? - [123]Q-121: Which UltraVNC extensions are supported? + [124]Q-122: Which UltraVNC extensions are supported? - [124]Q-122: Can x11vnc emulate UltraVNC's Single Click helpdesk mode + [125]Q-123: Can x11vnc emulate UltraVNC's Single Click helpdesk mode for Unix? I.e. something very simple for a naive user to initiate a reverse vnc connection from their Unix desktop to a helpdesk operator's VNC Viewer. - [125]Q-123: Can I (temporarily) mount my local (viewer-side) + [126]Q-124: Can I (temporarily) mount my local (viewer-side) Windows/Samba File share on the machine where x11vnc is running? - [126]Q-124: Can I redirect CUPS print jobs from the remote desktop + [127]Q-125: Can I redirect CUPS print jobs from the remote desktop where x11vnc is running to a printer on my local (viewer-side) machine? - [127]Q-125: How can I hear the sound (audio) from the remote + [128]Q-126: How can I hear the sound (audio) from the remote applications on the desktop I am viewing via x11vnc? - [128]Q-126: Why don't I hear the "Beeps" in my X session (e.g. when + [129]Q-127: Why don't I hear the "Beeps" in my X session (e.g. when typing tput bel in an xterm)? - [129]Q-127: Does x11vnc work with IPv6? + [130]Q-128: Does x11vnc work with IPv6? - [130]Q-128: Thanks for your program and for your help! Can I make a + [131]Q-129: Thanks for your program and for your help! Can I make a donation? _________________________________________________________________ @@ -2221,7 +2241,7 @@ http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html: For the former error, you need to specify the X display to connect to (it also needs to be on the same machine the x11vnc process is to run - on.) Set your DISPLAY environment variable (or use the [131]-display + on.) Set your DISPLAY environment variable (or use the [132]-display option) to specify it. Nearly always the correct value will be ":0" (in fact, x11vnc will now assume :0 if given no other information.) @@ -2238,9 +2258,9 @@ http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html: working when you try to start x11vnc via, say, a remote shell. How to Solve: See the xauth(1), Xsecurity(7), and xhost(1) man pages - or [132]this Howto for much info on X11 permissions. For example, you + or [133]this Howto for much info on X11 permissions. For example, you may need to set your XAUTHORITY environment variable (or use the - [133]-auth option) to point to the correct MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE file (e.g. + [134]-auth option) to point to the correct MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE file (e.g. /home/joe/.Xauthority or /var/gdm/:0.Xauth or /var/lib/kdm/A:0-crWk72K or /tmp/.gdmzndVlR, etc, etc.), or simply be sure you run x11vnc as the correct user (i.e. the user who is logged into the X session you @@ -2262,10 +2282,10 @@ http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html: x11vnc -display :0 -auth /var/gdm/:0.Xauth (this is for the display manager gdm and requires root permission to - read the gdm cookie file, see [134]this faq for other display manager + read the gdm cookie file, see [135]this faq for other display manager cookie file names.) - Note as of Feb/2007 you can also try the [135]-find option instead of + Note as of Feb/2007 you can also try the [136]-find option instead of "-display ..." and see if that finds your display and Xauthority. Less safe, but to avoid figuring out where the correct XAUTHORITY file @@ -2274,7 +2294,7 @@ http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html: (from the same machine.) The person could then type "xhost -localhost" after x11vnc has connected to go back to the default permissions. Also, for some situations the "-users lurk=" option may soon be of use - (please read the documentation on the [136]-users option.) + (please read the documentation on the [137]-users option.) To test out your X11 permissions from a remote shell, set DISPLAY and possibly XAUTHORITY (see your shell's man page, bash(1), tcsh(1), on @@ -2293,7 +2313,7 @@ http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html: properly.) Firewalls: Speaking of permissions, it should go without saying that - the host-level [137]firewall will need to be configured to allow + the host-level [138]firewall will need to be configured to allow connections in on a port. E.g. 5900 (default VNC port) or 22 (default SSH port for tunnelling VNC.) Most systems these days have firewalls turned on by default, so you will actively have to do something to @@ -2372,7 +2392,7 @@ libssl.so libcrypto.so libcrypt.so the above list may be out of date. So only use the above lists as hints for the package names that are needed. - Have a look at [138]Misc. Build Problems for additional fixes. + Have a look at [139]Misc. Build Problems for additional fixes. Note: there is growing trend in Linux and other distros to slice up core X11 software into more and smaller packages. So be prepared for @@ -2390,7 +2410,7 @@ libssl.so libcrypto.so libcrypt.so ii libssl0.9.8 0.9.8a-7ubuntu SSL shared libraries (in fact it should have installed both by default if it knew what it - was doing.) See [139]here too. + was doing.) See [140]here too. Q-3: I just built x11vnc successfully, but when I use it my keystrokes @@ -2464,7 +2484,7 @@ h earlier and perhaps non-Solaris): First use the environment settings (CPPFLAGS, LDFLAGS, etc.) in the - above [140]Solaris build script to run the configure command. That + above [141]Solaris build script to run the configure command. That should succeed without failure. Then you have to hand edit the autogenerated rfb/rfbconfig.h file in the source tree, and just before the last #endif at the bottom of that file insert these workaround @@ -2490,7 +2510,7 @@ typedef unsigned int in_addr_t; on other older OS (Solaris, Linux, ...) releases. Here are some notes for similar steps that need to be done to build on - [141]SunOS 4.x + [142]SunOS 4.x Please let us know if you had to use the above workaround (and whether it worked or not.) If there is enough demand we will try to push clean @@ -2500,33 +2520,32 @@ typedef unsigned int in_addr_t; Q-5: Where can I get a precompiled x11vnc binary for my Operating System? - Hopefully the [142]build steps above and [143]FAQ provide enough info + Hopefully the [143]build steps above and [144]FAQ provide enough info for a painless compile for most environments. Please report problems with the x11vnc configure, make, etc. on your system (if your system is known to compile other GNU packages successfully.) There are precompiled x11vnc binaries built by other groups that are available at the following locations: - Slackware: (.tgz) [144]http://www.linuxpackages.net/ - - SuSE: (.rpm) [145]http:/software.opensuse.org/ Gentoo: (info) - [146]http://gentoo-wiki.com/ and [147]http://gentoo-portage.com/ - FreeBSD: (.tbz) [148]http://www.freebsd.org/ - [149]http://www.freshports.org/net/x11vnc NetBSD: (src) - [150]http://pkgsrc.se/x11/x11vnc OpenBSD: (.tgz) - [151]http://openports.se/ Arch Linux: (.tgz) - [152]http://www.archlinux.org/ Nokia 770 (.deb) - [153]http://mike.saunby.googlepages.com/x11vncfornokia7702 Sharp - Zaurus [154]http://www.focv.com/ Redhat/Fedora: (.rpm) - [155]http://packages.sw.be/x11vnc RPMforge - [156]http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/x11vnc/ (N.B.: unmaintained - after 0.9.3) Debian: (.deb) [157]http://packages.debian.org/x11vnc - (N.B: often unmaintained; better to compile from source) Solaris: - (pkg) [158]http://www.sunfreeware.com/ (N.B: very old; better to - compile from source) + Slackware: (.tgz) [145]http://www.linuxpackages.net/ + + SuSE: (.rpm) [146]http:/software.opensuse.org/ Gentoo: (info) + [147]http://gentoo-wiki.com/ and [148]http://gentoo-portage.com/ + FreeBSD: (.tbz) [149]http://www.freebsd.org/ + [150]http://www.freshports.org/net/x11vnc NetBSD: (src) + [151]http://pkgsrc.se/x11/x11vnc OpenBSD: (.tgz) + [152]http://openports.se/ Arch Linux: (.tgz) + [153]http://www.archlinux.org/ Nokia 770 (.deb) + [154]http://mike.saunby.googlepages.com/x11vncfornokia7702 Sharp + Zaurus [155]http://www.focv.com/ Debian: (.deb) + [156]http://packages.debian.org/x11vnc Redhat/Fedora: (.rpm) + [157]http://packages.sw.be/x11vnc RPMforge + [158]http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/x11vnc/ (N.B.: unmaintained + after 0.9.3) Solaris: (pkg) [159]http://www.sunfreeware.com/ (N.B: + very old; better to compile from source) If the above binaries don't work and building x11vnc on your OS fails - (and all else fails!) you can try one of [159]My Collection of x11vnc + (and all else fails!) you can try one of [160]My Collection of x11vnc Binaries for various OS's and x11vnc releases. As a general note, the x11vnc program is simple enough you don't @@ -2544,7 +2563,7 @@ typedef unsigned int in_addr_t; If you use a standalone binary like this and also want x11vnc to serve up the Java VNC Viewer jar file (either SSL enabled or regular one), then you will need to extract the classes subdirectory from the source - tarball and point x11vnc to it via the [160]-httpdir option. E.g.: + tarball and point x11vnc to it via the [161]-httpdir option. E.g.: x11vnc -httpdir /path/to/x11vnc-0.8.3/classes/ssl ... @@ -2553,11 +2572,11 @@ typedef unsigned int in_addr_t; To obtain VNC viewers for the viewing side (Windows, Mac OS, or Unix) try here: - * [161]http://www.tightvnc.com/download.html - * [162]http://www.realvnc.com/download-free.html - * [163]http://sourceforge.net/projects/cotvnc/ - * [164]http://www.ultravnc.com/ - * [165]Our Enhanced TightVNC Viewer (SSVNC) + * [162]http://www.tightvnc.com/download.html + * [163]http://www.realvnc.com/download-free.html + * [164]http://sourceforge.net/projects/cotvnc/ + * [165]http://www.ultravnc.com/ + * [166]Our Enhanced TightVNC Viewer (SSVNC) [ssvnc.gif] @@ -2567,7 +2586,7 @@ typedef unsigned int in_addr_t; Run: x11vnc -opts to list just the option names or run: x11vnc -help for long descriptions about each option. The output is listed - [166]here as well. Yes, x11vnc does have a lot of options, doesn't + [167]here as well. Yes, x11vnc does have a lot of options, doesn't it... @@ -2599,10 +2618,10 @@ display :0 program is needed for operation. The gui is not particularly user-friendly, it just provides a point and click mode to set all the many x11vnc parameters and obtain help on them. It is also very useful - for testing. See the [167]-gui option for more info. Examples: "x11vnc + for testing. See the [168]-gui option for more info. Examples: "x11vnc ... -gui" and "x11vnc ... -gui other:0" in the latter case the gui is displayed on other:0, not the X display x11vnc is polling. There is - also a "[168]-gui tray" system tray mode. + also a "[169]-gui tray" system tray mode. [tkx11vnc.gif] @@ -2616,7 +2635,7 @@ display :0 smaller, simpler icon? As of Jul/2005 the gui can run in a more friendly small icon mode - "[169]-gui icon" or in the system tray: "[170]-gui tray". It has + "[170]-gui icon" or in the system tray: "[171]-gui tray". It has balloon status, a simple menu, and a Properities dialog. The full, complicated, gui is only available under "Advanced". Other improvements were added as well. Try "Misc -> simple_gui" for a gui @@ -2652,18 +2671,18 @@ LAY PORT=59xx line to see which port it found, then subtract 5900 from it for the VNC display number to enter into the VNC Viewer(s). - The "[171]-N" option will try to match the VNC display number to the X + The "[172]-N" option will try to match the VNC display number to the X display (e.g. X11 DISPLAY of :5 (port 6005) will have VNC display :5 (port 5905).) - Also see the "[172]-autoport n" option to indicated at which value the + Also see the "[173]-autoport n" option to indicated at which value the auto probing should start at. Q-11: My Firewall/Router doesn't allow VNC Viewers to connect to x11vnc. - See the [173]Firewalls/Routers discussion. + See the [174]Firewalls/Routers discussion. Q-12: Is it possible for a VNC Viewer and a VNC Server to connect to @@ -2677,7 +2696,7 @@ LAY In the following discussion, we will suppose port 5950 is being used on the relay machine as the VNC port for the rendezvous. - A way to rendezvous is to have the VNC Server start a [174]reverse + A way to rendezvous is to have the VNC Server start a [175]reverse connection to the relay machine: x11vnc -connect third-machine.net:5950 ... @@ -2696,11 +2715,11 @@ LAY the owner to allow you to install this software (and he would likely need to open his server's firewall to allow the port through.) - It is recommended that [175]SSL is used for encryption (e.g. - "[176]-ssl SAVE") when going over the internet. + It is recommended that [176]SSL is used for encryption (e.g. + "[177]-ssl SAVE") when going over the internet. We have a prototype for performing a rendezvous via a Web Server - acting as the relay machine. Download the [177]vncxfer CGI script and + acting as the relay machine. Download the [178]vncxfer CGI script and see the instructions at the top. Once that CGI script is set up on the website, both users go to, say, @@ -2730,7 +2749,7 @@ LAY port requirement (e.g. use HTTP/CGI itself for the transfer... it is difficult to emulate a full-duplex TCP connection with them.) - See also the [178]Firewalls/Routers discussion and [179]Reverse + See also the [179]Firewalls/Routers discussion and [180]Reverse Connection Proxy discussion. @@ -2758,7 +2777,7 @@ LAY vncviewer -encodings "copyrect tight zrle hextile" localhost:0 (we assume the old-style -encodings option needs to be used. See - [180]here for details.) + [181]here for details.) If the SSH machine has been configured (see sshd_config(5)) with the option GatewayPorts=yes, then the tunnel set up by the VNC Server will @@ -2768,16 +2787,16 @@ LAY only runs: vncviewer third-machine.net:33 - In this case we recommend [181]SSL be used for encryption. + In this case we recommend [182]SSL be used for encryption. The creation of both tunnels can be automated. As of Oct/2007 the - [182]-ssh x11vnc option is available and so only this command needs to + [183]-ssh x11vnc option is available and so only this command needs to be run on the VNC Server side: x11vnc -ssh user@third-machine.net:33 ... (the SSH passphrase may need to be supplied.) - To automate on the VNC Viewer side, the user can use the [183]Enhanced + To automate on the VNC Viewer side, the user can use the [184]Enhanced TightVNC Viewer (SSVNC) by: * Clicking on 'Use SSH' * Entering user@third-machine.net:33 into 'VNC Host:Display' entry @@ -2794,11 +2813,11 @@ LAY Q-13: Can I make x11vnc more quiet and also go into the background after starting up? - Use the [184]-q and [185]-bg options, respectively. (also: -quiet is + Use the [185]-q and [186]-bg options, respectively. (also: -quiet is an alias for -q) Note that under -bg the stderr messages will be lost unless you use - the "[186]-o logfile" option. + the "[187]-o logfile" option. Q-14: Sometimes when a VNC viewer dies abruptly, x11vnc also dies with @@ -2824,8 +2843,8 @@ LAY Q-16: KDE's krdc VNC viewer cannot connect to x11vnc. - This has been fixed in x11vnc version 0.8.4. More info [187]here, - [188]here, and [189]here. + This has been fixed in x11vnc version 0.8.4. More info [188]here, + [189]here, and [190]here. Q-17: When I start x11vnc on an Alpha Tru64 workstation the X server @@ -2835,15 +2854,28 @@ LAY able to crash it. The problem seems to be with the RECORD X extension and so a - workaround is to use the "[190]-noxrecord" x11vnc command line option. + workaround is to use the "[191]-noxrecord" x11vnc command line option. - Q-18: Are there any build-time customizations possible, e.g. change + Q-18: When running x11vnc on an IBM AIX workstation after a few + minutes the VNC connection freezes. + + One user reports when running x11vnc on AIX 5.3 in his CDE session + after a few minutes or seconds x11vnc will "freeze" (no more updates + being sent, etc.) The freezing appeared to be worse for versions later + than 0.9.2. + + The problem seems to be with the RECORD X extension on AIX and so a + workaround is to use the "[192]-noxrecord" x11vnc command line option. + The user found no freezes occurred when using that option. + + + Q-19: Are there any build-time customizations possible, e.g. change defaults, create a smaller binary, etc? There are some options. They are enabled by adding something like -Dxxxx=1 to the CPPFLAGS environment variable before running configure - (see the [191]build notes for general background.) + (see the [193]build notes for general background.) /* * Mar/2006 * Build-time customization via CPPFLAGS. @@ -2909,31 +2941,31 @@ LAY [Win2VNC Related] - Q-19: I have two separate machine displays in front of me, one Windows + Q-20: I have two separate machine displays in front of me, one Windows the other X11: can I use x11vnc in combination with Win2VNC in dual-screen mode to pass the keystrokes and mouse motions to the X11 display? - Yes, for best response start up x11vnc with the "[192]-nofb" option + Yes, for best response start up x11vnc with the "[194]-nofb" option (disables framebuffer polling, and does other optimizations) on the secondary display (X11) machine. Then start up Win2VNC on the primary display (Windows) referring it to the secondary display. - This will also work X11 to X11 using [193]x2vnc, however you would + This will also work X11 to X11 using [195]x2vnc, however you would probably just want to avoid VNC and use x2x for that. For reference, here are some links to Win2VNC-like programs for multiple monitor setups: - * [194]Original Win2VNC - * [195]Enhanced Win2VNC (broken?) and [196]sourceforge link - * [197]x2vnc - * [198]x2x - * [199]zvnc (MorphOS) + * [196]Original Win2VNC + * [197]Enhanced Win2VNC (broken?) and [198]sourceforge link + * [199]x2vnc + * [200]x2x + * [201]zvnc (MorphOS) All of them will work with x11vnc (except x2x where it is not needed.) - Q-20: I am running Win2VNC on my Windows machine and "x11vnc -nofb" on + Q-21: I am running Win2VNC on my Windows machine and "x11vnc -nofb" on Unix to pass keyboard and mouse to the Unix monitor. Whenever I start Win2VNC it quickly disconnects and x11vnc says: rfbProcessClientNormalMessage: read: Connection reset by peer @@ -2948,7 +2980,7 @@ LAY on your display to be depth 24 TrueColor? Sun machines often have 8+24 overlay/multi-depth visuals, and you can make the default visual depth 24 TrueColor (see fbconfig(1) and Xsun(1).) 2) As of Feb/2004 x11vnc - has the [200]-visual option to allow you to force the framebuffer + has the [202]-visual option to allow you to force the framebuffer visual to whatever you want (this usually messes up the colors unless you are very clever.) In this case, the option provides a convenient workaround for the Win2VNC bug: @@ -2958,22 +2990,22 @@ LAY this. Since Win2VNC does not use the framebuffer data there should be no problems in doing this. - Q-21: Can I run "x11vnc -nofb" on a Mac OS X machine to redirect mouse + Q-22: Can I run "x11vnc -nofb" on a Mac OS X machine to redirect mouse and keyboard input to it from Windows and X11 machines via Win2VNC and x2vnc, respectively? - Yes, as of Nov/2006 [201]you can. There may be a trick or two you'll + Yes, as of Nov/2006 [203]you can. There may be a trick or two you'll need to do to get the Clipboard exchange between the machines to work. [Color Issues] - Q-22: The X display I run x11vnc on is only 8 bits per pixel (bpp) + Q-23: The X display I run x11vnc on is only 8 bits per pixel (bpp) PseudoColor (i.e. only 256 distinct colors.) The x11vnc colors may start out OK, but after a while they are incorrect in certain windows. - Use the [202]-flashcmap option to have x11vnc watch for changes in the + Use the [204]-flashcmap option to have x11vnc watch for changes in the colormap, and propagate those changes back to connected clients. This can be slow (since the whole screen must be updated over the network whenever the colormap changes.) This flashing colormap behavior often @@ -2982,30 +3014,30 @@ LAY example of this. Consider reconfiguring the system to 16 bpp or depth 24 TrueColor if at all possible. - Also note the option [203]-8to24 (Jan/2006) can often remove the need + Also note the option [205]-8to24 (Jan/2006) can often remove the need for flashing the colormap. Everything is dynamically transformed to depth 24 at 32 bpp using the colormaps. There may be painting errors however (see the following FAQ for tips on reducing and correcting them.) - In some rare cases (SCO unixware) the [204]-notruecolor option has + In some rare cases (SCO unixware) the [206]-notruecolor option has corrected colors on 8bpp displays. The red, green, and blue masks were non-zero in 8bpp PseudoColor on an obscure setup, and this option corrected the problems. - Q-23: Color problems: Why are the colors for some windows incorrect in + Q-24: Color problems: Why are the colors for some windows incorrect in x11vnc? BTW, my X display has nice overlay/multi-depth visuals of different color depths: e.g. there are both depth 8 and 24 visuals available at the same time. - You may want to review the [205]previous question regarding 8 bpp + You may want to review the [207]previous question regarding 8 bpp PseudoColor. - On some hardware (Sun/SPARC and SGI), the [206]-overlay option + On some hardware (Sun/SPARC and SGI), the [208]-overlay option discussed a couple paragraphs down may solve this for you (you may want to skip to it directly.) On other hardware the less robust - [207]-8to24 option may help (also discussed below.) + [209]-8to24 option may help (also discussed below.) Run xdpyinfo(1) to see what the default visual is and what the depths of the other visuals are. Does the default visual have a depth of 8 @@ -3041,7 +3073,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 The -overlay mode: Another option is if the system with overlay visuals is a Sun system running Solaris or SGI running IRIX you can - use the [208]-overlay x11vnc option (Aug/2004) to have x11vnc use the + use the [210]-overlay x11vnc option (Aug/2004) to have x11vnc use the Solaris XReadScreen(3X11) function to poll the "true view" of the whole screen at depth 24 TrueColor. XReadDisplay(3X11) is used on IRIX. This is useful for Legacy applications (older versions of @@ -3066,7 +3098,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 Xsun, e.g. in your /etc/dt/config/Xservers file.) - The -8to24 mode: The [209]-8to24 x11vnc option (Jan/2006) is a kludge + The -8to24 mode: The [211]-8to24 x11vnc option (Jan/2006) is a kludge to try to dynamically rewrite the pixel values so that the 8bpp part of the screen is mapped onto depth 24 TrueColor. This is less robust than the -overlay mode because it is done by x11vnc outside of the X @@ -3080,11 +3112,11 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 32bpp view is exported via VNC. Even on pure 8bpp displays it can be used as an alternative to - [210]-flashcmap to avoid color flashing completely. + [212]-flashcmap to avoid color flashing completely. This scheme is approximate and can often lead to painting errors. You can manually correct most painting errors by pressing 3 Alt_L's in a - row, or by using something like: [211]-fixscreen V=3.0 to + row, or by using something like: [213]-fixscreen V=3.0 to automatically refresh the screen every 3 seconds. Also -fixscreen 8=3.0 has been added to just refresh the non-default visual parts of the screen. @@ -3097,27 +3129,27 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 nogetimage can give a nice speedup if the default depth 24 X server supports hiding the 8bpp bits in bits 25-32 of the framebuffer data. On very slow machines -8to24 poll=0.2,cachewin=5.0 gives an useful - speedup. See the [212]-8to24 help description for information on + speedup. See the [214]-8to24 help description for information on tunable parameters, etc. Colors still not working correctly? Run xwininfo on the application with the incorrect colors to verify that the depth of its visual is different from the default visual depth (gotten from xdpyinfo.) One - possible workaround in this case is to use the [213]-id option to + possible workaround in this case is to use the [215]-id option to point x11vnc at the application window itself. If the application is complicated (lots of toplevel windows and popup menus) this may not be acceptable, and may even crash x11vnc (but not the application.) It is theoretically possible to solve this problem in general (see xwd(1) for example), but it does not seem trivial or sufficiently fast - for x11vnc to be able to do so in real time. The [214]-8to24 method + for x11vnc to be able to do so in real time. The [216]-8to24 method does this approximately and is somewhat usable. Fortunately the - [215]-overlay option works for Solaris machines with overlay visuals + [217]-overlay option works for Solaris machines with overlay visuals where most of this problem occurs. - Q-24: I am on a high color system (depth >= 24) but I seem to have + Q-25: I am on a high color system (depth >= 24) but I seem to have colormap problems. They either flash or everything is very dark. This can happen if the default Visual (use xdpyinfo to list them) is @@ -3142,22 +3174,22 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 can make xwud do this for example. - Q-25: How do I figure out the window id to supply to the -id windowid + Q-26: How do I figure out the window id to supply to the -id windowid option? Run the xwininfo program in a terminal. It will ask you to click on the desired application window. After clicking, it will print out much information, including the window id (e.g. 0x6000010.) Also, the visual and depth of the window printed out is often useful in - debugging x11vnc [216]color problems. + debugging x11vnc [218]color problems. - Also, as of Dec/2004 you can use "[217]-id pick" to have x11vnc run + Also, as of Dec/2004 you can use "[219]-id pick" to have x11vnc run xwininfo(1) for you and after you click the window it extracts the windowid. Besides "pick" there is also "id:root" to allow you to go back to root window when doing remote-control. - Q-26: Why don't menus or other transient windows come up when I am + Q-27: Why don't menus or other transient windows come up when I am using the -id windowid option to view a single application window? This is related to the behavior of the XGetImage(3X11) and @@ -3169,10 +3201,10 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 you should be able to see these transient windows. If things are not working and you still want to do the single window - polling, try the [218]-sid windowid option ("shifted" windowid.) + polling, try the [220]-sid windowid option ("shifted" windowid.) - Q-27: My X display is depth 24 at 24bpp (instead of the normal depth + Q-28: My X display is depth 24 at 24bpp (instead of the normal depth 24 at 32bpp.) I'm having lots of color and visual problems with x11vnc and/or vncviewer. What's up? @@ -3205,7 +3237,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 handle 24bpp from the server, so you may want to use those. They evidently request 32 bpp and libvncserver obliges. - Update: as of Apr/2006 you can use the [219]-24to32 option to have + Update: as of Apr/2006 you can use the [221]-24to32 option to have x11vnc dynamically transform the 24bpp pixel data to 32bpp. This extra transformation could slow things down further however. @@ -3215,14 +3247,14 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 couldn't find suitable pixmap format" so evidently you cannot use 24bpp for the vncviewers to work on that X display. - Note, however, that the Unix viewer in the [220]Enhanced TightVNC + Note, however, that the Unix viewer in the [222]Enhanced TightVNC Viewer (SSVNC) project can handle 24bpp X displays. It does this by requesting a 16bpp pixel format (or 8bpp if the -bgr233 option has been supplied) from the VNC server, and translates that to 24bpp locally. [Xterminals] - Q-28: Can I use x11vnc to view and interact with an Xterminal (e.g. + Q-29: Can I use x11vnc to view and interact with an Xterminal (e.g. NCD) that is not running UNIX and so x11vnc cannot be run on it directly? @@ -3230,9 +3262,9 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 since you will be polling the X display over the network as opposed to over the local hardware. To do this, run x11vnc on a UNIX machine as close as possible network-wise (e.g. same switch) to the Xterminal - machine. Use the [221]-display option to point the display to that of + machine. Use the [223]-display option to point the display to that of the Xterminal (you'll of course need basic X11 permission to do that) - and finally supply the [222]-noshm option (this enables the polling + and finally supply the [224]-noshm option (this enables the polling over the network.) If the Xterminal's X display is open to the network for connections, @@ -3245,10 +3277,10 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 The response will likely be sluggish (maybe only one "frame" per second.) This mode is not recommended except for "quick checks" of hard to get to X servers. Use something like "-wait 150" to cut down - on the polling rate. You may also need [223]-flipbyteorder if the + on the polling rate. You may also need [225]-flipbyteorder if the colors get messed up due to endian byte order differences. - Q-29: How do I get my X permissions (MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE file) correct + Q-30: How do I get my X permissions (MIT-MAGIC-COOKIE file) correct for a Unix/Linux machine acting as an Xterminal? If the X display machine is a traditional Xterminal (where the X @@ -3269,7 +3301,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 copied to the Xterminal. If $HOME/.Xauthority is exported via NFS (this is insecure of course, but has been going on for decades), then x11vnc can simply pick it up via NFS (you may need to use the - [224]-auth option to point to the correct file.) Other options include + [226]-auth option to point to the correct file.) Other options include copying the auth file using scp, or something like: central-server> xauth nextract - xterm123:0 | ssh xterm123 xauth nmerge - @@ -3281,7 +3313,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 details. If the display name in the cookie file needs to be changed between the - two hosts, see [225]this note on the "xauth add ..." command. + two hosts, see [227]this note on the "xauth add ..." command. A less secure option is to run something like "xhost +127.0.0.1" while sitting at the Xterminal box to allow cookie-free local access for @@ -3295,7 +3327,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 occasional app more efficiently locally on the Xterminal box (e.g. realplayer.) - Not recommended, but as a last resort, you could have x11vnc [226]poll + Not recommended, but as a last resort, you could have x11vnc [228]poll the Xterminal Display over the network. For this you would run a "x11vnc -noshm ..." process on the central-server (and hope the network admin doesn't get angry...) @@ -3322,36 +3354,36 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 [Sun Rays] - Q-30: I'm having trouble using x11vnc with my Sun Ray session. + Q-31: I'm having trouble using x11vnc with my Sun Ray session. - The [227]Sun Ray technology is a bit like "VNC done in hardware" (the + The [229]Sun Ray technology is a bit like "VNC done in hardware" (the Sun Ray terminal device, DTU, playing the role of the vncviewer.) Completely independent of that, the SunRay user's session is still an X server that speaks the X11 protocol and so x11vnc simply talks to the X server part to export the SunRay desktop to any place in the world (i.e. not only to a Sun Ray terminal device), creating a sort of - "Soft Ray". Please see [228]this discussion of Sun Ray issues for + "Soft Ray". Please see [230]this discussion of Sun Ray issues for solutions to problems. - Also see the [229]Sun Ray Remote Control Toolkit that uses x11vnc. + Also see the [231]Sun Ray Remote Control Toolkit that uses x11vnc. [Remote Control] - Q-31: How do I stop x11vnc once it is running in the background? + Q-32: How do I stop x11vnc once it is running in the background? As of Dec/2004 there is a remote control feature. It can change a huge - number of parameters on the fly: see the [230]-remote and [231]-query + number of parameters on the fly: see the [232]-remote and [233]-query options. To shut down the running x11vnc server just type "x11vnc -R stop". To disconnect all clients do "x11vnc -R disconnect:all", etc. - If the [232]-forever option has not been supplied, x11vnc will + If the [234]-forever option has not been supplied, x11vnc will automatically exit after the first client disconnects. In general if you cannot use the remote control, then you will have to kill the x11vnc process This can be done via: "kill NNNNN" (where NNNNN is the x11vnc process id number found from ps(1)), or "pkill x11vnc", or "killall x11vnc" (Linux only.) - If you have not put x11vnc in the background via the [233]-bg option + If you have not put x11vnc in the background via the [235]-bg option or shell & operator, then simply press Ctrl-C in the shell where x11vnc is running to stop it. @@ -3361,16 +3393,16 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 down state in the Xserver. Tapping the stuck key (either via a new x11vnc or at the physical console) will release it from the stuck state. If the keyboard seems to be acting strangely it is often fixed - by tapping Ctrl, Shift, and Alt. Alternatively, the [234]-clear_mods - option and [235]-clear_keys option can be used to release pressed keys - at startup and exit. The option [236]-clear_all will also try to unset + by tapping Ctrl, Shift, and Alt. Alternatively, the [236]-clear_mods + option and [237]-clear_keys option can be used to release pressed keys + at startup and exit. The option [238]-clear_all will also try to unset Caps_Lock, Num_Lock, etc. - Q-32: Can I change settings in x11vnc without having to restart it? + Q-33: Can I change settings in x11vnc without having to restart it? Can I remote control it? - Look at the [237]-remote (an alias is -R) and [238]-query (an alias is + Look at the [239]-remote (an alias is -R) and [240]-query (an alias is -Q) options added in Dec/2004. They allow nearly everything to be changed dynamically and settings to be queried. Examples: "x11vnc -R shared", "x11vnc -R forever", "x11vnc -R scale:3/4", "x11vnc -Q @@ -3381,8 +3413,8 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 property) is used as the communication channel, so the X permissions and DISPLAY must be set up correctly for communication to be possible. - There is also a simple Tcl/Tk [239]gui based on this remote control - mechanism. See the [240]-gui option for more info. You will need to + There is also a simple Tcl/Tk [241]gui based on this remote control + mechanism. See the [242]-gui option for more info. You will need to have Tcl/Tk (i.e. /usr/bin/wish) installed for it to work. It can also run in the system tray: "-gui tray" or as a standalone small icon window: "-gui icon". Use "-gui tray=setpass" for a naive user "Share @@ -3390,7 +3422,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 [Security and Permissions] - Q-33: How do I create a VNC password for use with x11vnc? + Q-34: How do I create a VNC password for use with x11vnc? You may already have one in $HOME/.vnc/passwd if you have used, say, the vncserver program from the regular RealVNC or TightVNC packages @@ -3398,12 +3430,12 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 vncpasswd(1) program from those packages. As of Jun/2004 x11vnc supports the -storepasswd "pass" "file" - [241]option, which is the same functionality of storepasswd. Be sure + [243]option, which is the same functionality of storepasswd. Be sure to quote the "pass" if it contains shell meta characters, spaces, etc. Example: x11vnc -storepasswd 'sword*fish' $HOME/myvncpasswd - You then use the password via the x11vnc option: "[242]-rfbauth + You then use the password via the x11vnc option: "[244]-rfbauth $HOME/myvncpasswd" As of Jan/2006 if you do not supply any arguments: @@ -3415,11 +3447,11 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 ~/.mypass", the password you are prompted for will be stored in that file. - x11vnc also has the [243]-passwdfile and -passwd/-viewpasswd plain + x11vnc also has the [245]-passwdfile and -passwd/-viewpasswd plain text (i.e. not obscured like the -rfbauth VNC passwords) password options. - You can use the [244]-usepw option to automatically use any password + You can use the [246]-usepw option to automatically use any password file you have in ~/.vnc/passwd or ~/.vnc/passwdfile (the latter is used with the -passwdfile option.) @@ -3431,7 +3463,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 who do not know better. - Q-34: Can I make it so -storepasswd doesn't show my password on the + Q-35: Can I make it so -storepasswd doesn't show my password on the screen? You can use the vncpasswd program from RealVNC or TightVNC mentioned @@ -3448,17 +3480,17 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 ~/.mypass" - Q-35: Can I have two passwords for VNC viewers, one for full access + Q-36: Can I have two passwords for VNC viewers, one for full access and the other for view-only access to the display? - Yes, as of May/2004 there is the [245]-viewpasswd option to supply the - view-only password. Note the full-access password option [246]-passwd + Yes, as of May/2004 there is the [247]-viewpasswd option to supply the + view-only password. Note the full-access password option [248]-passwd must be supplied at the same time. E.g.: -passwd sword -viewpasswd fish. To avoid specifying the passwords on the command line (where they could be observed via the ps(1) command by any user) you can use the - [247]-passwdfile option to specify a file containing plain text + [249]-passwdfile option to specify a file containing plain text passwords. Presumably this file is readable only by you, and ideally it is located on the machine x11vnc is run on (to avoid being snooped on over the network.) The first line of this file is the full-access @@ -3466,7 +3498,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 it is taken as the view-only password. (use "__EMPTY__" to supply an empty one.) - View-only passwords currently do not work for the [248]-rfbauth + View-only passwords currently do not work for the [250]-rfbauth password option (standard VNC password storing mechanism.) FWIW, note that although the output (usually placed in $HOME/.vnc/passwd) by the vncpasswd or storepasswd programs (or from x11vnc -storepasswd) looks @@ -3476,10 +3508,10 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 straight-forward to work out what to do from the VNC source code. - Q-36: Can I have as many full-access and view-only passwords as I + Q-37: Can I have as many full-access and view-only passwords as I like? - Yes, as of Jan/2006 in the libvncserver CVS the [249]-passwdfile + Yes, as of Jan/2006 in the libvncserver CVS the [251]-passwdfile option has been extended to handle as many passwords as you like. You put the view-only passwords after a line __BEGIN_VIEWONLY__. @@ -3487,9 +3519,9 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 You can have x11vnc re-read the file dynamically when it is modified. - Q-37: Does x11vnc support Unix usernames and passwords? Can I further + Q-38: Does x11vnc support Unix usernames and passwords? Can I further limit the set of Unix usernames who can connect to the VNC desktop? - Update: as of Feb/2006 x11vnc has the [250]-unixpw option that does + Update: as of Feb/2006 x11vnc has the [252]-unixpw option that does this outside of the VNC protocol and libvncserver. The standard su(1) program is used to validate the user's password. A familiar "login:" and "Password:" dialog is presented to the user on a black screen @@ -3499,7 +3531,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 A list of allowed Unix usernames may also be supplied along with per-user settings. - There is also the [251]-unixpw_nis option for non-shadow-password + There is also the [253]-unixpw_nis option for non-shadow-password (typically NIS environments, hence the name) systems where the traditional getpwnam() and crypt() functions are used instead of su(1). The encrypted user passwords must be accessible to the user @@ -3508,11 +3540,11 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 shadow(5). Two settings are enforced in the -unixpw and -unixpw_nis modes to - provide extra security: the 1) [252]-localhost and 2) [253]-stunnel or - [254]-ssl options. Without these one might send the Unix username and + provide extra security: the 1) [254]-localhost and 2) [255]-stunnel or + [256]-ssl options. Without these one might send the Unix username and password data in clear text over the network which is a very bad idea. They can be relaxed if you want to provide encryption other than - stunnel or [255]-ssl (the constraint is automatically relaxed if + stunnel or [257]-ssl (the constraint is automatically relaxed if SSH_CONNECTION is set and indicates you have ssh-ed in, however the -localhost requirement is still enforced.) @@ -3531,13 +3563,13 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 approximate at best. One approximate method involves starting x11vnc with the - [256]-localhost option. This basically requires the viewer user to log + [258]-localhost option. This basically requires the viewer user to log into the workstation where x11vnc is running via their Unix username and password, and then somehow set up a port redirection of his vncviewer connection to make it appear to emanate from the local machine. As discussed above, ssh is useful for this: "ssh -L 5900:localhost:5900 user@hostname ..." See the ssh wrapper scripts - mentioned [257]elsewhere on this page. [258]stunnel does this as well. + mentioned [259]elsewhere on this page. [260]stunnel does this as well. Of course a malicious user could allow other users to get in through his channel, but that is a problem with every method. Another thing to @@ -3548,7 +3580,7 @@ TrueColor defdepth 24 traditional way would be to further require a VNC password to supplied (-rfbauth, -passwd, etc) and only tell the people allowed in what the VNC password is. A scheme that avoids a second password involves using - the [259]-accept option that runs a program to examine the connection + the [261]-accept option that runs a program to examine the connection information to determine which user is connecting from the local machine. That may be difficult to do, but, for example, the program could use the ident service on the local machine (normally ident @@ -3580,11 +3612,11 @@ exit 1 # reject it always be "root". - Q-38: Can I supply an external program to provide my own custom login + Q-39: Can I supply an external program to provide my own custom login method (e.g. Dynamic/One-time passwords or non-Unix (LDAP) usernames and passwords)? Yes, there are several possibilities. For background see the FAQ on - the [260]-accept where an external program may be run to decide if a + the [262]-accept where an external program may be run to decide if a VNC client should be allowed to try to connect and log in. If the program (or local user prompted by a popup) answers "yes", then -accept proceeds to the normal VNC and x11vnc authentication methods, @@ -3592,26 +3624,26 @@ exit 1 # reject it To provide more direct coupling to the VNC client's username and/or supplied password the following options were added in Sep/2006: - * [261]-unixpw_cmd command - * [262]-passwdfile cmd:command - * [263]-passwdfile custom:command + * [263]-unixpw_cmd command + * [264]-passwdfile cmd:command + * [265]-passwdfile custom:command In each case "command" is an external command run by x11vnc. You supply it. For example, it may couple to your LDAP system or other servers you set up. - For [264]-unixpw_cmd the normal [265]-unixpw Login: and Password: + For [266]-unixpw_cmd the normal [267]-unixpw Login: and Password: prompts are supplied to the VNC viewer and the strings the client returns are then piped into "command" as the first two lines of its standard input. If the command returns success, i.e. exit(0), the VNC client is accepted, otherwise it is rejected. - For "[266]-passwdfile cmd:command" the command is run and it returns a - password list (like a password file, see the [267]-passwdfile + For "[268]-passwdfile cmd:command" the command is run and it returns a + password list (like a password file, see the [269]-passwdfile read:filename mode.) Perhaps a dynamic, one-time password is retrieved from a server this way. - For "[268]-passwdfile custom:command" one gets complete control over + For "[270]-passwdfile custom:command" one gets complete control over the VNC challenge-response dialog with the VNC client. x11vnc sends out a string of random bytes (16 by the VNC spec) and the client returns the same number of bytes in a way the server can verify only @@ -3625,33 +3657,33 @@ exit 1 # reject it accepted, otherwise it is rejected. In all cases the "RFB_*" environment variables are set as under - [269]-accept. These variables can provide useful information for the + [271]-accept. These variables can provide useful information for the externally supplied program to use. - Q-39: Why does x11vnc exit as soon as the VNC viewer disconnects? And + Q-40: Why does x11vnc exit as soon as the VNC viewer disconnects? And why doesn't it allow more than one VNC viewer to connect at the same time? These defaults are simple safety measures to avoid someone unknowingly leaving his X11 desktop exposed (to the internet, say) for long - periods of time. Use the [270]-forever option (aka -many) to have + periods of time. Use the [272]-forever option (aka -many) to have x11vnc wait for more connections after the first client disconnects. - Use the [271]-shared option to have x11vnc allow multiple clients to + Use the [273]-shared option to have x11vnc allow multiple clients to connect simultaneously. - Recommended additional safety measures include using ssh ([272]see - above), stunnel, [273]-ssl, or a VPN to authenticate and encrypt the + Recommended additional safety measures include using ssh ([274]see + above), stunnel, [275]-ssl, or a VPN to authenticate and encrypt the viewer connections or to at least use the -rfbauth passwd-file - [274]option to use VNC password protection (or [275]-passwdfile) It is + [276]option to use VNC password protection (or [277]-passwdfile) It is up to YOU to apply these security measures, they will not be done for you automatically. - Q-40: Can I limit which machines incoming VNC clients can connect + Q-41: Can I limit which machines incoming VNC clients can connect from? - Yes, look at the [276]-allow and [277]-localhost options to limit + Yes, look at the [278]-allow and [279]-localhost options to limit connections by hostname or IP address. E.g. x11vnc -allow 192.168.0.1,192.168.0.2 @@ -3663,11 +3695,11 @@ exit 1 # reject it Note that -localhost achieves the same thing as "-allow 127.0.0.1" For more control, build libvncserver with libwrap support - [278](tcp_wrappers) and then use /etc/hosts.allow See hosts_access(5) + [280](tcp_wrappers) and then use /etc/hosts.allow See hosts_access(5) for complete details. - Q-41: How do I build x11vnc/libvncserver with libwrap (tcp_wrappers) + Q-42: How do I build x11vnc/libvncserver with libwrap (tcp_wrappers) support? Here is one way to pass this information to the configure script: @@ -3683,43 +3715,43 @@ exit 1 # reject it is "vnc", e.g.: vnc: 192.168.100.3 .example.com - Note that if you run x11vnc out of [279]inetd you do not need to build + Note that if you run x11vnc out of [281]inetd you do not need to build x11vnc with libwrap support because the /usr/sbin/tcpd reference in /etc/inetd.conf handles the tcp_wrappers stuff. - Q-42: Can I have x11vnc only listen on one network interface (e.g. + Q-43: Can I have x11vnc only listen on one network interface (e.g. internal LAN) rather than having it listen on all network interfaces and relying on -allow to filter unwanted connections out? - As of Mar/2005 there is the "[280]-listen ipaddr" option that enables + As of Mar/2005 there is the "[282]-listen ipaddr" option that enables this. For ipaddr either supply the desired network interface's IP address (or use a hostname that resolves to it) or use the string "localhost". For additional filtering simultaneously use the - "[281]-allow host1,..." option to allow only specific hosts in. + "[283]-allow host1,..." option to allow only specific hosts in. This option is useful if you want to insure that no one can even begin a dialog with x11vnc from untrusted network interfaces (e.g. ppp0.) - The option [282]-localhost now implies "-listen localhost" since that + The option [284]-localhost now implies "-listen localhost" since that is what most people expect it to do. - Q-43: Now that -localhost implies listening only on the loopback + Q-44: Now that -localhost implies listening only on the loopback interface, how I can occasionally allow in a non-localhost via the -R allowonce remote control command? - To do this specify "[283]-allow localhost". Unlike [284]-localhost + To do this specify "[285]-allow localhost". Unlike [286]-localhost this will leave x11vnc listening on all interfaces (but of course only allowing in local connections, e.g. ssh redirs.) Then you can later run "x11vnc -R allowonce:somehost" or use to gui to permit a one-shot connection from a remote host. - Q-44: Can I fine tune what types of user input are allowed? E.g. have + Q-45: Can I fine tune what types of user input are allowed? E.g. have some users just be able to move the mouse, but not click or type anything? - As of Feb/2005, the [285]-input option allows you to do this. "K", + As of Feb/2005, the [287]-input option allows you to do this. "K", "M", "B", "C", and "F" stand for Keystroke, Mouse-motion, Button-clicks, Clipboard, and File-Transfer, respectively. The setting: "-input M" makes attached viewers only able to move the @@ -3730,12 +3762,12 @@ exit 1 # reject it remote control mechanism or the GUI. E.g. x11vnc -R input:hostname:M - Q-45: Can I prompt the user at the local X display whether the + Q-46: Can I prompt the user at the local X display whether the incoming VNC client should be accepted or not? Can I decide to make some clients view-only? How about running an arbitrary program to make the decisions? - Yes, look at the "[286]-accept command" option, it allows you to + Yes, look at the "[288]-accept command" option, it allows you to specify an external command that is run for each new client. (use quotes around the command if it contains spaces, etc.) If the external command returns 0 (success) the client is accepted, otherwise with any @@ -3756,7 +3788,7 @@ exit 1 # reject it client press "y" or click mouse on the "Yes" button. To reject the client press "n" or click mouse on the "No" button. To accept the client View-only, press "v" or click mouse on the "View" button. If - the [287]-viewonly option has been supplied, the "View" action will + the [289]-viewonly option has been supplied, the "View" action will not be present: the whole display is view only in that case. The popup window times out after 120 seconds, to change this behavior @@ -3771,7 +3803,7 @@ exit 1 # reject it program to prompt the user whether the client should be accepted or not. This requires that you have xmessage installed and available via PATH. In case it is not already on your system, the xmessage program - is available at [288]ftp://ftp.x.org/ + is available at [290]ftp://ftp.x.org/ (End of Built-in Popup Window:) To include view-only decisions for the external commands, prefix the @@ -3811,7 +3843,7 @@ elif [ $rc = 4 ]; then fi exit 1 - Stefan Radman has written a nice dtksh script [289]dtVncPopup for use + Stefan Radman has written a nice dtksh script [291]dtVncPopup for use in CDE environments to do the same sort of thing. Information on how to use it is found at the top of the file. He encourages you to provide feedback to him to help improve the script. @@ -3820,23 +3852,23 @@ exit 1 popup is being run, so attached clients will not receive screen updates, etc during this period. - To run a command when a client disconnects, use the "[290]-gone + To run a command when a client disconnects, use the "[292]-gone command" option. This is for the user's convenience only: the return code of the command is not interpreted by x11vnc. The same environment variables are set as in "-accept command" (except that RFB_MODE will be "gone".) - As of Jan/2006 the "[291]-afteraccept command" option will run the + As of Jan/2006 the "[293]-afteraccept command" option will run the command only after the VNC client has been accepted and authenticated. Like -gone the return code is not interpreted. RFB_MODE will be "afteraccept".) - Q-46: I start x11vnc as root because it is launched via inetd(8) or a + Q-47: I start x11vnc as root because it is launched via inetd(8) or a display manager like gdm(1). Can I have x11vnc later switch to a different user? - As of Feb/2005 x11vnc has the [292]-users option that allows things + As of Feb/2005 x11vnc has the [294]-users option that allows things like this. Please read the documentation on it (also in the x11vnc -help output) carefully for features and caveats. It's use can often decrease security unless care is taken. @@ -3848,7 +3880,7 @@ exit 1 warranty ;-). - Q-47: I use a screen-lock when I leave my workstation (e.g. + Q-48: I use a screen-lock when I leave my workstation (e.g. xscreensaver or xlock.) When I remotely access my workstation desktop via x11vnc I can unlock the desktop fine, but I am worried people will see my activities on the physical monitor. What can I do to prevent @@ -3861,7 +3893,7 @@ exit 1 In any event, as of Jun/2004 there is an experimental utility to make it more difficult for nosey people to see your x11vnc activities. The - source for it is [293]blockdpy.c The idea behind it is simple (but + source for it is [295]blockdpy.c The idea behind it is simple (but obviously not bulletproof): when a VNC client attaches to x11vnc put the display monitor in the DPMS "off" state, if the DPMS state ever changes immediately start up the screen-lock program. The x11vnc user @@ -3877,8 +3909,8 @@ exit 1 bulletproof. A really robust solution would likely require X server and perhaps even video hardware support. - The blockdpy utility is launched by the [294]-accept option and told - to exit via the [295]-gone option (the vnc client user should + The blockdpy utility is launched by the [296]-accept option and told + to exit via the [297]-gone option (the vnc client user should obviously re-lock the screen before disconnecting!) Instructions can be found in the source code for the utility at the above link. Roughly it is something like this: @@ -3887,17 +3919,17 @@ exit 1 but please read the top of the file. Update: As of Feb/2007 there is some builtin support for this: - [296]-forcedpms and [297]-clientdpms however, they are probably less + [298]-forcedpms and [299]-clientdpms however, they are probably less robust than the above blockdpy.c scheme, since if the person floods the physical machine with mouse or pointer input he can usually see flashes of the screen before the monitor is powered off again. See - also the [298]-grabkbd, [299]-grabptr, and [300]-grabalways options. + also the [300]-grabkbd, [301]-grabptr, and [302]-grabalways options. - Q-48: Can I have x11vnc automatically lock the screen when I + Q-49: Can I have x11vnc automatically lock the screen when I disconnect the VNC viewer? - Yes, a user mentions he uses the [301]-gone option under CDE to run a + Yes, a user mentions he uses the [303]-gone option under CDE to run a screen lock program: x11vnc -display :0 -forever -gone 'dtaction LockDisplay' @@ -3907,7 +3939,7 @@ exit 1 x11vnc -display :0 -forever -gone 'xlock &' x11vnc -display :0 -forever -gone 'xlock -mode blank &' - Here is a scheme using the [302]-afteraccept option (in version 0.8) + Here is a scheme using the [304]-afteraccept option (in version 0.8) to unlock the screen after the first valid VNC login and to lock the screen after the last valid VNC login disconnects: x11vnc -display :0 -forever -shared -afteraccept ./myxlocker -gone ./myxlocke @@ -3945,24 +3977,24 @@ exec @ARGV; then use -gone "setpgrp xlock &", etc. [Encrypted Connections] - Q-49: How can I tunnel my connection to x11vnc via an encrypted SSH + Q-50: How can I tunnel my connection to x11vnc via an encrypted SSH channel between two Unix machines? - See the description earlier on this page on [303]how to tunnel VNC via + See the description earlier on this page on [305]how to tunnel VNC via SSH from Unix to Unix. A number of ways are described along with some issues you may encounter. Other secure encrypted methods exists, e.g. stunnel, IPSEC, various VPNs, etc. - See also the [304]Enhanced TightVNC Viewer (SSVNC) page where much of + See also the [306]Enhanced TightVNC Viewer (SSVNC) page where much of this is now automated. - Q-50: How can I tunnel my connection to x11vnc via an encrypted SSH + Q-51: How can I tunnel my connection to x11vnc via an encrypted SSH channel from Windows using an SSH client like Putty? - [305]Above we described how to tunnel VNC via SSH from Unix to Unix, + [307]Above we described how to tunnel VNC via SSH from Unix to Unix, you may want to review it. To do this from Windows using Putty it would go something like this: * In the Putty dialog window under 'Session' enter the hostname or @@ -3983,11 +4015,11 @@ exec @ARGV; :0 (plus other cmdline options) in the 'Remote command' Putty setting under 'Connections/SSH'. - See also the [306]Enhanced TightVNC Viewer (SSVNC) page where much of + See also the [308]Enhanced TightVNC Viewer (SSVNC) page where much of this is now automated via the Putty plink utility. - For extra protection feel free to run x11vnc with the [307]-localhost - and [308]-rfbauth/[309]-passwdfile options. + For extra protection feel free to run x11vnc with the [309]-localhost + and [310]-rfbauth/[311]-passwdfile options. If the machine you SSH into via Putty is not the same machine with the X display you wish to view (e.g. your company provides incoming SSH @@ -3995,21 +4027,21 @@ exec @ARGV; dialog setting to: 'Destination: otherhost:5900', Once logged in, you'll need to do a second login (ssh or rsh) to the workstation machine 'otherhost' and then start up x11vnc on it. This can also be - automated by [310]Chaining SSH's. + automated by [312]Chaining SSH's. - As discussed [311]above another option is to first start the VNC + As discussed [313]above another option is to first start the VNC viewer in "listen" mode, and then launch x11vnc with the - "[312]-connect localhost" option to establish the reverse connection. + "[314]-connect localhost" option to establish the reverse connection. In this case a Remote port redirection (not Local) is needed for port 5500 instead of 5900 (i.e. 'Source port: 5500' and 'Destination: localhost:5500' for a Remote connection.) - Q-51: How can I tunnel my connection to x11vnc via an encrypted SSL + Q-52: How can I tunnel my connection to x11vnc via an encrypted SSL channel using an external tool like stunnel? It is possible to use a "lighter weight" encryption setup than SSH or - IPSEC. SSL tunnels such as [313]stunnel (also [314]stunnel.mirt.net) + IPSEC. SSL tunnels such as [315]stunnel (also [316]stunnel.mirt.net) provide an encrypted channel without the need for Unix users, passwords, and key passphrases required for ssh (and at the other extreme SSL can also provide a complete signed certificate chain of @@ -4017,9 +4049,9 @@ exec @ARGV; and firewalls often let its port through, ssh is frequently the path of least resistance (it also nicely manages public keys for you.) - Update: As of Feb/2006 x11vnc has the options [315]-ssl, - [316]-stunnel, and [317]-sslverify to provide integrated SSL schemes. - They are discussed [318]in the Next FAQ (you probably want to skip to + Update: As of Feb/2006 x11vnc has the options [317]-ssl, + [318]-stunnel, and [319]-sslverify to provide integrated SSL schemes. + They are discussed [320]in the Next FAQ (you probably want to skip to it now.) We include these non-built-in method descriptions below for historical @@ -4027,7 +4059,7 @@ exec @ARGV; any VNC (or other type of) server. - Here are some basic examples using [319]stunnel but the general idea + Here are some basic examples using [321]stunnel but the general idea for any SSL tunnel utility is the same: * Start up x11vnc and constrain it to listen on localhost. * Then start up the SSL tunnel running on the same machine to @@ -4051,7 +4083,7 @@ exec @ARGV; The above two commands are run on host "far-away.east". The stunnel.pem is the self-signed PEM file certificate created when - stunnel is built. One can also create certificates [320]signed by + stunnel is built. One can also create certificates [322]signed by Certificate Authorities or self-signed if desired using the x11vnc utilities described there. @@ -4065,21 +4097,21 @@ exec @ARGV; Then point the viewer to the local tunnel on port 5902: vncviewer -encodings "copyrect tight zrle hextile" localhost:2 - That's it. Note that the [321]ss_vncviewer script can automate this - easily, and so can the [322]Enhanced TightVNC Viewer (SSVNC) package. + That's it. Note that the [323]ss_vncviewer script can automate this + easily, and so can the [324]Enhanced TightVNC Viewer (SSVNC) package. Be sure to use a VNC password because unlike ssh by default the encrypted SSL channel provides no authentication (only privacy.) With some extra configuration one could also set up certificates to provide authentication of either or both sides as well (and hence avoid man-in-the-middle attacks.) See the stunnel and openssl documentation - and also [323]the key management section for details. + and also [325]the key management section for details. stunnel has also been ported to Windows, and there are likely others to choose from for that OS. Much info for using it on Windows can be - found at the stunnel site and in this [324]article The article also + found at the stunnel site and in this [326]article The article also shows the detailed steps to set up all the authentication - certificates. (for both server and clients, see also the [325]x11vnc + certificates. (for both server and clients, see also the [327]x11vnc utilities that do this.) The default Windows client setup (no certs) is simpler and only 4 files are needed in a folder: stunnel.exe, stunnel.conf, libssl32.dll, libeay32.dll. We used an stunnel.conf @@ -4100,7 +4132,7 @@ connect = far-away.east:5901 As an aside, if you don't like the little "gap" of unencrypted TCP traffic (and a localhost listening socket) on the local machine between stunnel and x11vnc it can actually be closed by having stunnel - start up x11vnc in [326]-inetd mode: + start up x11vnc in [328]-inetd mode: stunnel -p /path/to/stunnel.pem -P none -d 5900 -l ./x11vnc_sh Where the script x11vnc_sh starts up x11vnc: @@ -4137,36 +4169,36 @@ connect = 5900 SSL VNC Viewers: Regarding VNC viewers that "natively" do SSL unfortunately there do - not seem to be many. The [327]SingleClick UltraVNC Java Viewer is SSL - and is compatible with x11vnc's [328]-ssl option and stunnel.) + not seem to be many. The [329]SingleClick UltraVNC Java Viewer is SSL + and is compatible with x11vnc's [330]-ssl option and stunnel.) Commercial versions of VNC seem to have some SSL-like encryption built in, but we haven't tried those either and they probably wouldn't work since their (proprietary) SSL-like negotiation is likely embedded in the VNC protocol unlike our case where it is external. - Note: as of Mar/2006 libvncserver/x11vnc provides a [329]SSL-enabled - Java applet that can be served up via the [330]-httpdir or [331]-http - options when [332]-ssl is enabled. It will also be served via HTTPS + Note: as of Mar/2006 libvncserver/x11vnc provides a [331]SSL-enabled + Java applet that can be served up via the [332]-httpdir or [333]-http + options when [334]-ssl is enabled. It will also be served via HTTPS via either the VNC port (e.g. https://host:5900/) or a 2nd port via - the [333]-https option. + the [335]-https option. In general current SSL VNC solutions are not particularly "seemless". But it can be done, and with a wrapper script on the viewer side and - the [334]-stunnel or [335]-ssl option on the server side it works well - and is convenient. Here is a simple script [336]ss_vncviewer that + the [336]-stunnel or [337]-ssl option on the server side it works well + and is convenient. Here is a simple script [338]ss_vncviewer that automates running stunnel on the VNC viewer side on Unix a little more carefully than the commands printed above. (One could probably do a similar thing with a .BAT file on Windows in the stunnel folder.) - Update Jul/2006: we now provide an [337]Enhanced TightVNC Viewer + Update Jul/2006: we now provide an [339]Enhanced TightVNC Viewer (SSVNC) package that starts up STUNNEL automatically along with some other features. All binaries (stunnel, vncviewer, and some utilities) are provided in the package. It works on Unix, Mac OS X, and Windows. - Q-52: Does x11vnc have built-in SSL tunneling? + Q-53: Does x11vnc have built-in SSL tunneling? - You can read about non-built-in methods [338]in the Previous FAQ for + You can read about non-built-in methods [340]in the Previous FAQ for background. SSL tunnels provide an encrypted channel without the need for Unix @@ -4178,12 +4210,12 @@ connect = 5900 Built-in SSL x11vnc options: - As of Feb/2006 the x11vnc [339]-ssl option automates the SSL tunnel - creation on the x11vnc server side. An [340]SSL-enabled Java Viewer + As of Feb/2006 the x11vnc [341]-ssl option automates the SSL tunnel + creation on the x11vnc server side. An [342]SSL-enabled Java Viewer applet is also provided that can be served via HTTP or HTTPS to automate SSL on the client side. - The [341]-ssl mode uses the [342]www.openssl.org library if available + The [343]-ssl mode uses the [344]www.openssl.org library if available at build time. The mode requires an SSL certificate and key (i.e. .pem file.) These @@ -4209,11 +4241,11 @@ connect = 5900 "-ssl SAVE_NOPROMPT" to not be prompted. Use "-ssl TMP" to create a temporary self-signed cert that will be discarded when x11vnc exits. - Update: As of Nov/2008 x11vnc also supports the [343]VeNCrypt SSL/TLS + Update: As of Nov/2008 x11vnc also supports the [345]VeNCrypt SSL/TLS tunnel extension to the VNC protocol. The older ANONTLS method (vino) is also supported. This support is on by default when the -ssl option - is in use and can be fine-tuned using these options: [344]-vencrypt - and [345]-anontls. + is in use and can be fine-tuned using these options: [346]-vencrypt + and [347]-anontls. The normal x11vnc -ssl operation is somewhat like a URL method vncs://hostname if vnc://hostname indicates a standard unencrypted VNC @@ -4225,7 +4257,7 @@ connect = 5900 SSL VNC Viewers:. Viewer-side will need to use SSL as well. See the - [346]next FAQ and [347]here for SSL enabled VNC Viewers, including + [348]next FAQ and [349]here for SSL enabled VNC Viewers, including SSVNC, to connect to the above x11vnc via SSL. @@ -4240,12 +4272,12 @@ connect = 5900 is to encrypt the key with a passphrase (note however this requires supplying the passphrase each time x11vnc is started up.) - See the discussion on [348]x11vnc Key Management for some utilities + See the discussion on [350]x11vnc Key Management for some utilities provided for creating and managing certificates and keys and even for creating your own Certificate Authority (CA) for signing VNC server and client certificates. This may be done by importing the certificate into Web Browser or Java plugin keystores, or pointing stunnel to it. - The wrapper script [349]ss_vncviewer provides an example on unix (see + The wrapper script [351]ss_vncviewer provides an example on unix (see the -verify option.) Here are some notes on the simpler default (non-CA) operation. To have @@ -4259,7 +4291,7 @@ connect = 5900 the possibility of copying the server.crt to machines where the VNC Viewer will be run to enable authenticating the x11vnc SSL VNC server to the clients. When authentication takes place this way (or via the - more sophisticated CA signing described [350]here), then + more sophisticated CA signing described [352]here), then Man-In-The-Middle-Attacks are prevented. Otherwise, the SSL encryption only provides protection against passive network traffic "sniffing" (i.e. you are not protected against M-I-T-M attacks.) Nowadays, most @@ -4291,11 +4323,11 @@ connect = 5900 The older -stunnel option: Before the -ssl option there was a - convenience option [351]-stunnel that would start an external SSL + convenience option [353]-stunnel that would start an external SSL tunnel for you using stunnel. The -ssl method is the preferred way, but for historical reference we keep the -stunnel info here. - The [352]-stunnel mode requires the [353]www.stunnel.org command + The [354]-stunnel mode requires the [355]www.stunnel.org command stunnel(8) to be installed on the system. Some -stunnel examples: @@ -4319,15 +4351,15 @@ connect = 5900 TMP".) - Q-53: How do I use VNC Viewers with built-in SSL tunneling? + Q-54: How do I use VNC Viewers with built-in SSL tunneling? Notes on using "native" VNC Viewers with SSL: There aren't any native VNC Viewers that do SSL (ask your VNC viewer developer to add the feature.) So a tunnel must be setup that you point the VNC Viewer to. This is often STUNNEL. You can do this - [354]manually, or use the [355]ss_vncviewer script on Unix, or our - [356]Enhanced TightVNC Viewer (SSVNC) package on Unix, Windows, or + [356]manually, or use the [357]ss_vncviewer script on Unix, or our + [358]Enhanced TightVNC Viewer (SSVNC) package on Unix, Windows, or MacOSX. See the next section for Java Web browser SSL VNC Viewers (you only need a Java-enabled Web browser for it to work.) @@ -4339,13 +4371,13 @@ connect = 5900 The SSL enabled Java VNC Viewer (VncViewer.jar) in the x11vnc package supports only SSL based connections by default. As mentioned above the - [357]-httpdir can be used to specify the path to .../classes/ssl. A + [359]-httpdir can be used to specify the path to .../classes/ssl. A typical location might be /usr/local/share/x11vnc/classes/ssl. Or - [358]-http can be used to try to have it find the directory + [360]-http can be used to try to have it find the directory automatically. - Also note that the [359]SingleClick UltraVNC Java Viewer is compatible - with x11vnc's [360]-ssl SSL mode. (We tested it this way: "java -cp + Also note that the [361]SingleClick UltraVNC Java Viewer is compatible + with x11vnc's [362]-ssl SSL mode. (We tested it this way: "java -cp ./VncViewer.jar VncViewer HOST far-away.east PORT 5900 USESSL 1 TRUSTALL 1") @@ -4380,13 +4412,13 @@ connect = 5900 If you are using a router/firewall with port-redirection, and you are redirecting ports other than the default ones (5800, 5900) listed - above [361]see here. + above [363]see here. The https service provided thru the actual VNC port (5900 in the above example) can occasionally be slow or unreliable (it has to read some input and try to guess if the connection is VNC or HTTP.) If it is unreliable for you and you still want to serve the Java applet via - https, use the [362]-https option to get an additional port dedicated + https, use the [364]-https option to get an additional port dedicated to https (its URL will also be printed in the output.) Another possibility is to add the GET applet parameter: @@ -4399,7 +4431,7 @@ connect = 5900 You may also use "urlPrefix=somestring" to have /somestring prepended to /request.https.vnc.connection". Perhaps you are using a web server - [363]proxy scheme to enter a firewall or otherwise have rules applied + [365]proxy scheme to enter a firewall or otherwise have rules applied to the URL. If you need to have any slashes "/" in "somestring" use "_2F_" (a deficiency in libvncserver prevents using the more natural "%2F".) @@ -4492,12 +4524,12 @@ connect = 5900 Then, if you plan to use them, enable "fancy stuff" like "-svc" or "-unixpw", etc, etc. Be sure to add a password either "-rfbauth" or "-unixpw" or both. If you need to have the web browser use a corporate - [364]Web Proxy (i.e. it cannot connect directly) work on that last. - Ditto for the [365]Apache portal. + [366]Web Proxy (i.e. it cannot connect directly) work on that last. + Ditto for the [367]Apache portal. Router/Firewall port redirs: If you are doing port redirection at - your [366]router to an internal machine running x11vnc AND the + your [368]router to an internal machine running x11vnc AND the internet facing port is different from the internal machine's VNC port, you will need to apply the PORT applet parameter to indicate to the applet the Internet facing port number (otherwise by default the @@ -4507,7 +4539,7 @@ connect = 5900 So in this example the user configures his router to redirect connections to port 443 on his Internet side to, say, port 5900 on the - internal machine running x11vnc. See also the [367]-httpsredir option + internal machine running x11vnc. See also the [369]-httpsredir option that will try to automate this for you. To configure your router to do port redirection, see its instructions. @@ -4518,7 +4550,7 @@ connect = 5900 or Unix system acting as your firewall/router, see its firewall configuration. - You can also use x11vnc options [368]-rfbport NNNNN and [369]-httpport + You can also use x11vnc options [370]-rfbport NNNNN and [371]-httpport NNNNN to match the ports that your firewall will be redirecting to the machine where x11vnc is run. @@ -4547,12 +4579,12 @@ connect = 5900 NOT linger at. If you see in the x11vnc output a request for VncViewer.class instead of VncViewer.jar it is too late... you will need to completely restart the Web browser to get it to try for the - jar again. You can use the [370]-https option if you want a dedicated + jar again. You can use the [372]-https option if you want a dedicated port for HTTPS connections instead of sharing the VNC port. To see example x11vnc output for a successful https://host:5900/ - connection with the Java Applet see [371]This Page. And here is a - newer example [372]including the Java Console output. + connection with the Java Applet see [373]This Page. And here is a + newer example [374]including the Java Console output. All of the x11vnc Java Viewer applet parameters are described in the file classes/ssl/README @@ -4563,10 +4595,10 @@ connect = 5900 If you want to use a native VNC Viewer with the SSL enabled x11vnc you will need to run an external SSL tunnel on the Viewer side. There do not seem to be any native SSL VNC Viewers outside of our x11vnc and - [373]SSVNC packages. The basic ideas of doing this were discussed - [374]for external tunnel utilities here. + [375]SSVNC packages. The basic ideas of doing this were discussed + [376]for external tunnel utilities here. - The [375]ss_vncviewer script provided with x11vnc and SSVNC can set up + The [377]ss_vncviewer script provided with x11vnc and SSVNC can set up the stunnel tunnel automatically on unix as long as the stunnel command is installed on the Viewer machine and available in PATH (and vncviewer too of course.) Note that on a Debian based system you will @@ -4600,20 +4632,20 @@ connect = 5900 The fifth one shows that Web proxies can be used if that is the only way to get out of the firewall. If the "double proxy" situation arises - separate the two by commas. See [376]this page for more information on + separate the two by commas. See [378]this page for more information on how Web proxies come into play. - If one uses a Certificate Authority (CA) scheme described [377]here, + If one uses a Certificate Authority (CA) scheme described [379]here, the wrapper script would use the CA cert instead of the server cert: 3') ss_vncviewer -verify ./cacert.crt far-away.east:0 - Update Jul/2006: we now provide an [378]Enhanced TightVNC Viewer + Update Jul/2006: we now provide an [380]Enhanced TightVNC Viewer (SSVNC) package that starts up STUNNEL automatically along with some other features. All binaries (stunnel, vncviewer, and some utilities) are provided in the package. It works on Unix, Mac OS X, and Windows. - Q-54: How do I use the Java applet VNC Viewer with built-in SSL + Q-55: How do I use the Java applet VNC Viewer with built-in SSL tunneling when going through a Web Proxy? The SSL enabled Java VNC Viewer and firewall Proxies: @@ -4670,36 +4702,36 @@ connect = 5900 https://yourmachine.com/proxy.vnc?PORT=443 this is cleaner because it avoids editing the file, but requires more - parameters in the URL. See also the [379]-httpsredir x11vnc option - that will try to automate this for you. To use the GET [380]trick + parameters in the URL. See also the [381]-httpsredir x11vnc option + that will try to automate this for you. To use the GET [382]trick discussed above, do: https://yourmachine.com/proxy.vnc?GET=1&PORT=443 All of the x11vnc Java Viewer applet parameters are described in the file classes/ssl/README - Here is an example of Java Console and x11vnc output for the [381]Web + Here is an example of Java Console and x11vnc output for the [383]Web proxy case. - Note that both the [382]ss_vncviewer stunnel Unix wrapper script and - [383]Enhanced TightVNC Viewer (SSVNC) can use Web proxies as well even + Note that both the [384]ss_vncviewer stunnel Unix wrapper script and + [385]Enhanced TightVNC Viewer (SSVNC) can use Web proxies as well even though they do not involve a Web browser. - Q-55: Can Apache web server act as a gateway for users to connect via + Q-56: Can Apache web server act as a gateway for users to connect via SSL from the Internet with a Web browser to x11vnc running on their workstations behind a firewall? Yes. You will need to configure apache to forward these connections. - It is discussed [384]here. This provides a clean alternative to the + It is discussed [386]here. This provides a clean alternative to the traditional method where the user uses SSH to log in through the gateway to create the encrypted port redirection to x11vnc running on her desktop. - Q-56: Can I create and use my own SSL Certificate Authority (CA) with + Q-57: Can I create and use my own SSL Certificate Authority (CA) with x11vnc? - Yes, see [385]this page for how to do this and the utility commands + Yes, see [387]this page for how to do this and the utility commands x11vnc provides to create and manage many types of certificates and private keys. @@ -4707,7 +4739,7 @@ connect = 5900 [Display Managers and Services] - Q-57: How can I run x11vnc as a "service" that is always available? + Q-58: How can I run x11vnc as a "service" that is always available? There are a number of ways to do this. The primary thing you need to decide is whether you want x11vnc to connect to the X session on the @@ -4718,14 +4750,14 @@ connect = 5900 need to have sufficient permissions to connect to the X display. Here are some ideas: - * Use the description under "Continuously" in the [386]FAQ on x11vnc + * Use the description under "Continuously" in the [388]FAQ on x11vnc and Display Managers - * Use the description in the [387]FAQ on x11vnc and inetd(8) - * Use the description in the [388]FAQ on Unix user logins and + * Use the description in the [389]FAQ on x11vnc and inetd(8) + * Use the description in the [390]FAQ on Unix user logins and inetd(8) * Start x11vnc from your $HOME/.xsession (or $HOME/.xinitrc or autostart script or ...) - * Although less reliable, see the [389]x11vnc_loop rc.local hack + * Although less reliable, see the [391]x11vnc_loop rc.local hack below. The display manager scheme will not be specific to which user has the @@ -4747,9 +4779,9 @@ x11vnc -logfile $HOME/.x11vnc.log -rfbauth $HOME/.vnc/passwd -forever -bg X startup scripts (traditionally .xsession/.xinitrc) may have to be in a different directory or have a different basename. One user recommends the description under 'Running Scripts Automatically' at - [390]this link. + [392]this link. - Firewalls: note all methods will require the host-level [391]firewall + Firewalls: note all methods will require the host-level [393]firewall to be configured to allow connections in on a port. E.g. 5900 (default VNC port) or 22 (default SSH port for tunnelling VNC.) Most systems these days have firewalls turned on by default, so you will actively @@ -4758,7 +4790,7 @@ x11vnc -logfile $HOME/.x11vnc.log -rfbauth $HOME/.vnc/passwd -forever -bg (Yast, Firestarter, etc.) - Q-58: How can I use x11vnc to connect to an X login screen like xdm, + Q-59: How can I use x11vnc to connect to an X login screen like xdm, GNOME gdm, KDE kdm, or CDE dtlogin? (i.e. nobody is logged into an X session yet.) _________________________________________________________________ @@ -4771,7 +4803,7 @@ x11vnc -logfile $HOME/.x11vnc.log -rfbauth $HOME/.vnc/passwd -forever -bg while running x11vnc as root, e.g. for the gnome display manager, gdm: x11vnc -auth /var/gdm/:0.Xauth -display :0 - (the [392]-auth option sets the XAUTHORITY variable for you.) + (the [394]-auth option sets the XAUTHORITY variable for you.) There will be a similar thing for xdm using however a different auth directory path (perhaps something like @@ -4793,14 +4825,14 @@ x11vnc -logfile $HOME/.x11vnc.log -rfbauth $HOME/.vnc/passwd -forever -bg (or /etc/gdm/gdm.conf, etc.) avoids this. Otherwise, just restart x11vnc and then reconnect your viewer. Other display managers (kdm, etc) may also have a similar problem. One user reports having to alter - "gdm.conf-custom" as well. Update Nov/2008: See also the [393]-reopen + "gdm.conf-custom" as well. Update Nov/2008: See also the [395]-reopen option for another possible workaround. Note: Solaris: For dtlogin in addition to the above sort of trick (BTW, the auth file should be in /var/dt), you'll also need to add something like Dtlogin*grabServer:False to the Xconfig file (/etc/dt/config/Xconfig or /usr/dt/config/Xconfig on Solaris, see - [394]the example at the end of this FAQ.) Then restart dtlogin, e.g.: + [396]the example at the end of this FAQ.) Then restart dtlogin, e.g.: /etc/init.d/dtlogin stop; /etc/init.d/dtlogin start or reboot. _________________________________________________________________ @@ -4813,7 +4845,7 @@ x11vnc -logfile $HOME/.x11vnc.log -rfbauth $HOME/.vnc/passwd -forever -bg Please consider the security implications of this! The VNC display for the X session always accessible (but hopefully password protected.) - Add [395]-localhost if you only plan to access via a [396]SSH tunnel. + Add [397]-localhost if you only plan to access via a [398]SSH tunnel. The name of the display manager startup script file depends on desktop used and seem to be: @@ -4844,7 +4876,7 @@ x11vnc -logfile $HOME/.x11vnc.log -rfbauth $HOME/.vnc/passwd -forever -bg -forever -bg where you should customize the exact command to your needs (e.g. - [397]-localhost for SSH tunnel-only access; [398]-ssl SAVE for SSL + [399]-localhost for SSH tunnel-only access; [400]-ssl SAVE for SSL access; etc.) Happy, happy, joy, joy: Note that we do not need to specify -display @@ -4852,7 +4884,7 @@ x11vnc -logfile $HOME/.x11vnc.log -rfbauth $HOME/.vnc/passwd -forever -bg and XAUTHORITY environment variables for the Xsetup script!!! You may also want to force the VNC port with something like "-rfbport - 5900" (or [399]-N) to avoid autoselecting one if 5900 is already + 5900" (or [401]-N) to avoid autoselecting one if 5900 is already taken. _________________________________________________________________ @@ -4868,7 +4900,7 @@ x11vnc -logfile $HOME/.x11vnc.log -rfbauth $HOME/.vnc/passwd -forever -bg Then restart: /usr/sbin/gdm-restart (or reboot.) The KillInitClients=false setting is important: without it x11vnc will be - killed immediately after the user logs in. Here are [400]full details + killed immediately after the user logs in. Here are [402]full details on how to configure gdm _________________________________________________________________ @@ -4910,16 +4942,16 @@ x11vnc -logfile $HOME/.x11vnc.log -rfbauth $HOME/.vnc/passwd -forever -bg If you do not want to deal with any display manager startup scripts, here is a kludgey script that can be run manually or out of a boot - file like rc.local: [401]x11vnc_loop It will need some local + file like rc.local: [403]x11vnc_loop It will need some local customization before running. Because the XAUTHORITY auth file must be guessed by this script, use of the display manager script method - described above is greatly preferred. There is also the [402]-loop + described above is greatly preferred. There is also the [404]-loop option that does something similar. If the machine is a traditional Xterminal you may want to read - [403]this FAQ. + [405]this FAQ. - Firewalls: note all methods will require the host-level [404]firewall + Firewalls: note all methods will require the host-level [406]firewall to be configured to allow connections in on a port. E.g. 5900 (default VNC port) or 22 (default SSH port for tunnelling VNC.) Most systems these days have firewalls turned on by default, so you will actively @@ -4928,14 +4960,14 @@ x11vnc -logfile $HOME/.x11vnc.log -rfbauth $HOME/.vnc/passwd -forever -bg (Yast, Firestarter, etc.) - Q-59: Can I run x11vnc out of inetd(8)? How about xinetd(8)? + Q-60: Can I run x11vnc out of inetd(8)? How about xinetd(8)? Yes, perhaps a line something like this in /etc/inetd.conf will do it for you: 5900 stream tcp nowait root /usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/local/bin/x11vnc_sh - where the shell script /usr/local/bin/x11vnc_sh uses the [405]-inetd + where the shell script /usr/local/bin/x11vnc_sh uses the [407]-inetd option and looks something like (you'll need to customize to your settings.) #!/bin/sh @@ -4948,7 +4980,7 @@ x11vnc -logfile $HOME/.x11vnc.log -rfbauth $HOME/.vnc/passwd -forever -bg and that confuses it greatly, causing it to abort.) If you do not use a wrapper script as above but rather call x11vnc directly in /etc/inetd.conf and do not redirect stderr to a file, then you must - specify the -q (aka [406]-quiet) option: "/usr/local/bin/x11vnc -q + specify the -q (aka [408]-quiet) option: "/usr/local/bin/x11vnc -q -inetd ...". When you supply both -q and -inet and no "-o logfile" then stderr will automatically be closed (to prevent, e.g. library stderr messages leaking out to the viewer.) The recommended practice @@ -4956,12 +4988,12 @@ x11vnc -logfile $HOME/.x11vnc.log -rfbauth $HOME/.vnc/passwd -forever -bg script with "2>logfile" redirection because the errors and warnings printed out are very useful in troubleshooting problems. - Note also the need to set XAUTHORITY via [407]-auth to point to the + Note also the need to set XAUTHORITY via [409]-auth to point to the MIT-COOKIE auth file to get permission to connect to the X display (setting and exporting the XAUTHORITY variable accomplishes the same thing.) See the x11vnc_loop file in the previous question for more ideas on what that auth file may be, etc. The scheme described in the - [408]FAQ on Unix user logins and inetd(8) works around the XAUTHORITY + [410]FAQ on Unix user logins and inetd(8) works around the XAUTHORITY issue nicely. Note: On Solaris you cannot have the bare number 5900 in @@ -5041,14 +5073,14 @@ exit 1 exec /usr/local/bin/x11vnc -inetd -o /var/log/x11vnc.log -find -env FD_XDM=1 - Q-60: Can I have x11vnc advertise its VNC service and port via mDNS / + Q-61: Can I have x11vnc advertise its VNC service and port via mDNS / Zeroconf (e.g. Avahi) so VNC viewers on the local network can detect it automatically? Yes, as of Feb/2007 x11vnc supports mDNS / Zeroconf advertising of its - service via the Avahi client library. Use the option [409]-avahi (same - as [410]-mdns or [411]-zeroconf) to enable it. Depending on your setup - you may need to install [412]Avahi (including the development/build + service via the Avahi client library. Use the option [411]-avahi (same + as [412]-mdns or [413]-zeroconf) to enable it. Depending on your setup + you may need to install [414]Avahi (including the development/build packages), enable the server: avahi-daemon and avahi-dnsconfd, and possibly open up UDP port 5353 on your firewall. @@ -5072,37 +5104,37 @@ exec /usr/local/bin/x11vnc -inetd -o /var/log/x11vnc.log -find -env FD_XDM=1 other distros/OS's... - Q-61: Can I have x11vnc allow a user to log in with her UNIX username + Q-62: Can I have x11vnc allow a user to log in with her UNIX username and password and then have it find her X session display on that machine and then connect to it? How about starting an X session if one cannot be found? - The easiest way to do this is via [413]inetd(8) using the [414]-unixpw - and [415]-display WAIT options. The reason inetd(8) makes this easier + The easiest way to do this is via [415]inetd(8) using the [416]-unixpw + and [417]-display WAIT options. The reason inetd(8) makes this easier is that it starts a new x11vnc process for each new user connection. Otherwise a wrapper would have to listen for connections and spawn new - x11vnc's (see [416]this example and also the [417]-loopbg option.) + x11vnc's (see [418]this example and also the [419]-loopbg option.) Also with inetd(8) users always connect to a fixed VNC display, say hostname:0, and do not need to memorize a special VNC display number just for their personal use, etc. - Update: Use the [418]-find, [419]-create, [420]-svc, and [421]-xdmsvc + Update: Use the [420]-find, [421]-create, [422]-svc, and [423]-xdmsvc options that are shorthand for common FINDCREATEDISPLAY usage modes (e.g. terminal services) described below. (i.e. just use "-svc" instead of "-display WAIT:cmd=FINDCREATEDISPLAY-Xvfb -unixpw -users unixpw= -ssl SAVE") - The [422]-display WAIT option makes x11vnc wait until a VNC viewer is + The [424]-display WAIT option makes x11vnc wait until a VNC viewer is connected before attaching to the X display. Additionally it can be used to run an external command that returns the DISPLAY and XAUTHORITY data. We provide some useful builtin ones (FINDDISPLAY and FINDCREATEDISPLAY below), but in principle one could supply "-display WAIT:cmd=/path/to/find_display" where the script find_display might - look something like [423]this. + look something like [425]this. A default script somewhat like the above is used under "-display - WAIT:cmd=FINDDISPLAY" (same as [424]-find) (use + WAIT:cmd=FINDDISPLAY" (same as [426]-find) (use "WAIT:cmd=FINDDISPLAY-print" to print out the gnarly script.) The format for any such command is that it returns DISPLAY=:disp as the first line and any remaining lines are either XAUTHORITY=file or raw @@ -5114,10 +5146,10 @@ exec /usr/local/bin/x11vnc -inetd -o /var/log/x11vnc.log -find -env FD_XDM=1 Or if you only know the X server process ID and suspect a chvt will be needed append ",XPID=n". - Tip: Note that the [425]-find option is an alias for "-display + Tip: Note that the [427]-find option is an alias for "-display WAIT:cmd=FINDDISPLAY". Use it! - The [426]-unixpw option allows [427]UNIX password logins. It + The [428]-unixpw option allows [429]UNIX password logins. It conveniently knows the Unix username whose X display should be found. Here are a couple /etc/inetd.conf examples for this: 5900 stream tcp nowait nobody /usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/local/bin/x11vnc -inetd @@ -5131,16 +5163,16 @@ xpw= Note the very long lines have been split. An alternative is to use a wrapper script, e.g. /usr/local/bin/x11vnc.sh that has all of the - options. (see also the [428]-svc alias.) + options. (see also the [430]-svc alias.) In the first one x11vnc is run as user "nobody" and stays user nobody during the whole session. The permissions of the log files and certs directory will need to be set up to allow "nobody" to use them. In the second one x11vnc is run as root and switches to the user that - logs in due to the "[429]-users unixpw=" option. + logs in due to the "[431]-users unixpw=" option. - Note that [430]SSL is required for this mode because otherwise the + Note that [432]SSL is required for this mode because otherwise the Unix password would be passed in clear text over the network. In general -unixpw is not required for this sort of scheme, but it is convenient because it determines exactly who the Unix user is whose @@ -5148,17 +5180,17 @@ xpw= to use some method to work out DISPLAY, XAUTHORITY, etc (perhaps you use multiple inetd ports and hardwire usernames for different ports.) - If you really want to disable the SSL or SSH [431]-localhost + If you really want to disable the SSL or SSH [433]-localhost constraints (this is not recommended unless you really know what you are doing: Unix passwords sent in clear text is a very bad idea...) - read the [432]-unixpw documentation. + read the [434]-unixpw documentation. A inetd(8) scheme for a fixed user that doesn't use SSL or unix passwds could be: /usr/local/bin/x11vnc -inetd -users =fred -find -rfbauth /home/fred/.vnc/passwd -o /var/log/x11vnc.log - The "[433]-users =fred" option will cause x11vnc to switch to user + The "[435]-users =fred" option will cause x11vnc to switch to user fred and then find his X display. @@ -5167,7 +5199,7 @@ xpw= FINDDISPLAY method it will create an X server session for the user (i.e. desktop/terminal server.) This is the only time x11vnc actually tries to start up an X server. By default it will only try to start up - virtual (non-hardware) X servers: first [434]Xdummy and if that is not + virtual (non-hardware) X servers: first [436]Xdummy and if that is not available then Xvfb. Note that Xdummy requires root permission and only works on Linux whereas Xvfb works just about everywhere. @@ -5177,19 +5209,19 @@ xpw= -display WAIT:cmd=FINDCREATEDISPLAY -prog /usr/local/bin/x11vnc Where the very long lines have been split. This will allow direct SSL - (e.g. [435]ss_vncviewer) access and also Java Web browers access via: + (e.g. [437]ss_vncviewer) access and also Java Web browers access via: https://hostname:5900/. - Tip: Note that the [436]-create option is an alias for "-display + Tip: Note that the [438]-create option is an alias for "-display WAIT:cmd=FINDCREATEDISPLAY-Xvfb". - Tip: Note that [437]-svc is a short hand for the long "-ssl SAVE + Tip: Note that [439]-svc is a short hand for the long "-ssl SAVE -unixpw -users unixpw= -display WAIT:cmd=FINDCREATEDISPLAY" part. Unlike -create, this alias also sets up SSL encryption and Unix password login. Tip: In addition to the usual unixpw parameters, the user can specify - after his username (following a ":" see [438]-display WAIT for + after his username (following a ":" see [440]-display WAIT for details) for FINDCREATEDISPLAY they can add "geom=WxH" or "geom=WxHxD" to specify the width, height, and optionally the color depth. E.g. "fred:geom=800x600" at the login: prompt. Also if the env. var @@ -5226,7 +5258,7 @@ service x11vnc WAIT:cmd=FINDCREATEDISPLAY-X,Xvfb,Xdummy". The "X" one means to try to start up a real, hardware X server, e.g. startx(1) (if there is already a real X server running this may only work on Linux and the - chvt program may [439]need to be run to switch to the correct Linux + chvt program may [441]need to be run to switch to the correct Linux virtual terminal.) x11vnc will try to run chvt automatically if it can determine which VT should be switched to. @@ -5253,7 +5285,7 @@ service x11vnc will also typically block UDP (port 177 for XDMCP) by default effectively limiting the UDP connections to localhost. - Tip: Note that [440]-xdmsvc is a short hand for the long "-ssl SAVE + Tip: Note that [442]-xdmsvc is a short hand for the long "-ssl SAVE -unixpw -users unixpw= -display WAIT:cmd=FINDCREATEDISPLAY-Xvfb.xdmcp" part. E.g.: service x11vnc @@ -5317,26 +5349,26 @@ t:5 (e.g. :0) and it switches based on username. - Q-62: Can I have x11vnc restart itself after it terminates? + Q-63: Can I have x11vnc restart itself after it terminates? One could do this in a shell script, but now there is an option - [441]-loop that makes it easier. Of course when x11vnc restarts it + [443]-loop that makes it easier. Of course when x11vnc restarts it needs to have permissions to connect to the (potentially new) X display. This mode could be useful if the X server restarts often. Use e.g. "-loop5000" to sleep 5000 ms between restarts. Also "-loop2000,5" to sleep 2000 ms and only restart 5 times. - One can also use the [442]-loopbg to emulate inetd(8) to some degree, + One can also use the [444]-loopbg to emulate inetd(8) to some degree, where each connected process runs in the background. It could be - combined, say, with the [443]-svc option to provide simple terminal + combined, say, with the [445]-svc option to provide simple terminal services without using inetd(8). - Q-63: How do I make x11vnc work with the Java VNC viewer applet in a + Q-64: How do I make x11vnc work with the Java VNC viewer applet in a web browser? To have x11vnc serve up a Java VNC viewer applet to any web browsers - that connect to it, run x11vnc with this [444]option: + that connect to it, run x11vnc with this [446]option: -httpdir /path/to/the/java/classes/dir (this directory will contain the files index.vnc and, for example, @@ -5355,7 +5387,7 @@ t:5 then you can connect to that URL with any Java enabled browser. Feel free to customize the default index.vnc file in the classes directory. - As of May/2005 the [445]-http option will try to guess where the Java + As of May/2005 the [447]-http option will try to guess where the Java classes jar file is by looking in expected locations and ones relative to the x11vnc binary. @@ -5364,7 +5396,7 @@ t:5 either the java or appletviewer commands to run the program. java -cp ./VncViewer.jar VncViewer HOST far-away.east PORT 5900 - Proxies: See the [446]discussion here if the web browser must use a + Proxies: See the [448]discussion here if the web browser must use a web proxy to connect to the internet. It is tricky to get Java applets to work in this case: a signed applet must be used so it can connect to the proxy and ask for the redirection to the VNC server. One way to @@ -5374,13 +5406,13 @@ t:5 in the URL or the file. - Q-64: Are reverse connections (i.e. the VNC server connecting to the + Q-65: Are reverse connections (i.e. the VNC server connecting to the VNC viewer) using "vncviewer -listen" and vncconnect(1) supported? As of Mar/2004 x11vnc supports reverse connections. On Unix one starts the VNC viewer in listen mode: "vncviewer -listen" (see your documentation for Windows, etc), and then starts up x11vnc with the - [447]-connect option. To connect immediately at x11vnc startup time + [449]-connect option. To connect immediately at x11vnc startup time use the "-connect host:port" option (use commas for a list of hosts to connect to.) The ":port" is optional (default is VNC listening port is 5500.) @@ -5389,11 +5421,11 @@ t:5 file is checked periodically (about once a second) for new hosts to connect to. - The [448]-remote control option (aka -R) can also be used to do this + The [450]-remote control option (aka -R) can also be used to do this during an active x11vnc session, e.g.: x11vnc -display :0 -R connect:hostname.domain - Use the "[449]-connect_or_exit" option to have x11vnc exit if the + Use the "[451]-connect_or_exit" option to have x11vnc exit if the reverse connection fails. Also, note the "-rfbport 0" option disables TCP listening for connections (potentially useful for reverse connection mode, assuming you do not want any "forward" connections.) @@ -5406,7 +5438,7 @@ x11vnc -display :0 -R connect:hostname.domain X11VNC_REVERSE_CONNECTION_NO_AUTH=1" to x11vnc. Vncconnect command: To use the vncconnect(1) program (from the core - VNC package at www.realvnc.com) specify the [450]-vncconnect option to + VNC package at www.realvnc.com) specify the [452]-vncconnect option to x11vnc (Note: as of Dec/2004 -vncconnect is now the default.) vncconnect(1) must be pointed to the same X11 DISPLAY as x11vnc (since it uses X properties to communicate with x11vnc.) If you do not have @@ -5421,11 +5453,11 @@ x11vnc -display :0 -R connect:hostname.domain xprop -root -f VNC_CONNECT 8s -set VNC_CONNECT "$1" - Q-65: Can reverse connections be made to go through a Web or SOCKS + Q-66: Can reverse connections be made to go through a Web or SOCKS proxy or SSH? Yes, as of Oct/2007 x11vnc supports reverse connections through - proxies: use the "[451]-proxy host:port" option. The default is to + proxies: use the "[453]-proxy host:port" option. The default is to assume the proxy is a Web proxy. Note that most Web proxies only allow proxy destination connections to ports 443 (HTTPS) and 563 (SNEWS) and so this might not be too useful unless the proxy has been modified @@ -5445,11 +5477,11 @@ xprop -root -f VNC_CONNECT 8s -set VNC_CONNECT "$1" connections. An experimental mode is "-proxy http://host:port/..." where the URL - (e.g. a CGI script) is retrieved via the GET method. See [452]-proxy + (e.g. a CGI script) is retrieved via the GET method. See [454]-proxy for more info. Another experimental mode is "-proxy ssh://user@host" in which case a - SSH tunnel is used for the proxying. See [453]-proxy for more info. + SSH tunnel is used for the proxying. See [455]-proxy for more info. Up to 3 proxies may be chained together by listing them by commas e.g.: "-proxy http://host1:port1,socks5://host2:port2" in case one @@ -5457,7 +5489,7 @@ xprop -root -f VNC_CONNECT 8s -set VNC_CONNECT "$1" listening viewer. - Q-66: Can I use x11vnc as a replacement for Xvnc? (i.e. not for a real + Q-67: Can I use x11vnc as a replacement for Xvnc? (i.e. not for a real display, but for a virtual one I keep around.) You can, but you would not be doing this for performance reasons (for @@ -5472,10 +5504,10 @@ xprop -root -f VNC_CONNECT 8s -set VNC_CONNECT "$1" Driver in XFree86/Xorg (see below.) In either case, one can view this desktop both remotely and also - [454]locally using vncviewer. Make sure vncviewer's "-encodings raw" + [456]locally using vncviewer. Make sure vncviewer's "-encodings raw" is in effect for local viewing (compression seems to slow things down locally.) For local viewing you set up a "bare" window manager that - just starts up vncviewer and nothing else ([455]See how below.) + just starts up vncviewer and nothing else ([457]See how below.) Here is one way to start up Xvfb: xinit -- /usr/X11R6/bin/Xvfb :1 -cc 4 -screen 0 1024x768x16 @@ -5495,19 +5527,19 @@ xprop -root -f VNC_CONNECT 8s -set VNC_CONNECT "$1" "screen scrape" it very efficiently (more than, say, 100X faster than normal video hardware.) - Update Nov/2006: See the [456]FINDCREATEDISPLAY discussion of the - "[457]-display WAIT:cmd=FINDDISPLAY" option where virtual (Xvfb or + Update Nov/2006: See the [458]FINDCREATEDISPLAY discussion of the + "[459]-display WAIT:cmd=FINDDISPLAY" option where virtual (Xvfb or Xdummy, or even real ones by changing an option) X servers are started automatically for new users connecting. This provides a "desktop service" for the machine. You either get your real X session or your virtual (Xvfb/Xdummy) one whenever you connect to the machine - (inetd(8) is a nice way to provide this service.) The [458]-find, - [459]-create, [460]-svc, and [461]-xdmsvc aliases can also come in + (inetd(8) is a nice way to provide this service.) The [460]-find, + [461]-create, [462]-svc, and [463]-xdmsvc aliases can also come in handy here. There are some annoyances WRT Xvfb however. The default keyboard mapping seems to be very poor. One should run x11vnc with - [462]-add_keysyms option to have keysyms added automatically. Also, to + [464]-add_keysyms option to have keysyms added automatically. Also, to add the Shift_R and Control_R modifiers something like this is needed: #!/bin/sh xmodmap -e "keycode any = Shift_R" @@ -5519,7 +5551,7 @@ xmodmap -e "keycode any = Alt_R" xmodmap -e "keycode any = Meta_L" xmodmap -e "add Mod1 = Alt_L Alt_R Meta_L" - (note: these are applied automatically in the [463]FINDCREATEDISPLAY + (note: these are applied automatically in the [465]FINDCREATEDISPLAY mode of x11vnc.) Perhaps the Xvfb options -xkbdb or -xkbmap could be used to get a better default keyboard mapping... @@ -5534,11 +5566,11 @@ xmodmap -e "add Mod1 = Alt_L Alt_R Meta_L" The main drawback to this method (besides requiring extra configuration and possibly root permission) is that it also does the - Linux Virtual Console/Terminal (VC/VT) [464]switching even though it + Linux Virtual Console/Terminal (VC/VT) [466]switching even though it does not need to (since it doesn't use a real framebuffer.) There are some "dual headed" (actually multi-headed/multi-user) patches to the X server that turn off the VT usage in the X server. Update: As of - Jul/2005 we have an LD_PRELOAD script [465]Xdummy that allows you to + Jul/2005 we have an LD_PRELOAD script [467]Xdummy that allows you to use a stock (i.e. unpatched) Xorg or XFree86 server with the "dummy" driver and not have any VT switching problems! Currently Xdummy needs to be run as root, but with some luck that may be relaxed in the @@ -5566,7 +5598,7 @@ x11vnc -display :5 -rfbport 5905 -bg vncviewer -geometry +0+0 -encodings raw -passwd $HOME/.vnc/passwd localhost:5 The display numbers (VNC and X) will likely be different (you could - also try [466]-find), and you may not need the -passwd. Recent RealVNC + also try [468]-find), and you may not need the -passwd. Recent RealVNC viewers might be this: #!/bin/sh x11vnc -display :5 -rfbport 5905 -bg @@ -5582,10 +5614,10 @@ t:5 For the general replacement of Xvnc by Xvfb+x11vnc, one user describes - a similar setup he created [467]here. + a similar setup he created [469]here. - Q-67: How can I use x11vnc on "headless" machines? Why might I want + Q-68: How can I use x11vnc on "headless" machines? Why might I want to? An interesting application of x11vnc is to let it export displays of @@ -5597,7 +5629,7 @@ t:5 An X server can be started on the headless machine (sometimes this requires configuring the X server to not fail if it cannot detect a keyboard or mouse, see the next paragraph.) Then you can export that X - display via x11vnc (e.g. see [468]this FAQ) and access it from + display via x11vnc (e.g. see [470]this FAQ) and access it from anywhere on the network via a VNC viewer. Some tips on getting X servers to start on machines without keyboard @@ -5621,15 +5653,15 @@ t:5 cards as it can hold to provide multiple simultaneous access or testing on different kinds of video hardware. - See also the [469]FINDCREATEDISPLAY discussion of the "[470]-display + See also the [471]FINDCREATEDISPLAY discussion of the "[472]-display WAIT:cmd=FINDDISPLAY" option where virtual Xvfb or Xdummy, or real X servers are started automatically for new users connecting. The - [471]-find, [472]-create, [473]-svc, and [474]-xdmsvc aliases can also + [473]-find, [474]-create, [475]-svc, and [476]-xdmsvc aliases can also come in handy here. [Resource Usage and Performance] - Q-68: I have lots of memory, but why does x11vnc fail with shmget: + Q-69: I have lots of memory, but why does x11vnc fail with shmget: No space left on device or Minor opcode of failed request: 1 (X_ShmAttach)? @@ -5647,7 +5679,7 @@ t:5 19/03/2004 10:10:58 error creating tile-row shm for len=4 19/03/2004 10:10:58 reverting to single_copytile mode - Here is a shell script [475]shm_clear to list and prompt for removal + Here is a shell script [477]shm_clear to list and prompt for removal of your unattached shm segments (attached ones are skipped.) I use it while debugging x11vnc (I use "shm_clear -y" to assume "yes" for each prompt.) If x11vnc is regularly not cleaning up its shm segments, @@ -5681,49 +5713,49 @@ ied) in /etc/system. See the next paragraph for more workarounds. To minimize the number of shm segments used by x11vnc try using the - [476]-onetile option (corresponds to only 3 shm segments used, and + [478]-onetile option (corresponds to only 3 shm segments used, and adding -fs 1.0 knocks it down to 2.) If you are having much trouble with shm segments, consider disabling shm completely via the - [477]-noshm option. Performance will be somewhat degraded but when + [479]-noshm option. Performance will be somewhat degraded but when done over local machine sockets it should be acceptable (see an - [478]earlier question discussing -noshm.) + [480]earlier question discussing -noshm.) - Q-69: How can I make x11vnc use less system resources? + Q-70: How can I make x11vnc use less system resources? - The [479]-nap (now on by default; use -nonap to disable) and - "[480]-wait n" (where n is the sleep between polls in milliseconds, + The [481]-nap (now on by default; use -nonap to disable) and + "[482]-wait n" (where n is the sleep between polls in milliseconds, the default is 30 or so) option are good places to start. In addition, - something like "[481]-sb 15" will cause x11vnc to go into a deep-sleep + something like "[483]-sb 15" will cause x11vnc to go into a deep-sleep mode after 15 seconds of no activity (instead of the default 60.) Reducing the X server bits per pixel depth (e.g. to 16bpp or even 8bpp) will further decrease memory I/O and network I/O. The ShadowFB X server setting will make x11vnc's screen polling less severe. Using - the [482]-onetile option will use less memory and use fewer shared - memory slots (add [483]-fs 1.0 for one less slot.) + the [484]-onetile option will use less memory and use fewer shared + memory slots (add [485]-fs 1.0 for one less slot.) - Q-70: How can I make x11vnc use MORE system resources? + Q-71: How can I make x11vnc use MORE system resources? - You can try [484]-threads (note this mode can be unstable and/or + You can try [486]-threads (note this mode can be unstable and/or crash; and as of May/2008 is strongly discouraged, see the option description) or dial down the wait time (e.g. -wait 1) and possibly - dial down [485]-defer as well. Note that if you try to increase the + dial down [487]-defer as well. Note that if you try to increase the "frame rate" too much you can bog down the server end with the extra work it needs to do compressing the framebuffer data, etc. That said, it is possible to "stream" video via x11vnc if the video window is small enough. E.g. a 256x192 xawtv TV capture window (using - the x11vnc [486]-id option) can be streamed over a LAN or wireless at + the x11vnc [488]-id option) can be streamed over a LAN or wireless at a reasonable frame rate. If the graphics card's framebuffer read rate - is [487]faster than normal then the video window size and frame rate - can be much higher. The use of [488]TurboVNC and/or TurboJPEG can make + is [489]faster than normal then the video window size and frame rate + can be much higher. The use of [490]TurboVNC and/or TurboJPEG can make the frame rate somewhat higher still (but most of this hinges on the graphics card's read rate.) - Q-71: I use x11vnc over a slow link with high latency (e.g. dialup + Q-72: I use x11vnc over a slow link with high latency (e.g. dialup modem or broadband), is there anything I can do to speed things up? Some things you might want to experiment with (many of which will help @@ -5735,7 +5767,7 @@ ied) * Use a smaller desktop size (e.g. 1024x768 instead of 1280x1024) * Make sure the desktop background is a solid color (the background is resent every time it is re-exposed.) Consider using the - [489]-solid [color] option to try to do this automatically. + [491]-solid [color] option to try to do this automatically. * Configure your window manager or desktop "theme" to not use fancy images, shading, and gradients for the window decorations, etc. Disable window animations, etc. Maybe your desktop has a "low @@ -5744,9 +5776,9 @@ ied) -> Use Smooth Scrolling (deselect it.) * Avoid small scrolls of large windows using the Arrow keys or scrollbar. Try to use PageUp/PageDown instead. (not so much of a - problem in x11vnc 0.7.2 if [490]-scrollcopyrect is active and + problem in x11vnc 0.7.2 if [492]-scrollcopyrect is active and detecting scrolls for the application.) - * If the [491]-wireframe option is not available (earlier than + * If the [493]-wireframe option is not available (earlier than x11vnc 0.7.2 or you have disabled it via -nowireframe) then Disable Opaque Moves and Resizes in the window manager/desktop. * However if -wireframe is active (on by default in x11vnc 0.7.2) @@ -5769,7 +5801,7 @@ ied) noticed. VNC viewer parameters: - * Use a [492]TightVNC enabled viewer! (Actually, RealVNC 4.x viewer + * Use a [494]TightVNC enabled viewer! (Actually, RealVNC 4.x viewer with ZRLE encoding is not too bad either; some claim it is faster.) * Make sure the tight (or zrle) encoding is being used (look at @@ -5777,7 +5809,7 @@ ied) * Request 8 bits per pixel using -bgr233 (up to 4X speedup over depth 24 TrueColor (32bpp), but colors will be off) * RealVNC 4.x viewer has some extremely low color modes (only 64 and - even 8 colors.) [493]SSVNC does too. The colors are poor, but it + even 8 colors.) [495]SSVNC does too. The colors are poor, but it is usually noticeably faster than bgr233 (256 colors.) * Try increasing the TightVNC -compresslevel (compresses more on server side before sending, but uses more CPU) @@ -5791,37 +5823,37 @@ ied) file. x11vnc parameters: - * Make sure the [494]-wireframe option is active (it should be on by + * Make sure the [496]-wireframe option is active (it should be on by default) and you have Opaque Moves/Resizes Enabled in the window manager. - * Make sure the [495]-scrollcopyrect option is active (it should be + * Make sure the [497]-scrollcopyrect option is active (it should be on by default.) This detects scrolls in many (but not all) applications an applies the CopyRect encoding for a big speedup. * Enforce a solid background when VNC viewers are connected via - [496]-solid - * Specify [497]-speeds modem to force the wireframe and + [498]-solid + * Specify [499]-speeds modem to force the wireframe and scrollcopyrect heuristic parameters (and any future ones) to those of a dialup modem connection (or supply the rd,bw,lat numerical values that characterize your link.) * If wireframe and scrollcopyrect aren't working, try using the more - drastic [498]-nodragging (no screen updates when dragging mouse, + drastic [500]-nodragging (no screen updates when dragging mouse, but sometimes you miss visual feedback) - * Set [499]-fs 1.0 (disables fullscreen updates) - * Try increasing [500]-wait or [501]-defer (reduces the maximum + * Set [501]-fs 1.0 (disables fullscreen updates) + * Try increasing [502]-wait or [503]-defer (reduces the maximum "frame rate", but won't help much for large screen changes) - * Try the [502]-progressive pixelheight mode with the block + * Try the [504]-progressive pixelheight mode with the block pixelheight 100 or so (delays sending vertical blocks since they may change while viewer is receiving earlier ones) - * If you just want to watch one (simple) window use [503]-id (cuts + * If you just want to watch one (simple) window use [505]-id (cuts down extraneous polling and updates, but can be buggy or insufficient) - * Set [504]-nosel (disables all clipboard selection exchange) - * Use [505]-nocursor and [506]-nocursorpos (repainting the remote + * Set [506]-nosel (disables all clipboard selection exchange) + * Use [507]-nocursor and [508]-nocursorpos (repainting the remote cursor position and shape takes resources and round trips) * On very slow links (e.g. <= 28.8) you may need to increase the - [507]-readtimeout n setting if it sometimes takes more than 20sec + [509]-readtimeout n setting if it sometimes takes more than 20sec to paint the full screen, etc. - * Do not use [508]-fixscreen to automatically refresh the whole + * Do not use [510]-fixscreen to automatically refresh the whole screen, tap three Alt_L's then the screen has painting errors (rare problem.) @@ -5872,7 +5904,7 @@ ied) * TBD. - Q-72: Does x11vnc support the X DAMAGE Xserver extension to find + Q-73: Does x11vnc support the X DAMAGE Xserver extension to find modified regions of the screen quickly and efficiently? Yes, as of Mar/2005 x11vnc will use the X DAMAGE extension by default @@ -5890,7 +5922,7 @@ ied) Note that the DAMAGE extension does not speed up the actual reading of pixels from the video card framebuffer memory, by, say, mirroring them - in main memory. So reading the fb is still painfully [509]slow (e.g. + in main memory. So reading the fb is still painfully [511]slow (e.g. 5MB/sec), and so even using X DAMAGE when large changes occur on the screen the bulk of the time is still spent retrieving them. Not ideal, but use of the ShadowFB XFree86/Xorg option speeds up the reading @@ -5908,45 +5940,45 @@ ied) DAMAGE rectangles to contain real damage. The larger rectangles are only used as hints to focus the traditional scanline polling (i.e. if a scanline doesn't intersect a recent DAMAGE rectangle, the scan is - skipped.) You can use the "[510]-xd_area A" option to adjust the size + skipped.) You can use the "[512]-xd_area A" option to adjust the size of the trusted DAMAGE rectangles. The default is 20000 pixels (e.g. a 140x140 square, etc.) Use "-xd_area 0" to disable the cutoff and trust all DAMAGE rectangles. - The option "[511]-xd_mem f" may also be of use in tuning the - algorithm. To disable using DAMAGE entirely use "[512]-noxdamage". + The option "[513]-xd_mem f" may also be of use in tuning the + algorithm. To disable using DAMAGE entirely use "[514]-noxdamage". - Q-73: My OpenGL application shows no screen updates unless I supply + Q-74: My OpenGL application shows no screen updates unless I supply the -noxdamage option to x11vnc. One user reports in his environment (MythTV using the NVIDIA OpenGL drivers) he gets no updates after the initial screen is drawn unless - he uses the "[513]-noxdamage" option. + he uses the "[515]-noxdamage" option. This seems to be a bug in the X DAMAGE implementation of that driver. You may have to use -noxdamage as well. A way to autodetect this will be tried, probably the best it will do is automatically stop using X DAMAGE. - A developer for [514]MiniMyth reports that the 'alphapulse' tag of the + A developer for [516]MiniMyth reports that the 'alphapulse' tag of the theme G.A.N.T. can also cause problems, and should be avoided when using VNC. - Update: see [515]this FAQ too. + Update: see [517]this FAQ too. - Q-74: When I drag windows around with the mouse or scroll up and down + Q-75: When I drag windows around with the mouse or scroll up and down things really bog down (unless I do the drag in a single, quick motion.) Is there anything to do to improve things? - This problem is primarily due to [516]slow hardware read rates from + This problem is primarily due to [518]slow hardware read rates from video cards: as you scroll or move a large window around the screen changes are much too rapid for x11vnc to keep up them (it can usually only read the video card at about 5-10 MB/sec, so it can take a good fraction of a second to read the changes induce from moving a large window, if this to be done a number of times in succession the window or scroll appears to "lurch" forward.) See the description in the - [517]-pointer_mode option for more info. The next bottleneck is + [519]-pointer_mode option for more info. The next bottleneck is compressing all of these changes and sending them out to connected viewers, however the VNC protocol is pretty much self-adapting with respect to that (updates are only packaged and sent when viewers ask @@ -5956,27 +5988,27 @@ ied) default should now be much better than before and dragging small windows around should no longer be a huge pain. If for some reason these changes make matters worse, you can go back to the old way via - the "[518]-pointer_mode 1" option. + the "[520]-pointer_mode 1" option. - Also added was the [519]-nodragging option that disables all screen + Also added was the [521]-nodragging option that disables all screen updates while dragging with the mouse (i.e. mouse motion with a button held down.) This gives the snappiest response, but might be undesired in some circumstances when you want to see the visual feedback while dragging (e.g. menu traversal or text selection.) - As of Dec/2004 the [520]-pointer_mode n option was introduced. n=1 is + As of Dec/2004 the [522]-pointer_mode n option was introduced. n=1 is the original mode, n=2 an improvement, etc.. See the -pointer_mode n help for more info. - Also, in some circumstances the [521]-threads option can improve + Also, in some circumstances the [523]-threads option can improve response considerably. Be forewarned that if more than one vncviewer is connected at the same time then libvncserver may not be thread safe (try to get the viewers to use different VNC encodings, e.g. tight and ZRLE.) This option can be unstable and so as of Feb/2008 it is disabled by default. Set env. X11VNC_THREADED=1 to re-enable. - As of Apr/2005 two new options (see the [522]wireframe FAQ and - [523]scrollcopyrect FAQ below) provide schemes to sweep this problem + As of Apr/2005 two new options (see the [524]wireframe FAQ and + [525]scrollcopyrect FAQ below) provide schemes to sweep this problem under the rug for window moves or resizes and for some (but not all) window scrolls. These are the preferred way of avoiding the "lurching" problem, contact me if they are not working. Note on SuSE and some @@ -5989,7 +6021,7 @@ Section "Module" EndSection - Q-75: Why not do something like wireframe animations to avoid the + Q-76: Why not do something like wireframe animations to avoid the windows "lurching" when being moved or resized? Nice idea for a hack! As of Apr/2005 x11vnc by default will apply @@ -6000,8 +6032,8 @@ EndSection the window move/resize stops, it returns to normal processing: you should only see the window appear in the new position. This spares you from interacting with a "lurching" window between all of the - intermediate steps. BTW the lurching is due to [524]slow video card - read rates (see [525]here too.) A displacement, even a small one, of a + intermediate steps. BTW the lurching is due to [526]slow video card + read rates (see [527]here too.) A displacement, even a small one, of a large window requires a non-negligible amount of time, a good fraction of a second, to read in from the hardware framebuffer. @@ -6009,7 +6041,7 @@ EndSection for -wireframe to do any good. The mode is currently on by default because most people are afflicted - with the problem. It can be disabled with the [526]-nowireframe option + with the problem. It can be disabled with the [528]-nowireframe option (aka -nowf.) Why might one want to turn off the wireframing? Since x11vnc is merely guessing when windows are being moved/resized, it may guess poorly for your window-manager or desktop, or even for the way @@ -6055,13 +6087,13 @@ EndSection * Maximum time to show a wireframe animation. * Minimum time between sending wireframe outlines. - See the [527]"-wireframe tweaks" option for more details. On a slow + See the [529]"-wireframe tweaks" option for more details. On a slow link, e.g. dialup modem, the parameters may be automatically adjusted for better response. CopyRect encoding: In addition to the above there is the - [528]"-wirecopyrect mode" option. It is also on by default. This + [530]"-wirecopyrect mode" option. It is also on by default. This instructs x11vnc to not only show the wireframe animation, but to also instruct all connected VNC viewers to locally translate the window image data from the original position to the new position on the @@ -6092,7 +6124,7 @@ EndSection -nowirecopyrect if this or other painting errors are unacceptable. - Q-76: Can x11vnc try to apply heuristics to detect when a window is + Q-77: Can x11vnc try to apply heuristics to detect when a window is scrolling its contents and use the CopyRect encoding for a speedup? Another nice idea for a hack! As of May/2005 x11vnc will by default @@ -6109,7 +6141,7 @@ EndSection requiring the image data to be transmitted over the network. For fast links the speedup is primarily due to x11vnc not having to read the scrolled framebuffer data from the X server (recall that reading from - the hardware framebuffer is [529]slow.) + the hardware framebuffer is [531]slow.) To do this x11vnc uses the RECORD X extension to snoop the X11 protocol between the X client with the focus window and the X server. @@ -6136,10 +6168,10 @@ EndSection the X server display: if one falls too far behind it could become a mess... - The initial implementation of [530]-scrollcopyrect option is useful in + The initial implementation of [532]-scrollcopyrect option is useful in that it detects many scrolls and thus gives a much nicer working - environment (especially when combined with the [531]-wireframe - [532]-wirecopyrect [533]options, which are also on by default; and if + environment (especially when combined with the [533]-wireframe + [534]-wirecopyrect [535]options, which are also on by default; and if you are willing to enable the ShadowFB things are very fast.) The fact that there aren't long delays or lurches during scrolling is the primary improvement. @@ -6172,10 +6204,10 @@ EndSection One can tap the Alt_L key (Left "Alt" key) 3 times in a row to signal x11vnc to refresh the screen to all viewers. Your VNC-viewer may have its own screen refresh hot-key or button. See - also: [534]-fixscreen + also: [536]-fixscreen * Some applications, notably OpenOffice, do XCopyArea scrolls in weird ways that assume ancestor window clipping is taking place. - See the [535]-scr_skip option for ways to tweak this on a + See the [537]-scr_skip option for ways to tweak this on a per-application basis. * Selecting text while dragging the mouse may be slower, especially if the Button-down event happens near the window's edge. This is @@ -6192,7 +6224,7 @@ EndSection because it fails to detect scrolls in it. Sometimes clicking inside the application window or selecting some text in it to force the focus helps. - * When using the [536]-scale option there will be a quick CopyRect + * When using the [538]-scale option there will be a quick CopyRect scroll, but it needs to be followed by a slower "cleanup" update. This is because for a fixed finite screen resolution (e.g. 75 dpi) scaling and copyrect-ing are not exactly independent. Scaling @@ -6205,7 +6237,7 @@ EndSection If you find the -scrollcopyrect behavior too approximate or distracting you can go back to the standard polling-only update method - with the [537]-noscrollcopyrect (or -noscr for short.) If you find + with the [539]-noscrollcopyrect (or -noscr for short.) If you find some extremely bad and repeatable behavior for -scrollcopyrect please report a bug. @@ -6226,13 +6258,13 @@ EndSection errors. - Q-77: Can x11vnc do client-side caching of pixel data? I.e. so when + Q-78: Can x11vnc do client-side caching of pixel data? I.e. so when that pixel data is needed again it does not have to be retransmitted over the network. - As of Dec/2006 in the [538]0.9 development tarball there is an + As of Dec/2006 in the [540]0.9 development tarball there is an experimental client-side caching implementation enabled by the - "[539]-ncache n" option. In fact, during the test period it was on by + "[541]-ncache n" option. In fact, during the test period it was on by default with n set to 10. To disable it use "-noncache". It is a simple scheme where a (very large) lower portion of the @@ -6259,7 +6291,7 @@ EndSection there is a bug: you can scroll down in your viewer and see a strange "history" of windows on your desktop. This is working as intended. One will need to try to adjust the size of his VNC Viewer window so the - cache area cannot be seen. [540]SSVNC (see below) can do this + cache area cannot be seen. [542]SSVNC (see below) can do this automatically. At some point LibVNCServer may implement a "rfbFBCrop" pseudoencoding @@ -6269,7 +6301,7 @@ EndSection rendering...) The Enhanced TightVNC Viewer (SSVNC) Unix viewer has a nice - [541]-ycrop option to help hide the pixel cache area from view. It + [543]-ycrop option to help hide the pixel cache area from view. It will turn on automatically if the framebuffer appears to be very tall (height more than twice the width), or you can supply the actual value for the height. If the screen is resized by scaling, etc, the ycrop @@ -6300,7 +6332,7 @@ EndSection an additional factor of 2 in memory use. However, even in the smallest usage mode with n equal 2 and - [542]-ncache_no_rootpixmap set (this requires only 2X additional + [544]-ncache_no_rootpixmap set (this requires only 2X additional framebuffer memory) there is still a noticable improvement for many activities, although it is not as dramatic as with, say n equal 12 and rootpixmap (desktop background) caching enabled. @@ -6311,7 +6343,7 @@ EndSection be tuned to use less, or the VNC community will extend the protocol to allow caching and replaying of compressed blobs of data. - Another option to experiment with is "[543]-ncache_cr". By specifying + Another option to experiment with is "[545]-ncache_cr". By specifying it, x11vnc will try to do smooth opaque window moves instead of its wireframe. This can give a very nice effect (note: on Unix the realvnc viewer seems to be smoother than the tightvnc viewer), but can lead to @@ -6364,28 +6396,28 @@ EndSection improving VNC performance by client side caching. - Q-78: Does x11vnc support TurboVNC? + Q-79: Does x11vnc support TurboVNC? As of Feb/2009 (development tarball) there is an experimental kludge to let you build x11vnc using TurboVNC's modified TightVNC encoding. - [544]TurboVNC is part of the [545]VirtualGL project. It does two main + [546]TurboVNC is part of the [547]VirtualGL project. It does two main things to speed up the TightVNC encoding: * It eliminates bottlenecks, overheads, wait-times in the TightVNC encoding implementation and instead only worries about sending very well (and quickly) compressed JPEG data. * A fast proprietary JPEG implemention is used (Intel IPP on x86) - instead of the usual libjpeg implementation. [546]TurboJPEG is an + instead of the usual libjpeg implementation. [548]TurboJPEG is an interface library, libturbojpeg, provided by the project that achieves this. TurboVNC works very well over LAN and evidently fast Broadband too. When using it with x11vnc in such a situation you may want to dial - down the delays, e.g. "[547]-wait 5" and "[548]-defer 5" (or even a + down the delays, e.g. "[549]-wait 5" and "[550]-defer 5" (or even a smaller setting) to poll and pump things out more quickly. See the instructions in "x11vnc/misc/turbovnc/README" for how to build x11vnc with TurboVNC support. You will also need to download the - [549]TurboJPEG software. + [551]TurboJPEG software. In brief, the steps look like this: cd x11vnc-x.y.z/x11vnc/misc/turbovnc @@ -6397,22 +6429,22 @@ EndSection where you replace "/DIR" with the directory containing libturbojpeg.so you downloaded separately. If it works out well enough TurboVNC support will be integrated into x11vnc and more of its tuning features - will be implemented. Support for TurboVNC in [550]SSVNC viewer has + will be implemented. Support for TurboVNC in [552]SSVNC viewer has been added as an experiment as well. If you try either one, let us know how it went. There also may be some Linux.i686 and Darwin.i386 x11vnc binaries with - TurboVNC support in the [551]misc. bins directory. For other platforms + TurboVNC support in the [553]misc. bins directory. For other platforms you will need to compile yourself. On relatively cheap and old hardware (Althon64 X2 5000+ / GeForce - 6200) x11vnc and [552]SSVNC, both TurboVNC enabled, were able to + 6200) x11vnc and [554]SSVNC, both TurboVNC enabled, were able to sustain 13.5 frames/sec (fps) and 15 Megapixels/sec using the VirtualGL supplied OpenGL benchmark program glxspheres. VirtualGL on - higher-end hardware can sustain [553]20-30 fps with the glxspheres + higher-end hardware can sustain [555]20-30 fps with the glxspheres benchmark. - Potential Slowdown: As we describe [554]elsewhere, unless you use + Potential Slowdown: As we describe [556]elsewhere, unless you use x11vnc with an X server using, say, NVidia proprietary drivers (or a virtual X server like Xvfb or Xdummy, or in ShadowFB mode), then the read rate from the graphics card can be rather slow (e.g. 10 MB/sec) @@ -6437,7 +6469,7 @@ EndSection [Mouse Cursor Shapes] - Q-79: Why isn't the mouse cursor shape (the little icon shape where + Q-80: Why isn't the mouse cursor shape (the little icon shape where the mouse pointer is) correct as I move from window to window? On X servers supporting XFIXES or Solaris/IRIX Overlay extensions it @@ -6452,23 +6484,23 @@ EndSection this is because the cursor shape is often downloaded to the graphics hardware (video card), but I could be mistaken. - A simple kludge is provided by the "[555]-cursor X" option that + A simple kludge is provided by the "[557]-cursor X" option that changes the cursor when the mouse is on the root background (or any window has the same cursor as the root background.) Note that desktops like GNOME or KDE often cover up the root background, so this won't - work for those cases. Also see the "[556]-cursor some" option for + work for those cases. Also see the "[558]-cursor some" option for additional kludges. Note that as of Aug/2004 on Solaris using the SUN_OVL overlay extension and IRIX, x11vnc can show the correct mouse cursor when the - [557]-overlay option is supplied. See [558]this FAQ for more info. + [559]-overlay option is supplied. See [560]this FAQ for more info. Also as of Dec/2004 XFIXES X extension support has been added to allow exact extraction of the mouse cursor shape. XFIXES fixes the problem of the cursor-shape being write-only: x11vnc can now query the X server for the current shape and send it back to the connected viewers. XFIXES is available on recent Linux Xorg based distros and - [559]Solaris 10. + [561]Solaris 10. The only XFIXES issue is the handling of alpha channel transparency in cursors. If a cursor has any translucency then in general it must be @@ -6476,10 +6508,10 @@ EndSection situations where the cursor transparency can also handled exactly: when the VNC Viewer requires the cursor shape be drawn into the VNC framebuffer or if you apply a patch to your VNC Viewer to extract - hidden alpha channel data under 32bpp. [560]Details can be found here. + hidden alpha channel data under 32bpp. [562]Details can be found here. - Q-80: When using XFIXES cursorshape mode, some of the cursors look + Q-81: When using XFIXES cursorshape mode, some of the cursors look really bad with extra black borders around the cursor and other cruft. How can I improve their appearance? @@ -6509,17 +6541,17 @@ EndSection for most cursor themes and you don't have to worry about it. In case it still looks bad for your cursor theme, there are (of - course!) some tunable parameters. The "[561]-alphacut n" option lets + course!) some tunable parameters. The "[563]-alphacut n" option lets you set the threshold "n" (between 0 and 255): cursor pixels with alpha values below n will be considered completely transparent while values equal to or above n will be completely opaque. The default is - 240. The "[562]-alphafrac f" option tries to correct individual + 240. The "[564]-alphafrac f" option tries to correct individual cursors that did not fare well with the default -alphacut value: if a cursor has less than fraction f (between 0.0 and 1.0) of its pixels selected by the default -alphacut, the threshold is lowered until f of its pixels are selected. The default fraction is 0.33. - Finally, there is an option [563]-alpharemove that is useful for + Finally, there is an option [565]-alpharemove that is useful for themes where many cursors are light colored (e.g. "whiteglass".) XFIXES returns the cursor data with the RGB values pre-multiplied by the alpha value. If the white cursors look too grey, specify @@ -6537,7 +6569,7 @@ EndSection heavily on redglass) look fine with the apparent default of alphacut:255. - Q-81: In XFIXES mode, are there any hacks to handle cursor + Q-82: In XFIXES mode, are there any hacks to handle cursor transparency ("alpha channel") exactly? As of Jan/2005 libvncserver has been modified to allow an alpha @@ -6545,10 +6577,10 @@ EndSection alpha channel data to libvncserver. However, this data will only be used for VNC clients that do not support the CursorShapeUpdates VNC extension (or have disabled it.) It can be disabled for all clients - with the [564]-nocursorshape x11vnc option. In this case the cursor is + with the [566]-nocursorshape x11vnc option. In this case the cursor is drawn, correctly blended with the background, into the VNC framebuffer before being sent out to the client. So the alpha blending is done on - the x11vnc side. Use the [565]-noalphablend option to disable this + the x11vnc side. Use the [567]-noalphablend option to disable this behavior (always approximate transparent cursors with opaque RGB values.) @@ -6572,17 +6604,17 @@ EndSection example on how to change the Windows TightVNC viewer to achieve the same thing (send me the patch if you get that working.) - This patch is applied to the [566]Enhanced TightVNC Viewer (SSVNC) + This patch is applied to the [568]Enhanced TightVNC Viewer (SSVNC) package we provide. [Mouse Pointer] - Q-82: Why does the mouse arrow just stay in one corner in my + Q-83: Why does the mouse arrow just stay in one corner in my vncviewer, whereas my cursor (that does move) is just a dot? - This default takes advantage of a [567]tightvnc extension + This default takes advantage of a [569]tightvnc extension (CursorShapeUpdates) that allows specifying a cursor image shape for - the local VNC viewer. You may disable it with the [568]-nocursor + the local VNC viewer. You may disable it with the [570]-nocursor option to x11vnc if your viewer does not have this extension. Note: as of Aug/2004 this should be fixed: the default for @@ -6591,22 +6623,22 @@ EndSection can also be disabled via -nocursor. - Q-83: Can I take advantage of the TightVNC extension to the VNC + Q-84: Can I take advantage of the TightVNC extension to the VNC protocol where Cursor Positions Updates are sent back to all connected clients (i.e. passive viewers can see the mouse cursor being moved around by another viewer)? - Use the [569]-cursorpos option when starting x11vnc. A VNC viewer must + Use the [571]-cursorpos option when starting x11vnc. A VNC viewer must support the Cursor Positions Updates for the user to see the mouse motions (the TightVNC viewers support this.) As of Aug/2004 -cursorpos - is the default. See also [570]-nocursorpos and [571]-nocursorshape. + is the default. See also [572]-nocursorpos and [573]-nocursorshape. - Q-84: Is it possible to swap the mouse buttons (e.g. left-handed + Q-85: Is it possible to swap the mouse buttons (e.g. left-handed operation), or arbitrarily remap them? How about mapping button clicks to keystrokes, e.g. to partially emulate Mouse wheel scrolling? - You can remap the mouse buttons via something like: [572]-buttonmap + You can remap the mouse buttons via something like: [574]-buttonmap 13-31 (or perhaps 12-21.) Also, note that xmodmap(1) lets you directly adjust the X server's button mappings, but in some circumstances it might be more desirable to have x11vnc do it. @@ -6614,7 +6646,7 @@ EndSection One user had an X server with only one mouse button(!) and was able to map all of the VNC client mouse buttons to it via: -buttonmap 123-111. - Note that the [573]-debug_pointer option prints out much info for + Note that the [575]-debug_pointer option prints out much info for every mouse/pointer event and is handy in solving problems. To map mouse button clicks to keystrokes you can use the alternate @@ -6636,7 +6668,7 @@ EndSection Exactly what keystroke "scrolling" events they should be bound to depends on one's taste. If this method is too approximate, one could - consider not using [574]-buttonmap but rather configuring the X server + consider not using [576]-buttonmap but rather configuring the X server to think it has a mouse with 5 buttons even though the physical mouse does not. (e.g. 'Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"'.) @@ -6663,10 +6695,10 @@ EndSection "click" usually gives a multi-line scroll.) [Keyboard Issues] - Q-85: How can I get my AltGr and Shift modifiers to work between + Q-86: How can I get my AltGr and Shift modifiers to work between keyboards for different languages? - The option [575]-modtweak should help here. It is a mode that monitors + The option [577]-modtweak should help here. It is a mode that monitors the state of the Shift and AltGr Modifiers and tries to deduce the correct keycode to send, possibly by sending fake modifier key presses and releases in addition to the actual keystroke. @@ -6675,25 +6707,25 @@ EndSection to get the old behavior.) This was done because it was noticed on newer XFree86 setups even on bland "us" keyboards like "pc104 us" XFree86 included a "ghost" key with both "<" and ">" it. This key does - not exist on the keyboard (see [576]this FAQ for more info.) Without + not exist on the keyboard (see [578]this FAQ for more info.) Without -modtweak there was then an ambiguity in the reverse map keysym => keycode, making it so the "<" symbol could not be typed. - Also see the [577]FAQ about the -xkb option for a more powerful method + Also see the [579]FAQ about the -xkb option for a more powerful method of modifier tweaking for use on X servers with the XKEYBOARD extension. When trying to resolve keyboard mapping problems, note that the - [578]-debug_keyboard option prints out much info for every keystroke + [580]-debug_keyboard option prints out much info for every keystroke and so can be useful debugging things. Note that one user had a strange setup and none of the above helped. - His solution was to disable all of the above and use [579]-nomodtweak. + His solution was to disable all of the above and use [581]-nomodtweak. This is the simplest form of keystroke insertion and it actually solved the problem. Try it if the other options don't help. - Q-86: When I try to type a "<" (i.e. less than) instead I get ">" + Q-87: When I try to type a "<" (i.e. less than) instead I get ">" (i.e. greater than)! Strangely, typing ">" works OK!! Does your keyboard have a single key with both "<" and ">" on it? Even @@ -6701,9 +6733,9 @@ EndSection (e.g. pc105 in the XF86Config file when it should be something else, say pc104.) - Short Cut: Try the [580]-xkb or [581]-sloppy_keys options and see if + Short Cut: Try the [582]-xkb or [583]-sloppy_keys options and see if that helps the situation. The discussion below is a bit outdated (e.g. - [582]-modtweak is now the default) but it is useful reference for + [584]-modtweak is now the default) but it is useful reference for various tricks and so is kept. @@ -6746,25 +6778,25 @@ EndSection -remap less-comma These are convenient in that they do not modify the actual X server - settings. The former ([583]-modtweak) is a mode that monitors the + settings. The former ([585]-modtweak) is a mode that monitors the state of the Shift and AltGr modifiers and tries to deduce the correct keycode sequence to send. Since Jul/2004 -modtweak is now the default. - The latter ([584]-remap less-comma) is an immediate remapping of the + The latter ([586]-remap less-comma) is an immediate remapping of the keysym less to the keysym comma when it comes in from a client (so when Shift is down the comma press will yield "<".) - See also the [585]FAQ about the -xkb option as a possible workaround + See also the [587]FAQ about the -xkb option as a possible workaround using the XKEYBOARD extension. - Note that the [586]-debug_keyboard option prints out much info for + Note that the [588]-debug_keyboard option prints out much info for every keystroke to aid debugging keyboard problems. - Q-87: Extra Character Inserted, E.g.: When I try to type a "<" (i.e. + Q-88: Extra Character Inserted, E.g.: When I try to type a "<" (i.e. less than) instead I get "<," (i.e. an extra comma.) This is likely because you press "Shift" then "<" but then released - the Shift key before releasing the "<". Because of a [587]keymapping + the Shift key before releasing the "<". Because of a [589]keymapping ambiguity the last event "< up" is interpreted as "," because that key unshifted is the comma. @@ -6772,16 +6804,16 @@ EndSection characters: in general it can happen whenever the Shift key is released early. - This should not happen in [588]-xkb mode, because it works hard to + This should not happen in [590]-xkb mode, because it works hard to resolve the ambiguities. If you do not want to use -xkb, try the - option [589]-sloppy_keys to attempt a similar type of algorithm. + option [591]-sloppy_keys to attempt a similar type of algorithm. One user had this problem for Italian and German keyboards with the key containing ":" and "." When he typed ":" he would get an extra "." inserted after the ":". The solution was -sloppy_keys. - Q-88: I'm using an "international" keyboard (e.g. German "de", or + Q-89: I'm using an "international" keyboard (e.g. German "de", or Danish "dk") and the -modtweak mode works well if the VNC viewer is run on a Unix/Linux machine with a similar keyboard. But if I run the VNC viewer on Unix/Linux with a different keyboard (e.g. "us") or @@ -6802,7 +6834,7 @@ EndSection In both cases no AltGr is sent to the VNC server, but we know AltGr is needed on the physical international keyboard to type a "@". - This all worked fine with x11vnc running with the [590]-modtweak + This all worked fine with x11vnc running with the [592]-modtweak option (it figures out how to adjust the Modifier keys (Shift or AltGr) to get the "@".) However it fails under recent versions of XFree86 (and the X.org fork.) These run the XKEYBOARD extension by @@ -6819,7 +6851,7 @@ EndSection * there is a new option -xkb to use the XKEYBOARD extension API to do the Modifier key tweaking. - The [591]-xkb option seems to fix all of the missing keys: "@", "<", + The [593]-xkb option seems to fix all of the missing keys: "@", "<", ">", etc.: it is recommended that you try it if you have this sort of problem. Let us know if there are any remaining problems (see the next paragraph for some known problems.) If you specify the -debug_keyboard @@ -6827,7 +6859,7 @@ EndSection debugging output (send it along with any problems you report.) Update: as of Jun/2005 x11vnc will try to automatically enable - [592]-xkb if it appears that would be beneficial (e.g. if it sees any + [594]-xkb if it appears that would be beneficial (e.g. if it sees any of "@", "<", ">", "[" and similar keys are mapped in a way that needs the -xkb to access them.) To disable this automatic check use -noxkb. @@ -6842,7 +6874,7 @@ EndSection was attached to keycode 93 (no physical key generates this keycode) while ISO_Level3_Shift was attached to keycode 113. The keycode skipping option was used to disable the ghost key: - [593]-skip_keycodes 93 + [595]-skip_keycodes 93 * In implementing -xkb we noticed that some characters were still not getting through, e.g. "~" and "^". This is not really an XKEYBOARD problem. What was happening was the VNC viewer was @@ -6860,16 +6892,16 @@ EndSection What to do? In general the VNC protocol has not really solved this problem: what should be done if the VNC viewer sends a keysym not recognized by the VNC server side? Workarounds can possibly be - created using the [594]-remap x11vnc option: + created using the [596]-remap x11vnc option: -remap asciitilde-dead_tilde,asciicircum-dead_circumflex etc. Use -remap filename if the list is long. Please send us your workarounds for this problem on your keyboard. Perhaps we can have x11vnc adjust automatically at some point. Also see the - [595]-add_keysyms option in the next paragraph. - Update: for convenience "[596]-remap DEAD" does many of these + [597]-add_keysyms option in the next paragraph. + Update: for convenience "[598]-remap DEAD" does many of these mappings at once. - * To complement the above workaround using the [597]-remap, an - option [598]-add_keysyms was added. This option instructs x11vnc + * To complement the above workaround using the [599]-remap, an + option [600]-add_keysyms was added. This option instructs x11vnc to bind any unknown Keysyms coming in from VNC viewers to unused Keycodes in the X server. This modifies the global state of the X server. When x11vnc exits it removes the extra keymappings it @@ -6880,7 +6912,7 @@ EndSection disable. - Q-89: When typing I sometimes get double, triple, or more of my + Q-90: When typing I sometimes get double, triple, or more of my keystrokes repeated. I'm sure I only typed them once, what can I do? This may be due to an interplay between your X server's key autorepeat @@ -6888,7 +6920,7 @@ EndSection Short answer: disable key autorepeating by running the command "xset r off" on the Xserver where x11vnc is run (restore via "xset r on") or - use the new (Jul/2004) [599]-norepeat x11vnc option. You will still + use the new (Jul/2004) [601]-norepeat x11vnc option. You will still have autorepeating because that is taken care of on your VNC viewer side. @@ -6912,18 +6944,18 @@ EndSection off", does the problem go away? The workaround is to manually apply "xset r off" and "xset r on" as - needed, or to use the [600]-norepeat (which has since Dec/2004 been + needed, or to use the [602]-norepeat (which has since Dec/2004 been made the default.) Note that with X server autorepeat turned off the VNC viewer side of the connection will (nearly always) do its own autorepeating so there is no big loss here, unless someone is also working at the physical display and misses his autorepeating. - Q-90: The x11vnc -norepeat mode is in effect, but I still get repeated + Q-91: The x11vnc -norepeat mode is in effect, but I still get repeated keystrokes!! Are you using x11vnc to log in to an X session via display manager? - (as described in [601]this FAQ) If so, x11vnc is starting before your + (as described in [603]this FAQ) If so, x11vnc is starting before your session and it disables autorepeat when you connect, but then after you log in your session startup (GNOME, KDE, ...) could be resetting the autorepeat to be on. Or it could be something inside your desktop @@ -6943,7 +6975,7 @@ EndSection should figure out how to disable that somehow. - Q-91: After using x11vnc for a while, I find that I cannot type some + Q-92: After using x11vnc for a while, I find that I cannot type some (or any) characters or my mouse clicks and drags no longer have any effect, or they lead to strange effects. What happened? @@ -6984,11 +7016,11 @@ EndSection desktop manages these "warps". If the viewer is not notified it cannot know it needs to release the modifiers. - You can also use the [602]-clear_mods option to try to clear all of + You can also use the [604]-clear_mods option to try to clear all of the modifier keys at x11vnc startup. You will still have to be careful that you do not leave the modifier key pressed down during your session. It is difficult to prevent this problem from occurring (short - of using [603]-remap to prevent sending all of the problem modifier + of using [605]-remap to prevent sending all of the problem modifier keys, which would make the destkop pretty unusable.) During a session these x11vnc remote control commands can also help: @@ -7001,16 +7033,16 @@ EndSection Num_Lock down. When these are locked on the remote side it can sometimes lead to strange desktop behavior (e.g. cannot drag or click on windows.) As above you may not notice this because the lock isn't - down on the local (Viewer) side. See [604]this FAQ on lock keys - problem. These options may help avoid the problem: [605]-skip_lockkeys - and [606]-capslock. See also [607]-clear_all. + down on the local (Viewer) side. See [606]this FAQ on lock keys + problem. These options may help avoid the problem: [607]-skip_lockkeys + and [608]-capslock. See also [609]-clear_all. - Q-92: The machine where I run x11vnc has an AltGr key, but the local + Q-93: The machine where I run x11vnc has an AltGr key, but the local machine where I run the VNC viewer does not. Is there a way I can map a local unused key to send an AltGr? How about a Compose key as well? - Something like "[608]-remap Super_R-Mode_switch" x11vnc option may + Something like "[610]-remap Super_R-Mode_switch" x11vnc option may work. Note that Super_R is the "Right Windoze(tm) Flaggie" key; you may want to choose another. The -debug_keyboard option comes in handy in finding keysym names (so does xev(1).) @@ -7021,7 +7053,7 @@ EndSection specify remappings from a file. - Q-93: I have a Sun machine I run x11vnc on. Its Sun keyboard has just + Q-94: I have a Sun machine I run x11vnc on. Its Sun keyboard has just one Alt key labelled "Alt" and two Meta keys labelled with little diamonds. The machine where I run the VNC viewer only has Alt keys. How can I send a Meta keypress? (e.g. emacs needs this) @@ -7033,13 +7065,13 @@ EndSection Since xmodmap(1) modifies the X server mappings you may not want to do this (because it affects local work on that machine.) Something like - the [609]-remap Alt_L-Meta_L to x11vnc may be sufficient for ones + the [611]-remap Alt_L-Meta_L to x11vnc may be sufficient for ones needs, and does not modify the X server environment. Note that you cannot send Alt_L in this case, maybe -remap Super_L-Meta_L would be a better choice if the Super_L key is typically unused in Unix. - Q-94: Running x11vnc on HP-UX I cannot type "#" I just get a "3" + Q-95: Running x11vnc on HP-UX I cannot type "#" I just get a "3" instead. One user reports this problem on HP-UX Rel_B.11.23. The problem was @@ -7053,7 +7085,7 @@ EndSection and similar triple mappings (with two in the AltGr/Mode_switch group) of a keysum to a single keycode. - Use the [610]-nomodtweak option as a workaround. You can also use + Use the [612]-nomodtweak option as a workaround. You can also use xmodmap to correct these mappings in the server, e.g.: xmodmap -e "keycode 47 = 3 numbersign" @@ -7062,12 +7094,12 @@ EndSection handle these mappings better. - Q-95: Can I map a keystroke to a mouse button click on the remote + Q-96: Can I map a keystroke to a mouse button click on the remote machine? This can be done directly in some X servers using AccessX and Pointer_EnableKeys, but is a bit awkward. It may be more convenient to - have x11vnc do the remapping. This can be done via the [611]-remap + have x11vnc do the remapping. This can be done via the [613]-remap option using the fake "keysyms" Button1, Button2, etc. as the "to" keys (i.e. the ones after the "-") @@ -7076,7 +7108,7 @@ EndSection button "paste" because (using XFree86/Xorg Emulate3Buttons) you have to click both buttons on the touch pad at the same time. This remapping: - [612]-remap Super_R-Button2 + [614]-remap Super_R-Button2 maps the Super_R "flag" key press to the Button2 click, thereby making X pasting a bit easier. @@ -7085,7 +7117,7 @@ EndSection are generated immediately on the x11vnc side. When the key is released (i.e. goes up) no events are generated. - Q-96: How can I get Caps_Lock to work between my VNC viewer and + Q-97: How can I get Caps_Lock to work between my VNC viewer and x11vnc? This is a little tricky because it is possible to get the Caps_Lock @@ -7095,13 +7127,13 @@ EndSection Caps_Lock in the viewer your local machine goes into the Caps_Lock on state and sends keysym "A" say when you press "a". x11vnc will then fake things up so that Shift is held down to generate "A". The - [613]-skip_lockkeys option should help to accomplish this. For finer - grain control use something like: "[614]-remap Caps_Lock-None". + [615]-skip_lockkeys option should help to accomplish this. For finer + grain control use something like: "[616]-remap Caps_Lock-None". - Also try the [615]-nomodtweak and [616]-capslock options. + Also try the [617]-nomodtweak and [618]-capslock options. Another useful option that turns off any Lock keys on the remote side - at startup and end is the [617]-clear_all option. During a session you + at startup and end is the [619]-clear_all option. During a session you can run these remote control commands to modify the Lock keys: x11vnc -R clear_locks x11vnc -R clear_all @@ -7111,7 +7143,7 @@ EndSection etc.) [Screen Related Issues and Features] - Q-97: The remote display is larger (in number of pixels) than the + Q-98: The remote display is larger (in number of pixels) than the local display I am running the vncviewer on. I don't like the vncviewer scrollbars, what I can do? @@ -7130,15 +7162,15 @@ EndSection There may also be scaling viewers out there (e.g. TightVNC or UltraVNC on Windows) that automatically shrink or expand the remote framebuffer to fit the local display. Especially for hand-held devices. See also - [618]the next FAQ on x11vnc scaling. + [620]the next FAQ on x11vnc scaling. - Q-98: Does x11vnc support server-side framebuffer scaling? (E.g. to + Q-99: Does x11vnc support server-side framebuffer scaling? (E.g. to make the desktop smaller.) As of Jun/2004 x11vnc provides basic server-side scaling. It is a global scaling of the desktop, not a per-client setting. To enable it - use the "[619]-scale fraction" option. "fraction" can either be a + use the "[621]-scale fraction" option. "fraction" can either be a floating point number (e.g. -scale 0.75) or the alternative m/n fraction notation (e.g. -scale 3/4.) Note that if fraction is greater than one the display is magnified. @@ -7163,7 +7195,7 @@ EndSection One can also use the ":nb" with an integer scale factor (say "-scale 2:nb") to use x11vnc as a screen magnifier for vision impaired - [620]applications. Since with integer scale factors the framebuffers + [622]applications. Since with integer scale factors the framebuffers become huge and scaling operations time consuming, be sure to use ":nb" for the fastest response. @@ -7189,7 +7221,7 @@ EndSection If one desires per-client scaling for something like 1:1 from a workstation and 1:2 from a smaller device (e.g. handheld), currently the only option is to run two (or more) x11vnc processes with - different scalings listening on separate ports ([621]-rfbport option, + different scalings listening on separate ports ([623]-rfbport option, etc.) Update: As of May/2006 x11vnc also supports the UltraVNC server-side @@ -7199,8 +7231,8 @@ EndSection "-rfbversion 3.6" for this to be recognized by UltraVNC viewers. BTW, whenever you run two or more x11vnc's on the same X display and - use the [622]GUI, then to avoid all of the x11vnc's simultaneously - answering the gui you will need to use something like [623]"-connect + use the [624]GUI, then to avoid all of the x11vnc's simultaneously + answering the gui you will need to use something like [625]"-connect file1 -gui ..." with different connect files for each x11vnc you want to control via the gui (or remote-control.) The "-connect file1" usage gives separate communication channels between a x11vnc process and the @@ -7209,12 +7241,12 @@ EndSection Update: As of Mar/2005 x11vnc now scales the mouse cursor with the same scale factor as the screen. If you don't want that, use the - [624]"-scale_cursor frac" option to set the cursor scaling to a + [626]"-scale_cursor frac" option to set the cursor scaling to a different factor (e.g. use "-scale_cursor 1" to keep the cursor at its natural unscaled size.) - Q-99: Does x11vnc work with Xinerama? (i.e. multiple monitors joined + Q-100: Does x11vnc work with Xinerama? (i.e. multiple monitors joined together to form one big, single screen.) Yes, it should generally work because it simply polls the big @@ -7237,26 +7269,26 @@ EndSection screen is not rectangular (e.g. 1280x1024 and 1024x768 monitors joined together), then there will be "non-existent" areas on the screen. The X server will return "garbage" image data for these areas and so they - may be distracting to the viewer. The [625]-blackout x11vnc option + may be distracting to the viewer. The [627]-blackout x11vnc option allows you to blacken-out rectangles by manually specifying their WxH+X+Y geometries. If your system has the libXinerama library, the - [626]-xinerama x11vnc option can be used to have it automatically + [628]-xinerama x11vnc option can be used to have it automatically determine the rectangles to be blackened out. (Note on 8bpp PseudoColor displays the fill color may not be black.) Update: - [627]-xinerama is now on by default. + [629]-xinerama is now on by default. Some users have reported that the mouse does not behave properly for their Xinerama display: i.e. the mouse cannot be moved to all regions - of the large display. If this happens try using the [628]-xwarppointer + of the large display. If this happens try using the [630]-xwarppointer option. This instructs x11vnc to fake mouse pointer motions using the XWarpPointer function instead of the XTestFakeMotionEvent XTEST function. (This may be due to a bug in the X server for XTEST when - Xinerama is enabled.) Update: As of Dec/2006 [629]-xwarppointer will + Xinerama is enabled.) Update: As of Dec/2006 [631]-xwarppointer will be applied automatically if Xinerama is detected. To disable use: -noxwarppointer - Q-100: Can I use x11vnc on a multi-headed display that is not Xinerama + Q-101: Can I use x11vnc on a multi-headed display that is not Xinerama (i.e. separate screens :0.0, :0.1, ... for each monitor)? You can, but it is a little bit awkward: you must start separate @@ -7274,32 +7306,32 @@ EndSection Note: if you are running on Solaris 8 or earlier you can easily hit up against the maximum of 6 shm segments per process (for Xsun in this case) from running multiple x11vnc processes. You should modify - /etc/system as mentioned in another [630]FAQ to increase the limit. It - is probably also a good idea to run with the [631]-onetile option in + /etc/system as mentioned in another [632]FAQ to increase the limit. It + is probably also a good idea to run with the [633]-onetile option in this case (to limit each x11vnc to 3 shm segments), or even - [632]-noshm to use no shm segments. + [634]-noshm to use no shm segments. - Q-101: Can x11vnc show only a portion of the display? (E.g. for a + Q-102: Can x11vnc show only a portion of the display? (E.g. for a special purpose application or a very large screen.) - As of Mar/2005 x11vnc has the "[633]-clip WxH+X+Y" option to select a + As of Mar/2005 x11vnc has the "[635]-clip WxH+X+Y" option to select a rectangle of width W, height H and offset (X, Y). Thus the VNC screen will be the clipped sub-region of the display and be only WxH in size. - One user used -clip to split up a large [634]Xinerama screen into two + One user used -clip to split up a large [636]Xinerama screen into two more managable smaller screens. This also works to view a sub-region of a single application window if - the [635]-id or [636]-sid options are used. The offset is measured + the [637]-id or [638]-sid options are used. The offset is measured from the upper left corner of the selected window. - Q-102: Does x11vnc support the XRANDR (X Resize, Rotate and + Q-103: Does x11vnc support the XRANDR (X Resize, Rotate and Reflection) extension? Whenever I rotate or resize the screen x11vnc just seems to crash. As of Dec/2004 x11vnc supports XRANDR. You enable it with the - [637]-xrandr option to make x11vnc monitor XRANDR events and also trap + [639]-xrandr option to make x11vnc monitor XRANDR events and also trap X server errors if the screen change occurred in the middle of an X call like XGetImage. Once it traps the screen change it will create a new framebuffer using the new screen. @@ -7309,9 +7341,9 @@ EndSection then the viewer will automatically resize. Otherwise, the new framebuffer is fit as best as possible into the original viewer size (portions of the screen may be clipped, unused, etc.) For these - viewers you can try the [638]-padgeom option to make the region big + viewers you can try the [640]-padgeom option to make the region big enough to hold all resizes and rotations. We have fixed this problem - for the TightVNC Viewer on Unix: [639]SSVNC + for the TightVNC Viewer on Unix: [641]SSVNC If you specify "-xrandr newfbsize" then vnc viewers that do not support NewFBSize will be disconnected before the resize. If you @@ -7319,21 +7351,21 @@ EndSection terminate. - Q-103: Independent of any XRANDR, can I have x11vnc rotate and/or + Q-104: Independent of any XRANDR, can I have x11vnc rotate and/or reflect the screen that the VNC viewers see? (e.g. for a handheld whose screen is rotated 90 degrees.) - As of Jul/2006 there is the [640]-rotate option allow this. E.g's: + As of Jul/2006 there is the [642]-rotate option allow this. E.g's: "-rotate +90", "-rotate -90", "-rotate x", etc. - Q-104: Why is the view in my VNC viewer completely black? Or why is + Q-105: Why is the view in my VNC viewer completely black? Or why is everything flashing around randomly? See the next FAQ for a possible explanation. - Q-105: I use Linux Virtual Terminals (VT's) to implement 'Fast User + Q-106: I use Linux Virtual Terminals (VT's) to implement 'Fast User Switching' between users' sessions (e.g. Betty is on Ctrl-Alt-F7, Bobby is on Ctrl-Alt-F8, and Sid is on Ctrl-Alt-F1: they use those keystrokes to switch between their sessions.) How come the view in a @@ -7362,7 +7394,7 @@ EndSection "chvt 7" for VT #7. - Q-106: I am using x11vnc where my local machine has "popup/hidden + Q-107: I am using x11vnc where my local machine has "popup/hidden taskbars" and the remote display where x11vnc runs also has "popup/hidden taskbars" and they interfere and fight with each other. What can I do? @@ -7377,7 +7409,7 @@ EndSection click on the task bar panel, and uncheck "enable auto-hide" from the panel properties dialog box. This will make the panel always visible. - Q-107: Help! x11vnc and my KDE screensaver keep switching each other + Q-108: Help! x11vnc and my KDE screensaver keep switching each other on and off every few seconds. This is a new (Jul/2006) problem seen, say, on the version of KDE that @@ -7388,13 +7420,13 @@ EndSection This may be a bug in kdesktop_lock. For now the only workaround is to disable the screensaver. You can try using another one such as - straight xscreensaver (see the instructions [641]here for how to + straight xscreensaver (see the instructions [643]here for how to disable kdesktop_lock.) If you have more info on this or see it outside of KDE please let us know. Update: It appears this is due to kdesktop_lock enabling the screen saver when the Monitor is in DPMS low-power state (e.g. standby, - suspend, or off.) In Nov/2006 the x11vnc [642]-nodpms option was added + suspend, or off.) In Nov/2006 the x11vnc [644]-nodpms option was added as a workaround. Normally it is a good thing that the monitor powers down (since x11vnc can still poll the framebuffer in this state), but if you experience the kdesktop_lock problem you can specify the @@ -7404,22 +7436,22 @@ EndSection disable the screensaver.) Feel free to file a bug against kdesktop_lock with KDE. - Q-108: I am running the beryl 3D window manager (or compiz, MythTv, + Q-109: I am running the beryl 3D window manager (or compiz, MythTv, Google Earth, or some other OpenGL app) and I do not get screen updates in x11vnc. This appears to be because the 3D OpenGL/GLX hardware screen updates do not get reported via the XDAMAGE mechanism. So this is a bug in - [643]beryl/compiz or XDAMAGE/Xorg or the (possibly 3rd party) video + [645]beryl/compiz or XDAMAGE/Xorg or the (possibly 3rd party) video card driver. - As a workaround apply the [644]-noxdamage option. As of Feb/2007 + As a workaround apply the [646]-noxdamage option. As of Feb/2007 x11vnc will try to autodetect the problem and disable XDAMAGE if is appears to be missing a lot of updates. But if you know you are using - beryl you might as well always supply -noxdamage. Thanks to [645]this + beryl you might as well always supply -noxdamage. Thanks to [647]this user who reported the problem and discovered the workaround. - A developer for [646]MiniMyth reports that the 'alphapulse' tag of the + A developer for [648]MiniMyth reports that the 'alphapulse' tag of the theme G.A.N.T. can also cause problems, and should be avoided when using VNC. @@ -7428,7 +7460,7 @@ EndSection responsiveness (especially for typing) and also leads to unnecessary CPU and memory I/O load due to the extra polling. - Q-109: Can I use x11vnc to view my VMWare session remotely? + Q-110: Can I use x11vnc to view my VMWare session remotely? Yes, since VMWare usually runs as an X application you can view it via x11vnc in the normal way. @@ -7439,9 +7471,9 @@ EndSection * Fullscreen mode The way VMWare does Fullscreen mode on Linux is to display the Guest - desktop in a separate Virtual Terminal (e.g. VT 8) (see [647]this FAQ + desktop in a separate Virtual Terminal (e.g. VT 8) (see [649]this FAQ on VT's for background.) Unfortunately, this Fullscreen VT is not an X - server. So x11vnc cannot access it (however, [648]see this discussion + server. So x11vnc cannot access it (however, [650]see this discussion of -rawfb for a possible workaround.) x11vnc works fine with "Normal X application window" and "Quick-Switch mode" because these use X. @@ -7462,13 +7494,13 @@ EndSection improve response. One can also cut the display depth (e.g. to 16bpp) in this 2nd X session to improve video performance. This 2nd X session emulates Fullscreen mode to some degree and can be viewed via x11vnc - as long as the VMWare X session [649]is in the active VT. + as long as the VMWare X session [651]is in the active VT. Also note that with a little bit of playing with "xwininfo -all -children" output one can extract the (non-toplevel) window-id of the of the Guest desktop only when VMWare is running as a normal X application. Then one can export just the guest desktop (i.e. without - the VMWare menu buttons) by use of the [650]-id windowid option. The + the VMWare menu buttons) by use of the [652]-id windowid option. The caveats are the X session VMWare is in must be in the active VT and the window must be fully visible, so this mode is not terribly convenient, but could be useful in some circumstances (e.g. running @@ -7480,14 +7512,14 @@ EndSection [Exporting non-X11 devices via VNC] - Q-110: Can non-X devices (e.g. a raw framebuffer) be viewed (and even + Q-111: Can non-X devices (e.g. a raw framebuffer) be viewed (and even controlled) via VNC with x11vnc? As of Apr/2005 there is support for this. Two options were added: - "[651]-rawfb string" (to indicate the raw frame buffer device, file, - etc. and its parameters) and "[652]-pipeinput command" (to provide an + "[653]-rawfb string" (to indicate the raw frame buffer device, file, + etc. and its parameters) and "[654]-pipeinput command" (to provide an external program that will inject or otherwise process mouse and - keystroke input.) Some useful [653]-pipeinput schemes, VID, CONSOLE, + keystroke input.) Some useful [655]-pipeinput schemes, VID, CONSOLE, and UINPUT, have since been built into x11vnc for convenience. This non-X mode for x11vnc is somewhat experimental because it is so @@ -7527,9 +7559,9 @@ EndSection access method.) Only use file if map isn't working. BTW, "mmap" is an alias for "map" and if you do not supply a type and the file exists, map is assumed (see the -help output and below for some exceptions to - this.) The "snap:" setting applies the [654]-snapfb option with + this.) The "snap:" setting applies the [656]-snapfb option with "file:" type reading (this is useful for exporting webcams or TV tuner - video; see [655]the next FAQ for more info.) + video; see [657]the next FAQ for more info.) Also, if the string is of the form "setup:cmd" then cmd is run and the first line of its output retrieved and used as the rawfb string. This @@ -7574,7 +7606,7 @@ EndSection screen to either shm or a mapped file. The format of these is XWD and so the initial header should be skipped. BTW, since XWD is not strictly RGB the view will only be approximate, but usable. Of course - for the case of Xvfb x11vnc can poll it much better via the [656]X + for the case of Xvfb x11vnc can poll it much better via the [658]X API, but you get the idea. By default in -rawfb mode x11vnc will actually close any X display it @@ -7605,13 +7637,13 @@ minal #2) tty1-tty6), or X graphical display (usually starting at tty7.) In addition to the text console other graphical ones may be viewed and interacted with as well, e.g. DirectFB or SVGAlib apps, VMWare non-X - fullscreen, or [657]Qt-embedded apps (PDAs/Handhelds.) By default the + fullscreen, or [659]Qt-embedded apps (PDAs/Handhelds.) By default the pipeinput mechanisms UINPUT and CONSOLE (keystrokes only) are automatically attempted in this mode under "-rawfb console". The Video4Linux Capture device, /dev/video0, etc is either a Webcam or a TV capture device and needs to have its driver enabled in the - kernel. See [658]this FAQ for details. If specified via "-rawfb Video" + kernel. See [660]this FAQ for details. If specified via "-rawfb Video" then the pipeinput method "VID" is applied (it lets you change video parameters dynamically via keystrokes.) @@ -7619,10 +7651,10 @@ minal #2) also useful in testing. - All of the above [659]-rawfb options are just for viewing the raw + All of the above [661]-rawfb options are just for viewing the raw framebuffer (although some of the aliases do imply keystroke and mouse pipeinput methods.) That may be enough for certain applications of - this feature (e.g. suppose a [660]video camera mapped its framebuffer + this feature (e.g. suppose a [662]video camera mapped its framebuffer into memory and you just wanted to look at it via VNC.) To handle the pointer and keyboard input from the viewer users the "-pipeinput cmd" option was added to indicate a helper program to @@ -7660,7 +7692,7 @@ minal #2) keystrokes into the Linux console (e.g. the virtual consoles: /dev/tty1, /dev/tty2, etc) in x11vnc/misc/vcinject.pl. It is based on the vncterm/LinuxVNC.c program also in the libvncserver CVS. So to - view and interact with VT #2 (assuming it is the [661]active VT) one + view and interact with VT #2 (assuming it is the [663]active VT) one can run something like: x11vnc -rawfb map:/dev/fb0@1024x768x16 -pipeinput './vcinject.pl 2' @@ -7715,7 +7747,7 @@ minal #2) better to use the more accurate and faster LinuxVNC program. The advantage x11vnc -rawfb might have is that it can allow interaction with a non-text application, e.g. one based on SVGAlib or - [662]Qt-embedded Also, for example the [663]VMWare Fullscreen mode is + [664]Qt-embedded Also, for example the [665]VMWare Fullscreen mode is actually viewable under -rawfb and can be interacted with if uinput is enabled. @@ -7732,7 +7764,7 @@ minal #2) program that passes the framebuffer to libvncserver. - Q-111: Can I export the Linux Console (Virtual Terminals) via VNC + Q-112: Can I export the Linux Console (Virtual Terminals) via VNC using x11vnc? Yes, you may need to be root to access the devices that make up the @@ -7777,12 +7809,12 @@ minal #2) startx (or similar, e.g. gdm) in the virtual terminal. A 2nd x11vnc could be used to see if the X server is now working correctly. - Q-112: Can I export via VNC a Webcam or TV tuner framebuffer using + Q-113: Can I export via VNC a Webcam or TV tuner framebuffer using x11vnc? - Yes, this is possible to some degree with the [664]-rawfb option. + Yes, this is possible to some degree with the [666]-rawfb option. There is no X11 involved: snapshots from the video capture device are - used for the screen image data. See the [665]previous FAQ on -rawfb + used for the screen image data. See the [667]previous FAQ on -rawfb for background. For best results, use x11vnc version 0.8.1 or later. Roughly, one would do something like this: @@ -7794,7 +7826,7 @@ minal #2) snapshot to a file that you point -rawfb to; ask me if it is not clear what to do.) - The "snap:" enforces [666]-snapfb mode which appears to be necessary. + The "snap:" enforces [668]-snapfb mode which appears to be necessary. The read pointer for video capture devices cannot be repositioned (which would be needed for scanline polling), but you can read a full frame of data from the device. @@ -7816,7 +7848,7 @@ minal #2) Many video4linux drivers tend to set the framebuffer to be 24bpp (as opposed to 32bpp.) Since this can cause problems with VNC viewers, - etc, the [667]-24to32 option will be automatically imposed when in + etc, the [669]-24to32 option will be automatically imposed when in 24bpp. Note that by its very nature, video capture involves rapid change in @@ -7824,7 +7856,7 @@ minal #2) wavering in brightness is always happening. This can lead to much network bandwidth consumption for the VNC traffic and also local CPU and I/O resource usage. You may want to experiment with "dialing down" - the framerate via the [668]-wait, [669]-slow_fb, or [670]-defer + the framerate via the [670]-wait, [671]-slow_fb, or [672]-defer options. Decreasing the window size and bpp also helps. @@ -7913,16 +7945,16 @@ minal #2) format to HI240, RGB565, RGB24, RGB32, RGB555, and GREY respectively. See -rawfb video for details. - See also the [671]-freqtab option to supply your own xawtv channel to + See also the [673]-freqtab option to supply your own xawtv channel to frequency mappings for your country (only ntsc-cable-us is built into x11vnc.) - Q-113: Can I connect via VNC to a Qt-embedded/Qtopia application + Q-114: Can I connect via VNC to a Qt-embedded/Qtopia application running on my handheld or PC using the Linux console framebuffer (i.e. not X11)? - Yes, the basic method for this is the [672]-rawfb scheme where the + Yes, the basic method for this is the [674]-rawfb scheme where the Linux console framebuffer (usually /dev/fb0) is polled and the uinput driver is used to inject keystrokes and mouse input. Often you will just have to type: @@ -7935,7 +7967,7 @@ minal #2) x11vnc -rawfb /dev/fb0@640x480x16 Also, to force usage of the uinput injection method use "-pipeinput - UINPUT". See the [673]-pipeinput description for tunable parameters, + UINPUT". See the [675]-pipeinput description for tunable parameters, etc. One problem with the x11vnc uinput scheme is that it cannot guess the @@ -7951,7 +7983,7 @@ minal #2) Even with the correct acceleration setting there is still some drift (probably because of the mouse threshold where the acceleration kicks in) and so x11vnc needs to reposition the cursor from 0,0 about 5 - times a second. See the [674]-pipeinput UINPUT option for tuning + times a second. See the [676]-pipeinput UINPUT option for tuning parameters that can be set (there are some experimental thresh=N tuning parameters as well) @@ -7983,10 +8015,10 @@ minal #2) not work. - Q-114: Now that non-X11 devices can be exported via VNC using x11vnc, + Q-115: Now that non-X11 devices can be exported via VNC using x11vnc, can I build it with no dependencies on X11 header files and libraries? - Yes, as of Jul/2006 x11vnc enables building for [675]-rawfb only + Yes, as of Jul/2006 x11vnc enables building for [677]-rawfb only support. Just do something like when building: ./configure --without-x (plus any other flags) make @@ -7997,16 +8029,16 @@ minal #2) know what you did. - Q-115: Does x11vnc support Mac OS X Aqua/Quartz displays natively + Q-116: Does x11vnc support Mac OS X Aqua/Quartz displays natively (i.e. no X11 involved)? Yes, since Nov/2006 in the development tree (x11vnc-0.8.4 tarball) there is support for native Mac OS X Aqua/Quartz displays using the - [676]-rawfb mechanism described above. The mouse and keyboard input is + [678]-rawfb mechanism described above. The mouse and keyboard input is achieved via Mac OS X API's. - So you can use x11vnc as an alternative to [677]OSXvnc (aka Vine - Server), or [678]Apple Remote Desktop (ARD). Perhaps there is some + So you can use x11vnc as an alternative to [679]OSXvnc (aka Vine + Server), or [680]Apple Remote Desktop (ARD). Perhaps there is some x11vnc feature you'd like to use on Mac OS X, etc. For a number of activities (e.g. window drags) it seems to be faster than OSXvnc. @@ -8016,7 +8048,7 @@ minal #2) (XDarwin) running on Mac OS X (people often install this software to display remote X11 apps on their Mac OS X system, or use some old favorites locally such as xterm.) However in this case x11vnc will - only work reasonably in single window [679]-id windowid mode (and the + only work reasonably in single window [681]-id windowid mode (and the window may need to have mouse focus.) If you do not have the DISPLAY env. variable set, x11vnc will assume @@ -8034,9 +8066,9 @@ minal #2) ./configure --without-x make - Win2VNC/x2vnc: One handy use is to use the [680]-nofb mode to + Win2VNC/x2vnc: One handy use is to use the [682]-nofb mode to redirect mouse and keyboard input to a nearby Mac (i.e. one to the - side of your desk) via [681]x2vnc or Win2VNC. See [682]this FAQ for + side of your desk) via [683]x2vnc or Win2VNC. See [684]this FAQ for more info. Options: Here are the Mac OS X specific x11vnc options: @@ -8106,17 +8138,17 @@ rm -f $tmp command for you.) Then once you are connected via VNC, iconify the Terminal windows (you can't delete them since that will kill x11vnc.) - Q-116: Can x11vnc be used as a VNC reflector/repeater to improve + Q-117: Can x11vnc be used as a VNC reflector/repeater to improve performance for the case of a large number of simultaneous VNC viewers (e.g. classroom broadcasting or a large demo)? - Yes, as of Feb/2007 there is the "[683]-reflect host:N" option to + Yes, as of Feb/2007 there is the "[685]-reflect host:N" option to connect to the VNC server "host:N" (either another x11vnc or any other VNC server) and re-export it. VNC viewers then connect to the x11vnc(s) running -reflect. The -reflect option is the same as: "-rawfb vnc:host:N". See the - [684]-rawfb description under "VNC HOST" for more details. + [686]-rawfb description under "VNC HOST" for more details. You can replace "host:N" with "listen" or "listen:port" for reverse connections. @@ -8177,18 +8209,18 @@ rm -f $tmp re-exports via VNC to its clients C.) However, CopyRect and CursorShape encodings are preserved in the reflection and that helps. Dragging windows with the mouse can be a problem (especially if S is - not doing wireframing somehow, consider [685]-nodragging if the + not doing wireframing somehow, consider [687]-nodragging if the problem is severe) For a really fast reflector/repeater it would have to be implemented from scratch with performance in mind. See these other projects: - [686]http://sourceforge.net/projects/vnc-reflector/, - [687]http://www.tightvnc.com/projector/ (closed source?), + [688]http://sourceforge.net/projects/vnc-reflector/, + [689]http://www.tightvnc.com/projector/ (closed source?), Automation via Reverse Connections: Instead of having the R's connect directly to S and then the C's connect directly to the R they should use, some convenience can be achieved by using reverse - connections (the x11vnc "[688]"-connect host1,host2,..." option.) + connections (the x11vnc "[690]"-connect host1,host2,..." option.) Suppose all the clients "C" are started up in Listen mode: client1> vncviewer -listen client2> vncviewer -listen @@ -8215,7 +8247,7 @@ rm -f $tmp us know what you did. A really nice thing would be some sort of auto-discovery of your repeater, etc... - Q-117: Can x11vnc be used during a Linux, Solaris, etc. system + Q-118: Can x11vnc be used during a Linux, Solaris, etc. system Installation so the Installation can be done remotely? This can be done, but it doesn't always work because it depends on how @@ -8247,7 +8279,7 @@ rm -f $tmp If the Solaris install is an older X-based one, there will be a menu for you to get a terminal window. From that window you might be able to retrieve x11vnc.static via wget, scp, or ftp. Remember to do "chmod - 755 ./x11vnc.static" and then find the -auth file as in [689]this FAQ. + 755 ./x11vnc.static" and then find the -auth file as in [691]this FAQ. If it is a Linux install that uses an X server (e.g. SuSE and probably Fedora), then you can often get a shell by pressing Ctrl-Alt-F2 or @@ -8256,7 +8288,7 @@ rm -f $tmp wget http://192.168.0.22/x11vnc.static chmod 755 ./x11vnc.static - Find the name of the auth file as in [690]this FAQ. (maybe run "ps + Find the name of the auth file as in [692]this FAQ. (maybe run "ps wwwwaux | grep auth".) Then run it like this: ./x11vnc.static -forever -nopw -display :0 -auth /tmp/wherever/the/authfile @@ -8265,7 +8297,7 @@ rm -f $tmp the display being :1, etc. If there is a firewall blocking incoming connections during the - install, use the [691]"-connect hostname" option option for a reverse + install, use the [693]"-connect hostname" option option for a reverse connection to the hostname running the VNC viewer in listen mode. Debian based installs are either console-text or console-framebuffer @@ -8308,36 +8340,36 @@ rm -f $tmp [Misc: Clipboard, File Transfer/Sharing, Printing, Sound, Beeps, Thanks, etc.] - Q-118: Does the Clipboard/Selection get transferred between the + Q-119: Does the Clipboard/Selection get transferred between the vncviewer and the X display? As of Jan/2004 x11vnc supports the "CutText" part of the rfb protocol. Furthermore, x11vnc is able to hold the PRIMARY and CLIPBOARD selection (Xvnc does not seem to do this.) If you don't want the - Clipboard/Selection exchanged use the [692]-nosel option. If you don't + Clipboard/Selection exchanged use the [694]-nosel option. If you don't want the PRIMARY selection to be polled for changes use the - [693]-noprimary option. (with a similar thing for CLIPBOARD.) You can - also fine-tune it a bit with the [694]-seldir dir option and also - [695]-input. + [695]-noprimary option. (with a similar thing for CLIPBOARD.) You can + also fine-tune it a bit with the [696]-seldir dir option and also + [697]-input. You may need to watch out for desktop utilities such as KDE's "Klipper" that do odd things with the selection, clipboard, and cutbuffers. - Q-119: Can I use x11vnc to record a Shock Wave Flash (or other format) + Q-120: Can I use x11vnc to record a Shock Wave Flash (or other format) video of my desktop, e.g. to record a tutorial or demo? Yes, it is possible with a number of tools that record VNC and transform it to swf format or others. One such popular tool is - [696]pyvnc2swf. There are a number of [697]tutorials (broken link?) on + [698]pyvnc2swf. There are a number of [699]tutorials (broken link?) on how to do this. Another option is to use the vnc2mpg that comes in the LibVNCServer package. An important thing to remember when doing this is that tuning parameters should be applied to x11vnc to speed up its polling for this sort of application, e.g. "-wait 10 -defer 10". - Q-120: Can I transfer files back and forth with x11vnc? + Q-121: Can I transfer files back and forth with x11vnc? As of Oct/2005 and May/2006 x11vnc enables, respectively, the TightVNC and UltraVNC file transfer implementations that were added to @@ -8345,11 +8377,11 @@ rm -f $tmp (and Windows viewers only support filetransfer it appears... but they do work to some degree under Wine on Linux.) - The [698]SSVNC Unix VNC viewer supports UltraVNC file transfer by use + The [700]SSVNC Unix VNC viewer supports UltraVNC file transfer by use of a Java helper program. TightVNC file transfer is off by default, if you want to enable it use - the [699]-tightfilexfer option. + the [701]-tightfilexfer option. UltraVNC file transfer is off by default, to enable it use something like "-rfbversion 3.6 -permitfiletransfer" @@ -8372,7 +8404,7 @@ rm -f $tmp IMPORTANT: please understand if -ultrafilexfer or -tightfilexfer is specified and you run x11vnc as root for, say, inetd or display manager (gdm, kdm, ...) access and you do not have it switch users via - the [700]-users option, then VNC Viewers that connect are able to do + the [702]-users option, then VNC Viewers that connect are able to do filetransfer reads and writes as *root*. The UltraVNC and TightVNC settings can be toggled on and off inside @@ -8385,13 +8417,13 @@ rm -f $tmp control you will probably be foiled by the "-rfbversion 3.6" issue. - Q-121: Which UltraVNC extensions are supported? + Q-122: Which UltraVNC extensions are supported? Some of them are supported. To get UltraVNC Viewers to attempt to use these extensions you will need to supply this option to x11vnc: -rfbversion 3.6 - Or use [701]-ultrafilexfer which is an alias for the above option and + Or use [703]-ultrafilexfer which is an alias for the above option and "-permitfiletransfer". UltraVNC evidently treats any other RFB version number as non-UltraVNC. @@ -8403,30 +8435,30 @@ rm -f $tmp * 1/n Server Scaling * rfbEncodingUltra compression encoding - The [702]SSVNC Unix VNC viewer supports these UltraVNC extensions. + The [704]SSVNC Unix VNC viewer supports these UltraVNC extensions. - To disable SingleWindow and ServerInput use [703]-noultraext (the + To disable SingleWindow and ServerInput use [705]-noultraext (the others are managed by LibVNCServer.) See this option too: - [704]-noserverdpms. + [706]-noserverdpms. - Also, the [705]UltraVNC repeater proxy is supported for use with - reverse connections: "[706]-connect repeater://host:port+ID:NNNN". Use + Also, the [707]UltraVNC repeater proxy is supported for use with + reverse connections: "[708]-connect repeater://host:port+ID:NNNN". Use it for both plaintext and SSL connections. This mode can send any string before switching to the VNC protocol, and so could be used with other proxy/gateway tools. - Q-122: Can x11vnc emulate UltraVNC's Single Click helpdesk mode for + Q-123: Can x11vnc emulate UltraVNC's Single Click helpdesk mode for Unix? I.e. something very simple for a naive user to initiate a reverse vnc connection from their Unix desktop to a helpdesk operator's VNC Viewer. - Yes, UltraVNC's [707]Single Click (SC) mode can be emulated fairly + Yes, UltraVNC's [709]Single Click (SC) mode can be emulated fairly well on Unix. We use the term "helpdesk" below, but it could be any sort of remote assistance you want to set up, e.g. something for Unix-using friends - or family to use. This includes [708]Mac OS X. + or family to use. This includes [710]Mac OS X. Assume you create a helpdesk directory "hd" on your website: http://www.mysite.com/hd (any website that you can upload files to @@ -8482,7 +8514,7 @@ chmod 755 ./x11vnc # platform, use $webhost/`uname`/x11vnc So I guess this is about 3-4 clicks (start a terminal and paste) and pressing "Enter" instead of "single click"... - See [709]this page for some variations on this method, e.g. how to add + See [711]this page for some variations on this method, e.g. how to add a password, SSL Certificates, etc. @@ -8494,11 +8526,11 @@ chmod 755 ./x11vnc # platform, use $webhost/`uname`/x11vnc A bit of obscurity security could be put in with a -passwd, -rfbauth options, etc. (note that x11vnc will require a password even for - reverse connections.) More info [710]here. + reverse connections.) More info [712]here. Firewalls: If the helpdesk (you) with the vncviewer is behind a - NAT/Firewall/Router the [711]router will have to be configured to + NAT/Firewall/Router the [713]router will have to be configured to redirect a port (i.e. 5500 or maybe different one if you like) to the vncviewer machine. If the vncviewer machine also has its own host-level firewall, you will have to open up the port there as well. @@ -8508,7 +8540,7 @@ chmod 755 ./x11vnc # platform, use $webhost/`uname`/x11vnc configuring a router to do a port redirection (i.e. on your side, the HelpDesk.) To avoid modifying either firewall/router, one would need some public (IP address reachable on the internet) redirection/proxy - service. Perhaps such a thing exists. [712]http://sc.uvnc.com provides + service. Perhaps such a thing exists. [714]http://sc.uvnc.com provides this service for their UltraVNC Single Click users. @@ -8544,7 +8576,7 @@ chmod 755 ./x11vnc # platform, use $webhost/`uname`/x11vnc As of Apr/2007 x11vnc supports reverse connections in SSL and so we can do this. On the Helpdesk side (Viewer) you will need STUNNEL or - better use the [713]Enhanced TightVNC Viewer (SSVNC) package we + better use the [715]Enhanced TightVNC Viewer (SSVNC) package we provide that automates all of the SSL for you. To do this create a file named "vncs" in the website "hd" directory @@ -8574,11 +8606,11 @@ chmod 755 ./x11vnc # platform, use $webhost/`uname`/x11vnc with the hostnames or IP addresses customized to your case. - The only change from the "vnc" above is the addition of the [714]-ssl + The only change from the "vnc" above is the addition of the [716]-ssl option to x11vnc. This will create a temporary SSL cert: openssl(1) will need to be installed on the user's end. A fixed SSL cert file could be used to avoid this (and provide some authentication; more - info [715]here.) + info [717]here.) The naive user will be doing this: wget -qO - http://www.mysite.com/hd/vncs | sh - @@ -8587,7 +8619,7 @@ chmod 755 ./x11vnc # platform, use $webhost/`uname`/x11vnc But before that, the helpdesk operator needs to have "vncviewer -listen" running as before, however he needs an SSL tunnel at his end. - The easiest way to do this is use [716]Enhanced TightVNC Viewer + The easiest way to do this is use [718]Enhanced TightVNC Viewer (SSVNC). Start it, and select Options -> 'Reverse VNC Connection (-listen)'. Then UN-select 'Verify All Certs' (this can be enabled later if you want; you'll need the x11vnc SSL certificate), and click @@ -8617,7 +8649,7 @@ connect = localhost:5501 answer the prompts with whatever you want; you can take the default for all of them if you like. The openssl(1) package must be installed. - See [717]this link and [718]this one too for more info on SSL certs. + See [719]this link and [720]this one too for more info on SSL certs. This creates $HOME/.vnc/certs/server-self:mystunnel.pem, then you would change the "stunnel.cfg" to look something like: foreground = yes @@ -8638,7 +8670,7 @@ connect = localhost:5501 then all bets are off!. More SSL variations and info about certificates can be found - [719]here. + [721]here. OpenSSL libssl.so.0.9.7 problems: @@ -8648,16 +8680,16 @@ connect = localhost:5501 distros are currently a bit of a mess regarding which version of libssl is installed. - You will find the [720]details here. + You will find the [722]details here. - Q-123: Can I (temporarily) mount my local (viewer-side) Windows/Samba + Q-124: Can I (temporarily) mount my local (viewer-side) Windows/Samba File share on the machine where x11vnc is running? You will have to use an external network redirection for this. Filesystem mounting is not part of the VNC protocol. - We show a simple [721]Samba example here. + We show a simple [723]Samba example here. First you will need a tunnel to redirect the SMB requests from the remote machine to the one you sitting at. We use an ssh tunnel: @@ -8697,17 +8729,17 @@ d,ip=127.0.0.1,port=1139 far-away> smbumount /home/fred/smb-haystack-pub At some point we hope to fold some automation for SMB ssh redir setup - into the [722]Enhanced TightVNC Viewer (SSVNC) package we provide (as + into the [724]Enhanced TightVNC Viewer (SSVNC) package we provide (as of Sep 2006 it is there for testing.) - Q-124: Can I redirect CUPS print jobs from the remote desktop where + Q-125: Can I redirect CUPS print jobs from the remote desktop where x11vnc is running to a printer on my local (viewer-side) machine? You will have to use an external network redirection for this. Printing is not part of the VNC protocol. - We show a simple Unix to Unix [723]CUPS example here. Non-CUPS port + We show a simple Unix to Unix [725]CUPS example here. Non-CUPS port redirections (e.g. LPD) should also be possible, but may be a bit more tricky. If you are viewing on Windows SMB and don't have a local cups server it may be trickier still (see below.) @@ -8789,11 +8821,11 @@ d,ip=127.0.0.1,port=1139 "localhost". At some point we hope to fold some automation for CUPS ssh redir setup - into the [724]Enhanced TightVNC Viewer (SSVNC) package we provide (as + into the [726]Enhanced TightVNC Viewer (SSVNC) package we provide (as of Sep 2006 it is there for testing.) - Q-125: How can I hear the sound (audio) from the remote applications + Q-126: How can I hear the sound (audio) from the remote applications on the desktop I am viewing via x11vnc? You will have to use an external network audio mechanism for this. @@ -8890,11 +8922,11 @@ or: the applications will fail to run because LD_PRELOAD will point to libraries of the wrong wordsize. * At some point we hope to fold some automation for esd or artsd ssh - redir setup into the [725]Enhanced TightVNC Viewer (SSVNC) package + redir setup into the [727]Enhanced TightVNC Viewer (SSVNC) package we provide (as of Sep/2006 it is there for testing.) - Q-126: Why don't I hear the "Beeps" in my X session (e.g. when typing + Q-127: Why don't I hear the "Beeps" in my X session (e.g. when typing tput bel in an xterm)? As of Dec/2003 "Beep" XBell events are tracked by default. The X @@ -8902,14 +8934,14 @@ or: in Solaris, see Xserver(1) for how to turn it on via +kb), and so you won't hear them if the extension is not present. - If you don't want to hear the beeps use the [726]-nobell option. If + If you don't want to hear the beeps use the [728]-nobell option. If you want to hear the audio from the remote applications, consider - trying a [727]redirector such as esd. + trying a [729]redirector such as esd. - Q-127: Does x11vnc work with IPv6? + Q-128: Does x11vnc work with IPv6? - Currently the only way to do this is via [728]inetd. You configure + Currently the only way to do this is via [730]inetd. You configure x11vnc to be run from inetd or xinetd and instruct it to listen on an IPv6 address. For xinetd the setting "flags = IPv6" will be needed. @@ -8918,7 +8950,7 @@ or: connection.) Some sort of ipv4-to-ipv6 redirector tool (perhaps even a perl script) could be useful to avoid this. - Also note that not all VNC Viewers are [729]IPv6 enabled, so a + Also note that not all VNC Viewers are [731]IPv6 enabled, so a redirector could even be needed on the client side. @@ -8926,7 +8958,7 @@ or: Contributions: - Q-128: Thanks for your program and for your help! Can I make a + Q-129: Thanks for your program and for your help! Can I make a donation? Please do (any amount is appreciated; very few have donated) and thank @@ -8955,716 +8987,718 @@ References 17. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-tight139 18. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-krdcprob 19. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-tru64-crash - 20. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-build-customizations - 21. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-win2vnc - 22. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-win2vnc-8bpp - 23. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-macosx-nofb - 24. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-8bpp - 25. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-overlays - 26. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-directcolor - 27. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-windowid - 28. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-transients-id - 29. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-24bpp - 30. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-noshm - 31. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-xterminal-xauth - 32. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-sunrays - 33. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-stop-bg - 34. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-remote_control - 35. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-passwd - 36. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-passwd-noecho - 37. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-passwdfile - 38. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-multipasswd - 39. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-unix-passwords - 40. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-custom-passwords - 41. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-forever-shared - 42. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-allow-opt - 43. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-tcp_wrappers - 44. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-listen-interface - 45. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-listen-localhost - 46. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-input-opt - 47. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-accept-opt - 48. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-users-opt - 49. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-blockdpy - 50. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-gone-lock - 51. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-ssh-unix - 52. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-ssh-putty - 53. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-ssl-tunnel-ext - 54. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-ssl-tunnel-int - 55. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-ssl-tunnel-viewers - 56. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-ssl-java-viewer-proxy - 57. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-ssl-portal - 58. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-ssl-ca - 59. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-service - 60. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-display-manager - 61. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-inetd - 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http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-video - 659. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-rawfb + 650. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-rawfb + 651. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-linuxvc + 652. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-id + 653. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-rawfb + 654. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-pipeinput + 655. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-pipeinput + 656. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-snapfb + 657. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-video + 658. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-xvfb + 659. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-qt-embedded 660. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-video - 661. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-linuxvc - 662. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-qt-embedded - 663. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-vmware - 664. 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http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-id - 680. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-id - 681. http://fredrik.hubbe.net/x2vnc.html - 682. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-win2vnc - 683. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-reflect - 684. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-rawfb - 685. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-nodragging - 686. http://sourceforge.net/projects/vnc-reflector/ - 687. http://www.tightvnc.com/projector/ - 688. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-connect - 689. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-display-manager - 690. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-display-manager - 691. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-connect - 692. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-nosel - 693. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-noprimary - 694. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-seldir - 695. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-input - 696. http://www.unixuser.org/~euske/vnc2swf/ - 697. http://wolphination.com/linux/2006/06/30/how-to-record-videos-of-your-desktop/ - 698. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/ssvnc.html - 699. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-tightfilexfer - 700. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-users - 701. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-ultrafilexfer - 702. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/ssvnc.html - 703. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-noultraext - 704. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-noserverdpms - 705. http://www.uvnc.com/addons/repeater.html - 706. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-connect - 707. http://www.uvnc.com/addons/singleclick.html - 708. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-macosx - 709. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/single-click.html - 710. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/single-click.html - 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http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-nodragging + 688. http://sourceforge.net/projects/vnc-reflector/ + 689. http://www.tightvnc.com/projector/ + 690. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-connect + 691. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-display-manager + 692. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-display-manager + 693. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-connect + 694. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-nosel + 695. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-noprimary + 696. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-seldir + 697. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-input + 698. http://www.unixuser.org/~euske/vnc2swf/ + 699. http://wolphination.com/linux/2006/06/30/how-to-record-videos-of-your-desktop/ + 700. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/ssvnc.html + 701. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-tightfilexfer + 702. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-users + 703. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-ultrafilexfer + 704. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/ssvnc.html + 705. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-noultraext + 706. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-noserverdpms + 707. http://www.uvnc.com/addons/repeater.html + 708. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-connect + 709. http://www.uvnc.com/addons/singleclick.html + 710. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-macosx + 711. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/single-click.html + 712. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/single-click.html + 713. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/index.html#firewalls + 714. http://sc.uvnc.com/ + 715. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/ssvnc.html + 716. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-ssl 717. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/single-click.html - 718. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/ssl.html + 718. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/ssvnc.html 719. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/single-click.html - 720. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/single-click.html#libssl-problems - 721. http://www.samba.org/ - 722. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/ssvnc.html - 723. http://www.cups.org/ + 720. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/ssl.html + 721. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/single-click.html + 722. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/single-click.html#libssl-problems + 723. http://www.samba.org/ 724. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/ssvnc.html - 725. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/ssvnc.html - 726. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-nobell - 727. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-sound - 728. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-inetd - 729. http://jungla.dit.upm.es/~acosta/paginas/vncIPv6.html + 725. http://www.cups.org/ + 726. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/ssvnc.html + 727. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/ssvnc.html + 728. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/x11vnc_opts.html#opt-nobell + 729. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-sound + 730. http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/faq.html#faq-inetd + 731. http://jungla.dit.upm.es/~acosta/paginas/vncIPv6.html ======================================================================= http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/chainingssh.html: @@ -11670,6 +11704,10 @@ Enhanced TightVNC Viewer (SSVNC: SSL/SSH VNC viewer) * Local Port Protections for STUNNEL and SSH: avoid having for long periods of time a listening port on the the local (VNC viewer) side that redirects to the remote side. + * Reverse (viewer listening) VNC connections can show a Popup dialog + asking whether to accept the connection or not (-acceptpopup.) The + extra info provided by UltraVNC Single Click reverse connections + is also supported (-acceptpopupsc) * Extremely low color modes: 64 and 8 colors in 8bpp (-use64/-bgr222, -use8/-bgr111) * Medium color mode: 16bpp mode on a 32bpp Viewer display @@ -12080,6 +12118,16 @@ Enhanced TightVNC viewer (SSVNC) options: the network to put (many) desktops on your screen over a long window of time. Use -multilisten for no limit. + -acceptpopup In -listen (reverse connection listening) mode when + a reverse VNC connection comes in show a popup asking + whether to Accept or Reject the connection. The IP + address of the connecting host is shown. Same as + setting the env. var. SSVNC_ACCEPT_POPUP=1. + + -acceptpopupsc As in -acceptpopup except assume UltraVNC Single + Click (SC) server. Retrieve User and ComputerName + info from UltraVNC Server and display in the Popup. + -use64 In -bgr233 mode, use 64 colors instead of 256. -bgr222 Same as -use64. @@ -12638,7 +12686,7 @@ x11vnc: a VNC server for real X displays Here are all of x11vnc command line options: % x11vnc -opts (see below for -help long descriptions) -x11vnc: allow VNC connections to real X11 displays. 0.9.9 lastmod: 2009-07-11 +x11vnc: allow VNC connections to real X11 displays. 0.9.9 lastmod: 2009-08-10 x11vnc options: -display disp -auth file -N @@ -12763,7 +12811,7 @@ libvncserver-tight-extension options: % x11vnc -help -x11vnc: allow VNC connections to real X11 displays. 0.9.9 lastmod: 2009-07-11 +x11vnc: allow VNC connections to real X11 displays. 0.9.9 lastmod: 2009-08-10 (type "x11vnc -opts" to just list the options.) @@ -13048,8 +13096,8 @@ Options: is needed for the latter, feel free to ask). -scale fraction Scale the framebuffer by factor "fraction". Values - less than 1 shrink the fb, larger ones expand it. Note: - image may not be sharp and response may be slower. + less than 1 shrink the fb, larger ones expand it. Note: + the image may not be sharp and response may be slower. If "fraction" contains a decimal point "." it is taken as a floating point number, alternatively the notation "m/n" may be used to denote fractions @@ -13220,8 +13268,7 @@ Options: Repeater mode: Some services provide an intermediate "vnc repeater": http://www.uvnc.com/addons/repeater.html (and also http://koti.mbnet.fi/jtko/ for linux port) - that acts as a proxy / gateway. Modes like these requir -e + that acts as a proxy/gateway. Modes like these require an initial string to be sent for the reverse connection before the VNC protocol is started. Here are the ways to do this: @@ -13486,12 +13533,12 @@ e full-access passwords) -unixpw [list] Use Unix username and password authentication. x11vnc - uses the su(1) program to verify the user's password. - [list] is an optional comma separated list of allowed - Unix usernames. If the [list] string begins with the - character "!" then the entire list is taken as an - exclude list. See below for per-user options that can - be applied. + will use the su(1) program to verify the user's + password. [list] is an optional comma separated list + of allowed Unix usernames. If the [list] string begins + with the character "!" then the entire list is taken + as an exclude list. See below for per-user options + that can be applied. A familiar "login:" and "Password:" dialog is presented to the user on a black screen inside the @@ -13507,8 +13554,9 @@ e Since the detailed behavior of su(1) can vary from OS to OS and for local configurations, test the mode - carefully. x11vnc will attempt to be conservative and - reject a login if anything abnormal occurs. + before deployment to make sure it is working properly. + x11vnc will attempt to be conservative and reject a + login if anything abnormal occurs. One case to note: FreeBSD and the other BSD's by default it is impossible for the user running x11vnc to @@ -13541,7 +13589,7 @@ e to come from the same machine x11vnc is running on (e.g. from a ssh -L port redirection). And that the -stunnel SSL mode be used for encryption over the - network.(see the description of -stunnel below). + network. (see the description of -stunnel below). Note: as a convenience, if you ssh(1) in and start x11vnc it will check if the environment variable @@ -13569,7 +13617,7 @@ e Set UNIXPW_DISABLE_LOCALHOST=1 to disable the -localhost requirement in Method 2). One should never do this (i.e. allow the Unix passwords to be sniffed on the - network). + network.) Regarding reverse connections (e.g. -R connect:host and -connect host), when the -localhost constraint is @@ -13587,7 +13635,7 @@ e in -inetd mode (thereby bypassing inetd). See the FAQ for details. - The user names in the comma separated [list] can have + The user names in the comma separated [list] may have per-user options after a ":", e.g. "fred:opts" where "opts" is a "+" separated list of "viewonly", "fullaccess", "input=XXXX", or @@ -13595,13 +13643,13 @@ e For "input=" it is the K,M,B,C described under -input. If an item in the list is "*" that means those - options apply to all users. It also means all users + options apply to all users. It ALSO implies all users are allowed to log in after supplying a valid password. Use "deny" to explicitly deny some users if you use - "*" to set a global option. If [list] begins with - the "!" character then "*" is ignored for checking - if the user is allowed, but the any value of options - associated with it does apply as normal. + "*" to set a global option. If [list] begins with the + "!" character then "*" is ignored for checking if + the user is allowed, but the option values associated + with it do apply as normal. There are also some utilities for testing password if [list] starts with the "%" character. See the @@ -13626,32 +13674,89 @@ e NIS is not required for this mode to work (only that getpwnam(3) return the encrypted password is required), - but it is unlikely it will work for any most modern - environments unless x11vnc is run as root to be able - to access /etc/shadow (note running as root is often - done when running x11vnc from inetd and xdm/gdm/kdm). + but it is unlikely it will work (as an ordinary user) + for most modern environments unless NIS is available. + On the other hand, when x11vnc is run as root it will + be able to to access /etc/shadow even if NIS is not + available (note running as root is often done when + running x11vnc from inetd and xdm/gdm/kdm). Looked at another way, if you do not want to use the - su(1) method provided by -unixpw, you can run x11vnc - as root and use -unixpw_nis. Any users with passwords - in /etc/shadow can then be authenticated. You may want - to use -users unixpw= to switch the process user after - the user logs in. + su(1) method provided by -unixpw (i.e. su_verify()), you + can run x11vnc as root and use -unixpw_nis. Any users + with passwords in /etc/shadow can then be authenticated. + + In -unixpw_nis mode, under no circumstances is x11vnc's + user password verifying function based on su called + (i.e. the function su_verify() that runs /bin/su + in a pseudoterminal to verify passwords.) However, + if -unixpw_nis is used in conjunction with the -find + and -create -display WAIT:... modes then, if x11vnc is + running as root, /bin/su may be called externally to + run the find or create commands. -unixpw_cmd cmd As -unixpw above, however do not use su(1) but rather run the externally supplied command "cmd". The first - line of its stdin will the username and the second line - the received password. If the command exits with status - 0 (success) the VNC client will be accepted. It will be - rejected for any other return status. - - Dynamic passwords and non-unix passwords can be - implemented this way by providing your own custom helper - program. Note that under unixpw mode the remote viewer - is given 3 tries to enter the correct password. - - If a list of allowed users is needed use -unixpw [list] - in addition to this option. + line of its stdin will be the username and the second + line the received password. If the command exits + with status 0 (success) the VNC user will be accepted. + It will be rejected for any other return status. + + Dynamic passwords and non-unix passwords, e.g. LDAP, + can be implemented this way by providing your own custom + helper program. Note that the remote viewer is given 3 + tries to enter the correct password, and so the program + may be called in a row that many (or more) times. + + If a list of allowed users is needed to limit who can + log in, use -unixpw [list] in addition to this option. + + In FINDDISPLAY and FINDCREATEDISPLAY modes the "cmd" + will also be run with the RFB_UNIXPW_CMD_RUN env. var. + non-empty and set to the corresponding display + find/create command. The first two lines of input are + the username and passwd as in the normal case described + above. To support FINDDISPLAY and FINDCREATEDISPLAY, + "cmd" should run the requested command as the user + (and most likely refusing to run it if the password is + not correct.) Here is an example script (note it has + a hardwired bogus password "abc"!) + + #!/bin/sh + # Example x11vnc -unixpw_cmd script. + # Read the first two lines of stdin (user and passwd) + read user + read pass + + debug=0 + if [ $debug = 1 ]; then + echo "user: $user" 1>&2 + echo "pass: $pass" 1>&2 + env | egrep -i 'rfb|vnc' 1>&2 + fi + + # Check if the password is valid. + # (A real example would use ldap lookup, etc!) + if [ "X$pass" != "Xabc" ]; then + exit 1 # incorrect password + fi + + if [ "X$RFB_UNIXPW_CMD_RUN" = "X" ]; then + exit 0 # correct password + else + # Run the requested command (finddisplay) + if [ $debug = 1 ]; then + echo "run: $RFB_UNIXPW_CMD_RUN" 1>&2 + fi + exec /bin/su - "$user" -c "$RFB_UNIXPW_CMD_RUN" + fi + + In -unixpw_cmd mode, under no circumstances is x11vnc's + user password verifying function based on su called + (i.e. the function su_verify() that runs /bin/su in a + pseudoterminal to verify passwords.) It is up to the + supplied unixpw_cmd to do user switching if desired + and if it has the permissions to do so. -find Find the user's display using FINDDISPLAY. This is an alias for "-display WAIT:cmd=FINDDISPLAY". @@ -13768,9 +13873,15 @@ e xauth extract - $DISPLAY" - In the case of -unixpw (but not -unixpw_nis), then the - cmd= command is run as the user who just authenticated - via the login and password prompt. + In the case of -unixpw (and -unixpw_nis only if x11vnc + is running as root), then the cmd= command is run + as the user who just authenticated via the login and + password prompt. + + In the case of -unixpw_cmd, the commands will also be + run as the logged-in user, as long as the user-supplied + helper program supports RFB_UNIXPW_CMD_RUN (see the + -unixpw_cmd option.) Also in the case of -unixpw, the user logging in can place a colon at the end of her username and supply diff --git a/x11vnc/connections.c b/x11vnc/connections.c index 8c3e474..20defff 100644 --- a/x11vnc/connections.c +++ b/x11vnc/connections.c @@ -574,18 +574,57 @@ int run_user_command(char *cmd, rfbClientPtr client, char *mode, char *input, close_exec_fds(); if (output != NULL) { - FILE *ph = popen(cmd, "r"); + FILE *ph; char line[1024]; + char *cmd2 = NULL; + char tmp[] = "/tmp/x11vnc-tmp.XXXXXX"; + int deltmp = 0; + + if (input != NULL) { + int tmp_fd = mkstemp(tmp); + if (tmp_fd < 0) { + rfbLog("mkstemp failed on: %s\n", tmp); + clean_up_exit(1); + } + write(tmp_fd, input, len); + close(tmp_fd); + deltmp = 1; + cmd2 = (char *) malloc(100 + strlen(tmp) + strlen(cmd)); + sprintf(cmd2, "/bin/cat %s | %s", tmp, cmd); + + ph = popen(cmd2, "r"); + } else { + ph = popen(cmd, "r"); + } if (ph == NULL) { rfbLog("popen(%s) failed", cmd); rfbLogPerror("popen"); clean_up_exit(1); } - while (fgets(line, 1024, ph) != NULL) { + memset(line, 0, sizeof(line)); + while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), ph) != NULL) { + int j, k = -1; if (0) fprintf(stderr, "line: %s", line); - fprintf(output, "%s", line); + /* take care to handle embedded nulls */ + for (j=0; j < sizeof(line); j++) { + if (line[j] != '\0') { + k = j; + } + } + if (k >= 0) { + write(fileno(output), line, k+1); + } + memset(line, 0, sizeof(line)); } + rc = pclose(ph); + + if (cmd2 != NULL) { + free(cmd2); + } + if (deltmp) { + unlink(tmp); + } goto got_rc; } else if (input != NULL) { FILE *ph = popen(cmd, "w"); @@ -789,7 +828,7 @@ void client_gone(rfbClientPtr client) { free(userhost); } else { rfbLog("client_gone: using cmd: %s\n", client->host); - run_user_command(gone_cmd, client, "gone", NULL,0,NULL); + run_user_command(gone_cmd, client, "gone", NULL, 0, NULL); } } diff --git a/x11vnc/enc.h b/x11vnc/enc.h index 64fdf51..aa8b57b 100644 --- a/x11vnc/enc.h +++ b/x11vnc/enc.h @@ -83,8 +83,8 @@ so, delete this exception statement from your version. * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, * USA or see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. * - * In addition, as a special exception, Karl J. Runge - * gives permission to link the code of its release of x11vnc with the + * In addition, as a special exception, Karl J. Runge gives permission + * to link the code of its release of ultravnc_dsm_helper with the * OpenSSL project's "OpenSSL" library (or with modified versions of it * that use the same license as the "OpenSSL" library), and distribute * the linked executables. You must obey the GNU General Public License diff --git a/x11vnc/help.c b/x11vnc/help.c index 248887e..ff697af 100644 --- a/x11vnc/help.c +++ b/x11vnc/help.c @@ -335,8 +335,8 @@ void print_help(int mode) { " is needed for the latter, feel free to ask).\n" "\n" "-scale fraction Scale the framebuffer by factor \"fraction\". Values\n" -" less than 1 shrink the fb, larger ones expand it. Note:\n" -" image may not be sharp and response may be slower.\n" +" less than 1 shrink the fb, larger ones expand it. Note:\n" +" the image may not be sharp and response may be slower.\n" " If \"fraction\" contains a decimal point \".\" it\n" " is taken as a floating point number, alternatively\n" " the notation \"m/n\" may be used to denote fractions\n" @@ -507,7 +507,7 @@ void print_help(int mode) { " Repeater mode: Some services provide an intermediate\n" " \"vnc repeater\": http://www.uvnc.com/addons/repeater.html\n" " (and also http://koti.mbnet.fi/jtko/ for linux port)\n" -" that acts as a proxy / gateway. Modes like these require\n" +" that acts as a proxy/gateway. Modes like these require\n" " an initial string to be sent for the reverse connection\n" " before the VNC protocol is started. Here are the ways\n" " to do this:\n" @@ -782,12 +782,12 @@ void print_help(int mode) { " full-access passwords)\n" "\n" "-unixpw [list] Use Unix username and password authentication. x11vnc\n" -" uses the su(1) program to verify the user's password.\n" -" [list] is an optional comma separated list of allowed\n" -" Unix usernames. If the [list] string begins with the\n" -" character \"!\" then the entire list is taken as an\n" -" exclude list. See below for per-user options that can\n" -" be applied.\n" +" will use the su(1) program to verify the user's\n" +" password. [list] is an optional comma separated list\n" +" of allowed Unix usernames. If the [list] string begins\n" +" with the character \"!\" then the entire list is taken\n" +" as an exclude list. See below for per-user options\n" +" that can be applied.\n" "\n" " A familiar \"login:\" and \"Password:\" dialog is\n" " presented to the user on a black screen inside the\n" @@ -803,8 +803,9 @@ void print_help(int mode) { "\n" " Since the detailed behavior of su(1) can vary from\n" " OS to OS and for local configurations, test the mode\n" -" carefully. x11vnc will attempt to be conservative and\n" -" reject a login if anything abnormal occurs.\n" +" before deployment to make sure it is working properly.\n" +" x11vnc will attempt to be conservative and reject a\n" +" login if anything abnormal occurs.\n" "\n" " One case to note: FreeBSD and the other BSD's by\n" " default it is impossible for the user running x11vnc to\n" @@ -837,7 +838,7 @@ void print_help(int mode) { " to come from the same machine x11vnc is running on\n" " (e.g. from a ssh -L port redirection). And that the\n" " -stunnel SSL mode be used for encryption over the\n" -" network.(see the description of -stunnel below).\n" +" network. (see the description of -stunnel below).\n" "\n" " Note: as a convenience, if you ssh(1) in and start\n" " x11vnc it will check if the environment variable\n" @@ -865,7 +866,7 @@ void print_help(int mode) { " Set UNIXPW_DISABLE_LOCALHOST=1 to disable the -localhost\n" " requirement in Method 2). One should never do this\n" " (i.e. allow the Unix passwords to be sniffed on the\n" -" network).\n" +" network.)\n" "\n" " Regarding reverse connections (e.g. -R connect:host\n" " and -connect host), when the -localhost constraint is\n" @@ -883,7 +884,7 @@ void print_help(int mode) { " in -inetd mode (thereby bypassing inetd). See the FAQ\n" " for details.\n" "\n" -" The user names in the comma separated [list] can have\n" +" The user names in the comma separated [list] may have\n" " per-user options after a \":\", e.g. \"fred:opts\"\n" " where \"opts\" is a \"+\" separated list of\n" " \"viewonly\", \"fullaccess\", \"input=XXXX\", or\n" @@ -891,13 +892,13 @@ void print_help(int mode) { " For \"input=\" it is the K,M,B,C described under -input.\n" "\n" " If an item in the list is \"*\" that means those\n" -" options apply to all users. It also means all users\n" +" options apply to all users. It ALSO implies all users\n" " are allowed to log in after supplying a valid password.\n" " Use \"deny\" to explicitly deny some users if you use\n" -" \"*\" to set a global option. If [list] begins with\n" -" the \"!\" character then \"*\" is ignored for checking\n" -" if the user is allowed, but the any value of options\n" -" associated with it does apply as normal.\n" +" \"*\" to set a global option. If [list] begins with the\n" +" \"!\" character then \"*\" is ignored for checking if\n" +" the user is allowed, but the option values associated\n" +" with it do apply as normal.\n" "\n" " There are also some utilities for testing password\n" " if [list] starts with the \"%%\" character. See the\n" @@ -922,32 +923,89 @@ void print_help(int mode) { "\n" " NIS is not required for this mode to work (only that\n" " getpwnam(3) return the encrypted password is required),\n" -" but it is unlikely it will work for any most modern\n" -" environments unless x11vnc is run as root to be able\n" -" to access /etc/shadow (note running as root is often\n" -" done when running x11vnc from inetd and xdm/gdm/kdm).\n" +" but it is unlikely it will work (as an ordinary user)\n" +" for most modern environments unless NIS is available.\n" +" On the other hand, when x11vnc is run as root it will\n" +" be able to to access /etc/shadow even if NIS is not\n" +" available (note running as root is often done when\n" +" running x11vnc from inetd and xdm/gdm/kdm).\n" "\n" " Looked at another way, if you do not want to use the\n" -" su(1) method provided by -unixpw, you can run x11vnc\n" -" as root and use -unixpw_nis. Any users with passwords\n" -" in /etc/shadow can then be authenticated. You may want\n" -" to use -users unixpw= to switch the process user after\n" -" the user logs in.\n" +" su(1) method provided by -unixpw (i.e. su_verify()), you\n" +" can run x11vnc as root and use -unixpw_nis. Any users\n" +" with passwords in /etc/shadow can then be authenticated.\n" +"\n" +" In -unixpw_nis mode, under no circumstances is x11vnc's\n" +" user password verifying function based on su called\n" +" (i.e. the function su_verify() that runs /bin/su\n" +" in a pseudoterminal to verify passwords.) However,\n" +" if -unixpw_nis is used in conjunction with the -find\n" +" and -create -display WAIT:... modes then, if x11vnc is\n" +" running as root, /bin/su may be called externally to\n" +" run the find or create commands.\n" "\n" "-unixpw_cmd cmd As -unixpw above, however do not use su(1) but rather\n" " run the externally supplied command \"cmd\". The first\n" -" line of its stdin will the username and the second line\n" -" the received password. If the command exits with status\n" -" 0 (success) the VNC client will be accepted. It will be\n" -" rejected for any other return status.\n" -"\n" -" Dynamic passwords and non-unix passwords can be\n" -" implemented this way by providing your own custom helper\n" -" program. Note that under unixpw mode the remote viewer\n" -" is given 3 tries to enter the correct password.\n" -"\n" -" If a list of allowed users is needed use -unixpw [list]\n" -" in addition to this option.\n" +" line of its stdin will be the username and the second\n" +" line the received password. If the command exits\n" +" with status 0 (success) the VNC user will be accepted.\n" +" It will be rejected for any other return status.\n" +"\n" +" Dynamic passwords and non-unix passwords, e.g. LDAP,\n" +" can be implemented this way by providing your own custom\n" +" helper program. Note that the remote viewer is given 3\n" +" tries to enter the correct password, and so the program\n" +" may be called in a row that many (or more) times.\n" +"\n" +" If a list of allowed users is needed to limit who can\n" +" log in, use -unixpw [list] in addition to this option.\n" +"\n" +" In FINDDISPLAY and FINDCREATEDISPLAY modes the \"cmd\"\n" +" will also be run with the RFB_UNIXPW_CMD_RUN env. var.\n" +" non-empty and set to the corresponding display\n" +" find/create command. The first two lines of input are\n" +" the username and passwd as in the normal case described\n" +" above. To support FINDDISPLAY and FINDCREATEDISPLAY,\n" +" \"cmd\" should run the requested command as the user\n" +" (and most likely refusing to run it if the password is\n" +" not correct.) Here is an example script (note it has\n" +" a hardwired bogus password \"abc\"!)\n" +"\n" +" #!/bin/sh\n" +" # Example x11vnc -unixpw_cmd script.\n" +" # Read the first two lines of stdin (user and passwd)\n" +" read user\n" +" read pass\n" +" \n" +" debug=0\n" +" if [ $debug = 1 ]; then\n" +" echo \"user: $user\" 1>&2\n" +" echo \"pass: $pass\" 1>&2\n" +" env | egrep -i 'rfb|vnc' 1>&2\n" +" fi\n" +" \n" +" # Check if the password is valid.\n" +" # (A real example would use ldap lookup, etc!)\n" +" if [ \"X$pass\" != \"Xabc\" ]; then\n" +" exit 1 # incorrect password\n" +" fi\n" +" \n" +" if [ \"X$RFB_UNIXPW_CMD_RUN\" = \"X\" ]; then\n" +" exit 0 # correct password\n" +" else\n" +" # Run the requested command (finddisplay)\n" +" if [ $debug = 1 ]; then\n" +" echo \"run: $RFB_UNIXPW_CMD_RUN\" 1>&2\n" +" fi\n" +" exec /bin/su - \"$user\" -c \"$RFB_UNIXPW_CMD_RUN\"\n" +" fi\n" +"\n" +" In -unixpw_cmd mode, under no circumstances is x11vnc's\n" +" user password verifying function based on su called\n" +" (i.e. the function su_verify() that runs /bin/su in a\n" +" pseudoterminal to verify passwords.) It is up to the\n" +" supplied unixpw_cmd to do user switching if desired\n" +" and if it has the permissions to do so.\n" "\n" "-find Find the user's display using FINDDISPLAY. This is an\n" " alias for \"-display WAIT:cmd=FINDDISPLAY\".\n" @@ -1064,9 +1122,15 @@ void print_help(int mode) { "\n" " xauth extract - $DISPLAY\"\n" "\n" -" In the case of -unixpw (but not -unixpw_nis), then the\n" -" cmd= command is run as the user who just authenticated\n" -" via the login and password prompt.\n" +" In the case of -unixpw (and -unixpw_nis only if x11vnc\n" +" is running as root), then the cmd= command is run\n" +" as the user who just authenticated via the login and\n" +" password prompt.\n" +"\n" +" In the case of -unixpw_cmd, the commands will also be\n" +" run as the logged-in user, as long as the user-supplied\n" +" helper program supports RFB_UNIXPW_CMD_RUN (see the\n" +" -unixpw_cmd option.)\n" "\n" " Also in the case of -unixpw, the user logging in can\n" " place a colon at the end of her username and supply\n" diff --git a/x11vnc/pointer.c b/x11vnc/pointer.c index 0a3d806..70d2b8e 100644 --- a/x11vnc/pointer.c +++ b/x11vnc/pointer.c @@ -343,11 +343,22 @@ void update_x11_pointer_position(int x, int y) { return; #else int rc; + static int watch_dx_dy = -1; RAWFB_RET_VOID + if (watch_dx_dy == -1) { + if (getenv("X11VNC_WATCH_DX_DY")) { + watch_dx_dy = 1; + } else { + watch_dx_dy = 0; + } + } + X_LOCK; - if (use_xwarppointer) { + if (watch_dx_dy && cursor_x == x && cursor_y == y) { + ; + } else if (use_xwarppointer) { /* * off_x and off_y not needed with XWarpPointer since * window is used: diff --git a/x11vnc/unixpw.c b/x11vnc/unixpw.c index 693012b..5ba3879 100644 --- a/x11vnc/unixpw.c +++ b/x11vnc/unixpw.c @@ -96,6 +96,7 @@ void unixpw_accept(char *user); void unixpw_deny(void); void unixpw_msg(char *msg, int delay); int su_verify(char *user, char *pass, char *cmd, char *rbuf, int *rbuf_size, int nodisp); +int unixpw_cmd_run(char *user, char *pass, char *cmd, char *line, int *n, int nodisp); int crypt_verify(char *user, char *pass); int cmd_verify(char *user, char *pass); void unixpw_verify_screen(char *user, char *pass); @@ -530,6 +531,82 @@ int crypt_verify(char *user, char *pass) { #endif /* UNIXPW_CRYPT */ } +int unixpw_cmd_run(char *user, char *pass, char *cmd, char *line, int *n, int nodisp) { + int i, len, rc; + char *str; + FILE *out; + + if (! user || ! pass) { + return 0; + } + if (! unixpw_cmd || *unixpw_cmd == '\0') { + return 0; + } + + if (! scheck(user, 100, "username")) { + return 0; + } + if (! scheck(pass, 100, "password")) { + return 0; + } + if (! unixpw_list_match(user)) { + return 0; + } + if (cmd == NULL) { + cmd = ""; + } + + len = strlen(user) + 1 + strlen(pass) + 1 + 1; + str = (char *) malloc(len); + if (! str) { + return 0; + } + str[0] = '\0'; + strcat(str, user); + strcat(str, "\n"); + strcat(str, pass); + if (!strchr(pass, '\n')) { + strcat(str, "\n"); + } + + out = tmpfile(); + if (out == NULL) { + rfbLog("unixpw_cmd_run tmpfile() failed.\n"); + clean_up_exit(1); + } + + set_env("RFB_UNIXPW_CMD_RUN", cmd); + + rc = run_user_command(unixpw_cmd, unixpw_client, "cmd_verify", + str, strlen(str), out); + + set_env("RFB_UNIXPW_CMD_RUN", ""); + + for (i=0; i < len; i++) { + str[i] = '\0'; + } + free(str); + + fflush(out); + rewind(out); + for (i=0; i < (*n) - 1; i++) { + int c = fgetc(out); + if (c == EOF) { + break; + } + line[i] = (char) c; + } + fclose(out); + *n = i; + + if (rc == 0) { + return 1; + } else { + return 0; + } +} + + int cmd_verify(char *user, char *pass) { int i, len, rc; char *str; @@ -602,6 +679,7 @@ int su_verify(char *user, char *pass, char *cmd, char *rbuf, int *rbuf_size, int set_db(); first = 0; } + rfbLog("su_verify: '%s' for %s.\n", user, cmd ? "command" : "login"); if (! scheck(user, 100, "username")) { return 0; @@ -1043,7 +1121,7 @@ int unixpw_verify(char *user, char *pass) { " succeeded.\n", user); ok = 1; } else { - rfbLog("unixpw_verify: crypt_verify login for '%s'" + rfbLog("unixpw_verify: cmd_verify login for '%s'" " failed.\n", user); usleep(3000*1000); ok = 0; diff --git a/x11vnc/unixpw.h b/x11vnc/unixpw.h index 374a59b..6da79e0 100644 --- a/x11vnc/unixpw.h +++ b/x11vnc/unixpw.h @@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ extern void unixpw_accept(char *user); extern void unixpw_deny(void); extern void unixpw_msg(char *msg, int delay); extern int su_verify(char *user, char *pass, char *cmd, char *rbuf, int *rbuf_size, int nodisp); +extern int unixpw_cmd_run(char *user, char *pass, char *cmd, char *line, int *n, int nodisp); extern int crypt_verify(char *user, char *pass); extern int cmd_verify(char *user, char *pass); extern int unixpw_verify(char *user, char *pass); diff --git a/x11vnc/user.c b/x11vnc/user.c index 35adec7..d1772d2 100644 --- a/x11vnc/user.c +++ b/x11vnc/user.c @@ -308,6 +308,9 @@ static void user2uid(char *user, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid, char **name, char **hom if (strstr(user2group[i], user) == user2group[i]) { char *w = user2group[i] + strlen(user); if (*w == '.') { +#if (SMALL_FOOTPRINT > 2) + gotgroup = 0; +#else struct group* gr = getgrnam(++w); if (! gr) { rfbLog("Invalid group: %s\n", w); @@ -320,6 +323,7 @@ static void user2uid(char *user, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid, char **name, char **hom did[i] = 1; } gotgroup = 1; +#endif } } i++; @@ -761,7 +765,7 @@ static int switch_user_env(uid_t uid, gid_t gid, char *name, char *home, int fb_ return 0; #else /* - * OK tricky here, we need to free the shm... otherwise + * OK, tricky here, we need to free the shm... otherwise * we won't be able to delete it as the other user... */ if (fb_mode == 1 && (using_shm && ! xform24to32)) { @@ -773,11 +777,13 @@ static int switch_user_env(uid_t uid, gid_t gid, char *name, char *home, int fb_ #if LIBVNCSERVER_HAVE_PWD_H if (getpwuid(uid) != NULL && getenv("X11VNC_SINGLE_GROUP") == NULL) { struct passwd *p = getpwuid(uid); - if (initgroups(p->pw_name, gid) == 0) { + /* another possibility is p->pw_gid instead of gid */ + if (setgid(gid) == 0 && initgroups(p->pw_name, gid) == 0) { grp_ok = 1; } else { rfbLogPerror("initgroups"); } + endgrent(); } #endif #endif @@ -2235,12 +2241,58 @@ static char *get_usslpeer() { return upeer; } +static void do_try_switch(char *usslpeer, char *users_list_save) { + if (usslpeer) { + char *u = (char *) malloc(strlen(usslpeer+2)); + sprintf(u, "+%s", usslpeer); + if (switch_user(u, 0)) { + rfbLog("sslpeer switched to user: %s\n", usslpeer); + } else { + rfbLog("sslpeer failed to switch to user: %s\n", usslpeer); + } + free(u); + + } else if (users_list_save && keep_unixpw_user) { + char *user = keep_unixpw_user; + char *u = (char *)malloc(strlen(user)+1); + + users_list = users_list_save; + + u[0] = '\0'; + if (!strcmp(users_list, "unixpw=")) { + sprintf(u, "+%s", user); + } else { + char *p, *str = strdup(users_list); + p = strtok(str + strlen("unixpw="), ","); + while (p) { + if (!strcmp(p, user)) { + sprintf(u, "+%s", user); + break; + } + p = strtok(NULL, ","); + } + free(str); + } + + if (u[0] == '\0') { + rfbLog("unixpw_accept skipping switch to user: %s (drc)\n", user); + } else if (switch_user(u, 0)) { + rfbLog("unixpw_accept switched to user: %s (drc)\n", user); + } else { + rfbLog("unixpw_accept failed to switch to user: %s (drc)\n", user); + } + free(u); + } +} + static int do_run_cmd(char *cmd, char *create_cmd, char *users_list_save, int created_disp, int db) { char tmp[] = "/tmp/x11vnc-find_display.XXXXXX"; char line1[1024], line2[16384]; char *q, *usslpeer = NULL; int n, nodisp = 0, saw_xdmcp = 0; int tmp_fd = -1; + int internal_cmd = 0; + int tried_switch = 0; memset(line1, 0, 1024); memset(line2, 0, 16384); @@ -2251,6 +2303,7 @@ static int do_run_cmd(char *cmd, char *create_cmd, char *users_list_save, int cr return 0; } } + if (getenv("DEBUG_RUN_CMD")) db = 1; /* only sets environment variables: */ run_user_command("", latest_client, "env", NULL, 0, NULL); @@ -2265,7 +2318,11 @@ static int do_run_cmd(char *cmd, char *create_cmd, char *users_list_save, int cr strstr(cmd, "FINDCREATEDISPLAY") == cmd) { char *nd = ""; char fdout[128]; + + internal_cmd = 1; + tmp_fd = mkstemp(tmp); + if (tmp_fd < 0) { rfbLog("wait_for_client: open failed: %s\n", tmp); rfbLogPerror("mkstemp"); @@ -2302,7 +2359,7 @@ static int do_run_cmd(char *cmd, char *create_cmd, char *users_list_save, int cr rfbLog("wait_for_client: running: %s\n", cmd); - if (unixpw) { + if (unixpw && !unixpw_nis) { int res = 0, k, j, i; char line[18000]; @@ -2310,8 +2367,13 @@ static int do_run_cmd(char *cmd, char *create_cmd, char *users_list_save, int cr if (keep_unixpw_user && keep_unixpw_pass) { n = 18000; - res = su_verify(keep_unixpw_user, - keep_unixpw_pass, cmd, line, &n, nodisp); + if (unixpw_cmd != NULL) { + res = unixpw_cmd_run(keep_unixpw_user, + keep_unixpw_pass, cmd, line, &n, nodisp); + } else { + res = su_verify(keep_unixpw_user, + keep_unixpw_pass, cmd, line, &n, nodisp); + } } if (db) {fprintf(stderr, "line: "); write(2, line, n); write(2, "\n", 1); fprintf(stderr, "res=%d n=%d\n", res, n);} @@ -2331,7 +2393,13 @@ if (db) {fprintf(stderr, "line: "); write(2, line, n); write(2, "\n", 1); fprint findcreatedisplay = 1; - if (getuid() != 0) { + if (unixpw_cmd != NULL) { + /* let the external unixpw command do it: */ + n = 18000; + close_exec_fds(); + res = unixpw_cmd_run(keep_unixpw_user, + keep_unixpw_pass, create_cmd, line, &n, nodisp); + } else if (getuid() != 0) { /* if not root, run as the other user... */ n = 18000; close_exec_fds(); @@ -2411,6 +2479,7 @@ if (db) fprintf(stderr, "line1: '%s'\n", line1); } if (db) write(2, line, 100); if (db) fprintf(stderr, "\n"); + } else { FILE *p; int rc; @@ -2428,9 +2497,22 @@ if (db) fprintf(stderr, "\n"); p = popen(c, "r"); free(c); + } else if (unixpw_nis && keep_unixpw_user) { + char *c; + if (getuid() == 0) { + c = (char *) malloc(strlen("su - '' -c \"") + + strlen(keep_unixpw_user) + strlen(cmd) + 1 + 1); + sprintf(c, "su - '%s' -c \"%s\"", keep_unixpw_user, cmd); + } else { + c = strdup(cmd); + } + p = popen(c, "r"); + free(c); + } else { p = popen(cmd, "r"); } + if (! p) { rfbLog("wait_for_client: cmd failed: %s\n", cmd); rfbLogPerror("popen"); @@ -2575,49 +2657,13 @@ fprintf(stderr, "\n");} } } - if (usslpeer) { - char *u = (char *) malloc(strlen(usslpeer+2)); - sprintf(u, "+%s", usslpeer); - if (switch_user(u, 0)) { - rfbLog("sslpeer switched to user: %s\n", usslpeer); - } else { - rfbLog("sslpeer failed to switch to user: %s\n", usslpeer); - } - free(u); - - } else if (users_list_save && keep_unixpw_user) { - char *user = keep_unixpw_user; - char *u = (char *)malloc(strlen(user)+1); - - users_list = users_list_save; - - u[0] = '\0'; - if (!strcmp(users_list, "unixpw=")) { - sprintf(u, "+%s", user); - } else { - char *p, *str = strdup(users_list); - p = strtok(str + strlen("unixpw="), ","); - while (p) { - if (!strcmp(p, user)) { - sprintf(u, "+%s", user); - break; - } - p = strtok(NULL, ","); - } - free(str); - } - - if (u[0] == '\0') { - rfbLog("unixpw_accept skipping switch to user: %s\n", user); - } else if (switch_user(u, 0)) { - rfbLog("unixpw_accept switched to user: %s\n", user); - } else { - rfbLog("unixpw_accept failed to switch to user: %s\n", user); - } - free(u); + if (!tried_switch) { + do_try_switch(usslpeer, users_list_save); + tried_switch = 1; } if (unixpw) { + /* Some cleanup and messaging for -unixpw case: */ char str[32]; if (keep_unixpw_user && keep_unixpw_pass) { diff --git a/x11vnc/x11vnc.1 b/x11vnc/x11vnc.1 index c2da5ee..6c93474 100644 --- a/x11vnc/x11vnc.1 +++ b/x11vnc/x11vnc.1 @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@ .\" This file was automatically generated from x11vnc -help output. -.TH X11VNC "1" "July 2009" "x11vnc " "User Commands" +.TH X11VNC "1" "August 2009" "x11vnc " "User Commands" .SH NAME x11vnc - allow VNC connections to real X11 displays - version: 0.9.9, lastmod: 2009-07-11 + version: 0.9.9, lastmod: 2009-08-10 .SH SYNOPSIS .B x11vnc [OPTION]... @@ -347,8 +347,8 @@ is needed for the latter, feel free to ask). \fB-scale\fR \fIfraction\fR .IP Scale the framebuffer by factor \fIfraction\fR. Values -less than 1 shrink the fb, larger ones expand it. Note: -image may not be sharp and response may be slower. +less than 1 shrink the fb, larger ones expand it. Note: +the image may not be sharp and response may be slower. If \fIfraction\fR contains a decimal point "." it is taken as a floating point number, alternatively the notation "m/n" may be used to denote fractions @@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ is running as root (e.g. via Repeater mode: Some services provide an intermediate "vnc repeater": http://www.uvnc.com/addons/repeater.html (and also http://koti.mbnet.fi/jtko/ for linux port) -that acts as a proxy / gateway. Modes like these require +that acts as a proxy/gateway. Modes like these require an initial string to be sent for the reverse connection before the VNC protocol is started. Here are the ways to do this: @@ -871,14 +871,14 @@ full-access passwords) \fB-unixpw\fR \fI[list]\fR .IP Use Unix username and password authentication. x11vnc -uses the +will use the .IR su (1) -program to verify the user's password. -[list] is an optional comma separated list of allowed -Unix usernames. If the [list] string begins with the -character "!" then the entire list is taken as an -exclude list. See below for per-user options that can -be applied. +program to verify the user's +password. [list] is an optional comma separated list +of allowed Unix usernames. If the [list] string begins +with the character "!" then the entire list is taken +as an exclude list. See below for per-user options +that can be applied. .IP A familiar "login:" and "Password:" dialog is presented to the user on a black screen inside the @@ -896,8 +896,9 @@ Since the detailed behavior of .IR su (1) can vary from OS to OS and for local configurations, test the mode -carefully. x11vnc will attempt to be conservative and -reject a login if anything abnormal occurs. +before deployment to make sure it is working properly. +x11vnc will attempt to be conservative and reject a +login if anything abnormal occurs. .IP One case to note: FreeBSD and the other BSD's by default it is impossible for the user running x11vnc to @@ -932,7 +933,7 @@ Method 2) requires the viewer connection to appear to come from the same machine x11vnc is running on (e.g. from a ssh \fB-L\fR port redirection). And that the \fB-stunnel\fR SSL mode be used for encryption over the -network.(see the description of \fB-stunnel\fR below). +network. (see the description of \fB-stunnel\fR below). .IP Note: as a convenience, if you .IR ssh (1) @@ -966,7 +967,7 @@ local connections from that machine are accepted). Set UNIXPW_DISABLE_LOCALHOST=1 to disable the \fB-localhost\fR requirement in Method 2). One should never do this (i.e. allow the Unix passwords to be sniffed on the -network). +network.) .IP Regarding reverse connections (e.g. \fB-R\fR connect:host and \fB-connect\fR host), when the \fB-localhost\fR constraint is @@ -984,7 +985,7 @@ Tip: you can also have your own stunnel spawn x11vnc in \fB-inetd\fR mode (thereby bypassing inetd). See the FAQ for details. .IP -The user names in the comma separated [list] can have +The user names in the comma separated [list] may have per-user options after a ":", e.g. "fred:opts" where "opts" is a "+" separated list of "viewonly", "fullaccess", "input=XXXX", or @@ -992,13 +993,13 @@ where "opts" is a "+" separated list of For "input=" it is the K,M,B,C described under \fB-input.\fR .IP If an item in the list is "*" that means those -options apply to all users. It also means all users +options apply to all users. It ALSO implies all users are allowed to log in after supplying a valid password. Use "deny" to explicitly deny some users if you use -"*" to set a global option. If [list] begins with -the "!" character then "*" is ignored for checking -if the user is allowed, but the any value of options -associated with it does apply as normal. +"*" to set a global option. If [list] begins with the +"!" character then "*" is ignored for checking if +the user is allowed, but the option values associated +with it do apply as normal. .IP There are also some utilities for testing password if [list] starts with the "%" character. See the @@ -1032,18 +1033,27 @@ user can authenticate ANY user. NIS is not required for this mode to work (only that .IR getpwnam (3) return the encrypted password is required), -but it is unlikely it will work for any most modern -environments unless x11vnc is run as root to be able -to access /etc/shadow (note running as root is often -done when running x11vnc from inetd and xdm/gdm/kdm). +but it is unlikely it will work (as an ordinary user) +for most modern environments unless NIS is available. +On the other hand, when x11vnc is run as root it will +be able to to access /etc/shadow even if NIS is not +available (note running as root is often done when +running x11vnc from inetd and xdm/gdm/kdm). .IP Looked at another way, if you do not want to use the .IR su (1) -method provided by \fB-unixpw,\fR you can run x11vnc -as root and use \fB-unixpw_nis.\fR Any users with passwords -in /etc/shadow can then be authenticated. You may want -to use \fB-users\fR unixpw= to switch the process user after -the user logs in. +method provided by \fB-unixpw\fR (i.e. su_verify()), you +can run x11vnc as root and use \fB-unixpw_nis.\fR Any users +with passwords in /etc/shadow can then be authenticated. +.IP +In \fB-unixpw_nis\fR mode, under no circumstances is x11vnc's +user password verifying function based on su called +(i.e. the function su_verify() that runs /bin/su +in a pseudoterminal to verify passwords.) However, +if \fB-unixpw_nis\fR is used in conjunction with the \fB-find\fR +and \fB-create\fR \fB-display\fR WAIT:... modes then, if x11vnc is +running as root, /bin/su may be called externally to +run the find or create commands. .PP \fB-unixpw_cmd\fR \fIcmd\fR .IP @@ -1051,18 +1061,66 @@ As \fB-unixpw\fR above, however do not use .IR su (1) but rather run the externally supplied command \fIcmd\fR. The first -line of its stdin will the username and the second line -the received password. If the command exits with status -0 (success) the VNC client will be accepted. It will be -rejected for any other return status. -.IP -Dynamic passwords and non-unix passwords can be -implemented this way by providing your own custom helper -program. Note that under unixpw mode the remote viewer -is given 3 tries to enter the correct password. -.IP -If a list of allowed users is needed use \fB-unixpw\fR [list] -in addition to this option. +line of its stdin will be the username and the second +line the received password. If the command exits +with status 0 (success) the VNC user will be accepted. +It will be rejected for any other return status. +.IP +Dynamic passwords and non-unix passwords, e.g. LDAP, +can be implemented this way by providing your own custom +helper program. Note that the remote viewer is given 3 +tries to enter the correct password, and so the program +may be called in a row that many (or more) times. +.IP +If a list of allowed users is needed to limit who can +log in, use \fB-unixpw\fR [list] in addition to this option. +.IP +In FINDDISPLAY and FINDCREATEDISPLAY modes the \fIcmd\fR +will also be run with the RFB_UNIXPW_CMD_RUN env. var. +non-empty and set to the corresponding display +find/create command. The first two lines of input are +the username and passwd as in the normal case described +above. To support FINDDISPLAY and FINDCREATEDISPLAY, +\fIcmd\fR should run the requested command as the user +(and most likely refusing to run it if the password is +not correct.) Here is an example script (note it has +a hardwired bogus password "abc"!) +.IP +#!/bin/sh +# Example x11vnc \fB-unixpw_cmd\fR script. +# Read the first two lines of stdin (user and passwd) +read user +read pass +.IP +debug=0 +if [ $debug = 1 ]; then +echo "user: $user" 1>&2 +echo "pass: $pass" 1>&2 +env | egrep \fB-i\fR 'rfb|vnc' 1>&2 +fi +.IP +# Check if the password is valid. +# (A real example would use ldap lookup, etc!) +if [ "X$pass" != "Xabc" ]; then +exit 1 # incorrect password +fi +.IP +if [ "X$RFB_UNIXPW_CMD_RUN" = "X" ]; then +exit 0 # correct password +else +# Run the requested command (finddisplay) +if [ $debug = 1 ]; then +echo "run: $RFB_UNIXPW_CMD_RUN" 1>&2 +fi +exec /bin/su - "$user" \fB-c\fR "$RFB_UNIXPW_CMD_RUN" +fi +.IP +In \fB-unixpw_cmd\fR mode, under no circumstances is x11vnc's +user password verifying function based on su called +(i.e. the function su_verify() that runs /bin/su in a +pseudoterminal to verify passwords.) It is up to the +supplied unixpw_cmd to do user switching if desired +and if it has the permissions to do so. .PP \fB-find\fR .IP @@ -1214,9 +1272,15 @@ xauthority data for the display. For example; .IP xauth extract - $DISPLAY" .IP -In the case of \fB-unixpw\fR (but not \fB-unixpw_nis),\fR then the -cmd= command is run as the user who just authenticated -via the login and password prompt. +In the case of \fB-unixpw\fR (and \fB-unixpw_nis\fR only if x11vnc +is running as root), then the cmd= command is run +as the user who just authenticated via the login and +password prompt. +.IP +In the case of \fB-unixpw_cmd,\fR the commands will also be +run as the logged-in user, as long as the user-supplied +helper program supports RFB_UNIXPW_CMD_RUN (see the +\fB-unixpw_cmd\fR option.) .IP Also in the case of \fB-unixpw,\fR the user logging in can place a colon at the end of her username and supply @@ -5827,7 +5891,7 @@ max time in ms to wait for RFB client \fB-rfbauth\fR \fIpasswd-file\fR .IP use authentication on RFB protocol -(use 'storepasswd' to create a password file) +(use 'x11vnc \fB-storepasswd\fR pass file' to create a password file) .PP \fB-rfbversion\fR \fI3.x\fR .IP diff --git a/x11vnc/x11vnc.c b/x11vnc/x11vnc.c index 95e042c..2ef6217 100644 --- a/x11vnc/x11vnc.c +++ b/x11vnc/x11vnc.c @@ -2482,6 +2482,9 @@ int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { if (unixpw_list) { unixpw_list = NULL; } + if (unixpw_cmd) { + unixpw_cmd = NULL; + } continue; } if (!strcmp(arg, "-vencrypt")) { diff --git a/x11vnc/x11vnc_defs.c b/x11vnc/x11vnc_defs.c index 4c9d5b1..cc973f0 100644 --- a/x11vnc/x11vnc_defs.c +++ b/x11vnc/x11vnc_defs.c @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ int xtrap_base_event_type = 0; int xdamage_base_event_type = 0; /* date +'lastmod: %Y-%m-%d' */ -char lastmod[] = "0.9.9 lastmod: 2009-07-11"; +char lastmod[] = "0.9.9 lastmod: 2009-08-10"; /* X display info */ |